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Open Access 01-10-2021

The “Haves, Have Some, and Have Nots:” a Latent Profile Analysis of Capacity, Quality, and Implementation in Community-Based Afterschool Programs

Authors: Emilie Phillips Smith, Professor of Human Dev & Fam Stud, College of Social Science Distinguished Senior Scholar, Dawn P. Witherspoon, McCourtney Family Early Career Professor of Psychology, Pui-Wa Lei, Professor of Education

Published in: Prevention Science | Issue 7/2021

Abstract

Implementation of evidence-based practices is a critical factor in whether afterschool programs are successful in having a positive impact upon risk reduction and positive youth development. However, important prevention research reveals that contextual and organizational factors can affect implementation (Bradshaw & Pas in School Psychology Review, 40, 530–548, 2011) (Flaspohler et al., in American Journal of Community Psychology, 50(3-4), 271-281, 2012) (Gottfredson et al., Prevention Science, 3, 43–56, 2002) (McIntosh et al., Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 18(4), 209-218, 2016) (Payne in Prevention Science, 10, 151–167, 2009). Using a latent profile approach (LPA), this paper examines multiple organizational and neighborhood contextual factors that might affect the degree to which afterschool programs effectively implement evidence-based practices in the context of a cluster-randomized trial of the Paxis Good Behavior Game (PaxGBG). The Interactive Systems Framework (ISF) explores dimensions of capacity that might matter for prevention efforts. As expected, we found that well-resourced and high-quality programs performed well in terms of implementation (the Haves) and, in neighborhood contexts rich in racial-ethnic diversity. Yet, we found that some programs with less physical and material capacity (the Have Nots), demonstrated greater program quality (i.e., supportive adult and peer relationships, engagement, a sense of belonging) and implementation, relative to programs with better capacity (e.g., space, material resources, staffing, and leadership, the Have Somes). While capacity matters, intentional prevention initiatives that seek to promote evidence-based practices are helpful to sites in supporting organizations that might otherwise fail to provide quality programming for youth. This paper addresses a conundrum in prevention science, namely, how to make programming accessible to those who need it with a focus on organizational processes, program quality, and implementation of evidence-based practices.

See Oh, Osgood, and Smith (2015) for more information about these setting-level (i.e., afterschool program) observations.

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Title: The “Haves, Have Some, and Have Nots:” a Latent Profile Analysis of Capacity, Quality, and Implementation in Community-Based Afterschool Programs
Authors: Emilie Phillips Smith, Professor of Human Dev & Fam Stud, College of Social Science Distinguished Senior Scholar
Dawn P. Witherspoon, McCourtney Family Early Career Professor of Psychology
Pui-Wa Lei, Professor of Education
Publication date: 01-10-2021
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Prevention Science / Issue 7/2021
Print ISSN: 1389-4986
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6695
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01258-z

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The “Haves, Have Some, and Have Nots:” a Latent Profile Analysis of Capacity, Quality, and Implementation in Community-Based Afterschool Programs

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Other articles of this Issue 7/2021

Identifying the “Active Ingredients” of a School-Based, Workplace Safety and Health Training Intervention

Predictors of Caregiver Participation in an Engagement Strategy to Increase Initiation into a Family-Based Preventive Intervention

Preferences for Parenting Programs in Head Start: Using Conjoint Analysis to Understand Engagement in Parenting Health Promotion Programs

Gamification for Family Engagement in Lifestyle Interventions: A Systematic Review

Behavioral Economics and Parent Participation in an Evidence-Based Parenting Program at Scale

An Evaluation of Strategies Used to Maximize Intervention Fidelity in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Sexual Assault Resistance Program for University Women