Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Molecular Cancer 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Review

The functional role of long non-coding RNA in human carcinomas

Authors: Ewan A Gibb, Carolyn J Brown, Wan L Lam

Published in: Molecular Cancer | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new players in the cancer paradigm demonstrating potential roles in both oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways. These novel genes are frequently aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers, however the biological functions of the vast majority remain unknown. Recently, evidence has begun to accumulate describing the molecular mechanisms by which these RNA species function, providing insight into the functional roles they may play in tumorigenesis. In this review, we highlight the emerging functional role of lncRNAs in human cancer.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
3.
go back to reference Birney E, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Dutta A, Guigo R, Gingeras TR, Margulies EH, Weng Z, Snyder M, Dermitzakis ET, Thurman RE: Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project. Nature. 2007, 447 (7146): 799-816.PubMedCrossRef Birney E, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Dutta A, Guigo R, Gingeras TR, Margulies EH, Weng Z, Snyder M, Dermitzakis ET, Thurman RE: Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project. Nature. 2007, 447 (7146): 799-816.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Kapranov P, Willingham AT, Gingeras TR: Genome-wide transcription and the implications for genomic organization. Nat Rev Genet. 2007, 8 (6): 413-423.PubMedCrossRef Kapranov P, Willingham AT, Gingeras TR: Genome-wide transcription and the implications for genomic organization. Nat Rev Genet. 2007, 8 (6): 413-423.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Frith MC, Pheasant M, Mattick JS: The amazing complexity of the human transcriptome. Eur J Hum Genet. 2005, 13 (8): 894-897.PubMedCrossRef Frith MC, Pheasant M, Mattick JS: The amazing complexity of the human transcriptome. Eur J Hum Genet. 2005, 13 (8): 894-897.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Guttman M, Amit I, Garber M, French C, Lin MF, Feldser D, Huarte M, Zuk O, Carey BW, Cassady JP: Chromatin signature reveals over a thousand highly conserved large non-coding RNAs in mammals. Nature. 2009, 458 (7235): 223-227.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Guttman M, Amit I, Garber M, French C, Lin MF, Feldser D, Huarte M, Zuk O, Carey BW, Cassady JP: Chromatin signature reveals over a thousand highly conserved large non-coding RNAs in mammals. Nature. 2009, 458 (7235): 223-227.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Washietl S, Hofacker IL, Lukasser M, Huttenhofer A, Stadler PF: Mapping of conserved RNA secondary structures predicts thousands of functional noncoding RNAs in the human genome. Nat Biotechnol. 2005, 23 (11): 1383-1390.PubMedCrossRef Washietl S, Hofacker IL, Lukasser M, Huttenhofer A, Stadler PF: Mapping of conserved RNA secondary structures predicts thousands of functional noncoding RNAs in the human genome. Nat Biotechnol. 2005, 23 (11): 1383-1390.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Wang J, Zhang J, Zheng H, Li J, Liu D, Li H, Samudrala R, Yu J, Wong GK: Mouse transcriptome: neutral evolution of 'non-coding' complementary DNAs. Nature. 2004, 431 (7010): 1-p following 757; discussion following 757,PubMed Wang J, Zhang J, Zheng H, Li J, Liu D, Li H, Samudrala R, Yu J, Wong GK: Mouse transcriptome: neutral evolution of 'non-coding' complementary DNAs. Nature. 2004, 431 (7010): 1-p following 757; discussion following 757,PubMed
12.
go back to reference Struhl K: Transcriptional noise and the fidelity of initiation by RNA polymerase II. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007, 14 (2): 103-105.PubMedCrossRef Struhl K: Transcriptional noise and the fidelity of initiation by RNA polymerase II. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007, 14 (2): 103-105.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Ebisuya M, Yamamoto T, Nakajima M, Nishida E: Ripples from neighbouring transcription. Nat Cell Biol. 2008, 10 (9): 1106-1113.PubMedCrossRef Ebisuya M, Yamamoto T, Nakajima M, Nishida E: Ripples from neighbouring transcription. Nat Cell Biol. 2008, 10 (9): 1106-1113.PubMedCrossRef
14.
