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01-06-2014

The longitudinal and interactive effects of HIV status, stimulant use, and host genotype upon neurocognitive functioning

Authors: Andrew J. Levine, Sandra Reynolds, Christopher Cox, Eric N. Miller, Janet S. Sinsheimer, James T. Becker, Eileen Martin, Ned Sacktor, for the Neuropsychology Working Group of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 3/2014

Abstract

Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection and illicit stimulant use can adversely impact neurocognitive functioning, and these effects can be additive. However, significant variability exists such that as-of-yet unidentified exogenous and endogenous factors affect one’s risk for neurocognitive impairment. Literature on both HIV and stimulant use indicates that host genetic variants in immunologic and dopamine-related genes are one such factor. In this study, the individual and interactive effects of HIV status, stimulant use, and genotype upon neurocognitive functioning were examined longitudinally over a 10-year period. Nine hundred fifty-two Caucasian HIV+ and HIV− cases from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were included. All cases had at least two comprehensive neurocognitive evaluations between 1985 and 1995. Pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) data were examined in order to avoid the confounding effect of variable drug regimens. Linear mixed models were used, with neurocognitive domain scores as the outcome variables. No four-way interactions were found, indicating that HIV and stimulant use do not interact over time to affect neurocognitive functioning as a function of genotype. Multiple three-way interactions were found that involved genotype and HIV status. All immunologically related genes found to interact with HIV status affected neurocognitive functioning in the expected direction; however, only C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL3 affected HIV+ individuals specifically. Dopamine-related genetic variants generally affected HIV-negative individuals only. Neurocognitive functioning among HIV+ individuals who also used stimulants was not significantly different from those who did not use stimulants. The findings support the role of immunologically related genetic differences in CCL2 and CCL3 in neurocognitive functioning among HIV+ individuals; however, their impact is minor. Being consistent with findings from another cohort, dopamine (DA)-related genetic differences do not appear to impact the longitudinal neurocognitive functioning of HIV+ individuals.

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Title: The longitudinal and interactive effects of HIV status, stimulant use, and host genotype upon neurocognitive functioning
Authors: Andrew J. Levine
Sandra Reynolds
Christopher Cox
Eric N. Miller
Janet S. Sinsheimer
James T. Becker
Eileen Martin
Ned Sacktor
for the Neuropsychology Working Group of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Publication date: 01-06-2014
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-014-0241-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

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The longitudinal and interactive effects of HIV status, stimulant use, and host genotype upon neurocognitive functioning

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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