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Open Access 01-12-2010 | Review

The neurobiological basis of ADHD

Authors: Paolo Curatolo, Elisa D'Agati, Romina Moavero

Published in: Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Issue 1/2010

Abstract

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is not a single pathophysiological entity and appears to have a complex etiology. There are multiple genetic and environmental risk factors with small individual effect that act in concert to create a spectrum of neurobiological liability. Structural imaging studies show that brains of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder are significantly smaller than unaffected controls. The prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum are differentially affected and evidence indicating reduced connectivity in white matter tracts in key brain areas is emerging. Genetic, pharmacological, imaging, and animal models highlight the important role of dopamine dysregulation in the neurobiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. To date, stimulants are the most effective psychopharmacological treatments available for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Currently only immediate release methylphenidate and atomoxetine are approved for the treatment of ADHD in Italy. Drug treatment should always be part of a comprehensive plan that includes psychosocial, behavioural and educational advice and interventions.

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Title: The neurobiological basis of ADHD
Authors: Paolo Curatolo
Elisa D'Agati
Romina Moavero
Publication date: 01-12-2010
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Italian Journal of Pediatrics / Issue 1/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1824-7288
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-36-79

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

The neurobiological basis of ADHD

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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