16.
go back to reference Ponting CP, Oliver PL, Reik W: Evolution and functions of long noncoding RNAs. Cell. 2009, 136 (4): 629-641.PubMedCrossRef Ponting CP, Oliver PL, Reik W: Evolution and functions of long noncoding RNAs. Cell. 2009, 136 (4): 629-641.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Mattick JS: Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions. Nat Rev Genet. 2009, 10 (3): 155-159.PubMedCrossRef Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Mattick JS: Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions. Nat Rev Genet. 2009, 10 (3): 155-159.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Rinn JL, Kertesz M, Wang JK, Squazzo SL, Xu X, Brugmann SA, Goodnough LH, Helms JA, Farnham PJ, Segal E: Functional demarcation of active and silent chromatin domains in human HOX loci by noncoding RNAs. Cell. 2007, 129 (7): 1311-1323.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Rinn JL, Kertesz M, Wang JK, Squazzo SL, Xu X, Brugmann SA, Goodnough LH, Helms JA, Farnham PJ, Segal E: Functional demarcation of active and silent chromatin domains in human HOX loci by noncoding RNAs. Cell. 2007, 129 (7): 1311-1323.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Loewer S, Cabili MN, Guttman M, Loh YH, Thomas K, Park IH, Garber M, Curran M, Onder T, Agarwal S: Large intergenic non-coding RNA-RoR modulates reprogramming of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Genet. 2010, 42 (12): 1113-1117.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Loewer S, Cabili MN, Guttman M, Loh YH, Thomas K, Park IH, Garber M, Curran M, Onder T, Agarwal S: Large intergenic non-coding RNA-RoR modulates reprogramming of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Genet. 2010, 42 (12): 1113-1117.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Castle JC, Armour CD, Lower M, Haynor D, Biery M, Bouzek H, Chen R, Jackson S, Johnson JM, Rohl CA: Digital genome-wide ncRNA expression, including SnoRNAs, across 11 human tissues using polyA-neutral amplification. PLoS One. 2010, 5 (7): e11779-PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Castle JC, Armour CD, Lower M, Haynor D, Biery M, Bouzek H, Chen R, Jackson S, Johnson JM, Rohl CA: Digital genome-wide ncRNA expression, including SnoRNAs, across 11 human tissues using polyA-neutral amplification. PLoS One. 2010, 5 (7): e11779-PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Sunkin SM, Mehler MF, Mattick JS: Specific expression of long noncoding RNAs in the mouse brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105 (2): 716-721.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Sunkin SM, Mehler MF, Mattick JS: Specific expression of long noncoding RNAs in the mouse brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105 (2): 716-721.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Taft RJ, Pang KC, Mercer TR, Dinger M, Mattick JS: Non-coding RNAs: regulators of disease. J Pathol. 2010, 220 (2): 126-139.PubMedCrossRef Taft RJ, Pang KC, Mercer TR, Dinger M, Mattick JS: Non-coding RNAs: regulators of disease. J Pathol. 2010, 220 (2): 126-139.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Maruyama R, Shipitsin M, Choudhury S, Wu Z, Protopopov A, Yao J, Lo PK, Bessarabova M, Ishkin A, Nikolsky Y: Breast Cancer Special Feature: Altered antisense-to-sense transcript ratios in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010, Maruyama R, Shipitsin M, Choudhury S, Wu Z, Protopopov A, Yao J, Lo PK, Bessarabova M, Ishkin A, Nikolsky Y: Breast Cancer Special Feature: Altered antisense-to-sense transcript ratios in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010,
25.
