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01-10-2011 | Review

Methamphetamine toxicity and its implications during HIV-1 infection

Authors: Peter S. Silverstein, Ankit Shah, Raeesa Gupte, Xun Liu, Robert W. Piepho, Santosh Kumar, Anil Kumar

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 5/2011

Abstract

Over the past two decades methamphetamine (MA) abuse has seen a dramatic increase. The abuse of MA is particularly high in groups that are at higher risk for HIV-1 infection, especially men who have sex with men (MSM). This review is focused on MA toxicity in the CNS as well as in the periphery. In the CNS, MA toxicity is comprised of numerous effects, including, but not limited to, oxidative stress produced by dysregulation of the dopaminergic system, hyperthermia, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that these effects exacerbate the neurodegenerative damage caused by CNS infection of HIV perhaps because both MA and HIV target the frontostriatal regions of the brain. MA has also been demonstrated to increase viral load in the CNS of SIV-infected macaques. Using transgenic animal models, as well as cultured cells, the HIV proteins Tat and gp120 have been demonstrated to have neurotoxic properties that are aggravated by MA. In addition, MA has been shown to exhibit detrimental effects on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that have the potential to increase the probability of CNS infection by HIV. Although the effects of MA in the periphery have not been as extensively studied as have the effects on the CNS, recent reports demonstrate the potential effects of MA on HIV infection in the periphery including increased expression of HIV co-receptors and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines.

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Title: Methamphetamine toxicity and its implications during HIV-1 infection
Authors: Peter S. Silverstein
Ankit Shah
Raeesa Gupte
Xun Liu
Robert W. Piepho
Santosh Kumar
Anil Kumar
Publication date: 01-10-2011
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 5/2011
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-011-0043-4

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Methamphetamine toxicity and its implications during HIV-1 infection

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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