go back to reference Silva JM, Perez DS, Pritchett JR, Halling ML, Tang H, Smith DI: Identification of long stress-induced non-coding transcripts that have altered expression in cancer. Genomics. 2010, 95 (6): 355-362.PubMedCrossRef Silva JM, Perez DS, Pritchett JR, Halling ML, Tang H, Smith DI: Identification of long stress-induced non-coding transcripts that have altered expression in cancer. Genomics. 2010, 95 (6): 355-362.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Perez DS, Hoage TR, Pritchett JR, Ducharme-Smith AL, Halling ML, Ganapathiraju SC, Streng PS, Smith DI: Long, abundantly expressed non-coding transcripts are altered in cancer. Hum Mol Genet. 2008, 17 (5): 642-655.PubMedCrossRef Perez DS, Hoage TR, Pritchett JR, Ducharme-Smith AL, Halling ML, Ganapathiraju SC, Streng PS, Smith DI: Long, abundantly expressed non-coding transcripts are altered in cancer. Hum Mol Genet. 2008, 17 (5): 642-655.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Guffanti A, Iacono M, Pelucchi P, Kim N, Solda G, Croft LJ, Taft RJ, Rizzi E, Askarian-Amiri M, Bonnal RJ: A transcriptional sketch of a primary human breast cancer by 454 deep sequencing. BMC Genomics. 2009, 10: 163-PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Guffanti A, Iacono M, Pelucchi P, Kim N, Solda G, Croft LJ, Taft RJ, Rizzi E, Askarian-Amiri M, Bonnal RJ: A transcriptional sketch of a primary human breast cancer by 454 deep sequencing. BMC Genomics. 2009, 10: 163-PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Brosnan CA, Voinnet O: The long and the short of noncoding RNAs. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2009, 21 (3): 416-425.PubMedCrossRef Brosnan CA, Voinnet O: The long and the short of noncoding RNAs. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2009, 21 (3): 416-425.PubMedCrossRef
30.
31.
go back to reference Okamura K, Chung WJ, Ruby JG, Guo H, Bartel DP, Lai EC: The Drosophila hairpin RNA pathway generates endogenous short interfering RNAs. Nature. 2008, 453 (7196): 803-806.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Okamura K, Chung WJ, Ruby JG, Guo H, Bartel DP, Lai EC: The Drosophila hairpin RNA pathway generates endogenous short interfering RNAs. Nature. 2008, 453 (7196): 803-806.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Krol J, Loedige I, Filipowicz W: The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay. Nat Rev Genet. 2010, 11 (9): 597-610.PubMed Krol J, Loedige I, Filipowicz W: The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay. Nat Rev Genet. 2010, 11 (9): 597-610.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Fabian MR, Sonenberg N, Filipowicz W: Regulation of mRNA translation and stability by microRNAs. Annu Rev Biochem. 2010, 79: 351-379.PubMedCrossRef Fabian MR, Sonenberg N, Filipowicz W: Regulation of mRNA translation and stability by microRNAs. Annu Rev Biochem. 2010, 79: 351-379.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Chekulaeva M, Filipowicz W: Mechanisms of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation in animal cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2009, 21 (3): 452-460.PubMedCrossRef Chekulaeva M, Filipowicz W: Mechanisms of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation in animal cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2009, 21 (3): 452-460.PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Kim VN, Han J, Siomi MC: Biogenesis of small RNAs in animals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009, 10 (2): 126-139.PubMedCrossRef Kim VN, Han J, Siomi MC: Biogenesis of small RNAs in animals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009, 10 (2): 126-139.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Taft RJ, Glazov EA, Cloonan N, Simons C, Stephen S, Faulkner GJ, Lassmann T, Forrest AR, Grimmond SM, Schroder K: Tiny RNAs associated with transcription start sites in animals. Nat Genet. 2009, 41 (5): 572-578.PubMedCrossRef Taft RJ, Glazov EA, Cloonan N, Simons C, Stephen S, Faulkner GJ, Lassmann T, Forrest AR, Grimmond SM, Schroder K: Tiny RNAs associated with transcription start sites in animals. Nat Genet. 2009, 41 (5): 572-578.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Taft RJ, Simons C, Nahkuri S, Oey H, Korbie DJ, Mercer TR, Holst J, Ritchie W, Wong JJ, Rasko JE: Nuclear-localized tiny RNAs are associated with transcription initiation and splice sites in metazoans. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010, 17 (8): 1030-1034.PubMedCrossRef Taft RJ, Simons C, Nahkuri S, Oey H, Korbie DJ, Mercer TR, Holst J, Ritchie W, Wong JJ, Rasko JE: Nuclear-localized tiny RNAs are associated with transcription initiation and splice sites in metazoans. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010, 17 (8): 1030-1034.PubMedCrossRef
42.
44.
go back to reference Chang LS, Lin SY, Lieu AS, Wu TL: Differential expression of human 5S snoRNA genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002, 299 (2): 196-200.PubMedCrossRef Chang LS, Lin SY, Lieu AS, Wu TL: Differential expression of human 5S snoRNA genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002, 299 (2): 196-200.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Liao J, Yu L, Mei Y, Guarnera M, Shen J, Li R, Liu Z, Jiang F: Small nucleolar RNA signatures as biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer. 2010, 9: 198.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Liao J, Yu L, Mei Y, Guarnera M, Shen J, Li R, Liu Z, Jiang F: Small nucleolar RNA signatures as biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer. 2010, 9: 198.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Ting DT, Lipson D, Paul S, Brannigan BW, Akhavanfard S, Coffman EJ, Contino G, Deshpande V, Iafrate AJ, Letovsky S: Aberrant overexpression of satellite repeats in pancreatic and other epithelial cancers. Science. 2011, 331 (6017): 593-596.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Ting DT, Lipson D, Paul S, Brannigan BW, Akhavanfard S, Coffman EJ, Contino G, Deshpande V, Iafrate AJ, Letovsky S: Aberrant overexpression of satellite repeats in pancreatic and other epithelial cancers. Science. 2011, 331 (6017): 593-596.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Cheng J, Kapranov P, Drenkow J, Dike S, Brubaker S, Patel S, Long J, Stern D, Tammana H, Helt G: Transcriptional maps of 10 human chromosomes at 5-nucleotide resolution. Science. 2005, 308 (5725): 1149-1154.PubMedCrossRef Cheng J, Kapranov P, Drenkow J, Dike S, Brubaker S, Patel S, Long J, Stern D, Tammana H, Helt G: Transcriptional maps of 10 human chromosomes at 5-nucleotide resolution. Science. 2005, 308 (5725): 1149-1154.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Wu Q, Kim YC, Lu J, Xuan Z, Chen J, Zheng Y, Zhou T, Zhang MQ, Wu CI, Wang SM: Poly A- transcripts expressed in HeLa cells. PLoS One. 2008, 3 (7): e2803.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Wu Q, Kim YC, Lu J, Xuan Z, Chen J, Zheng Y, Zhou T, Zhang MQ, Wu CI, Wang SM: Poly A- transcripts expressed in HeLa cells. PLoS One. 2008, 3 (7): e2803.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Hawkins PG, Morris KV: Transcriptional regulation of Oct4 by a long non-coding RNA antisense to Oct4-pseudogene 5. Transcr. 2010, 1 (3): 165-175. 10.4161/trns.1.3.13332.CrossRef Hawkins PG, Morris KV: Transcriptional regulation of Oct4 by a long non-coding RNA antisense to Oct4-pseudogene 5. Transcr. 2010, 1 (3): 165-175. 10.4161/trns.1.3.13332.CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Chen W, Bocker W, Brosius J, Tiedge H: Expression of neural BC200 RNA in human tumours. J Pathol. 1997, 183 (3): 345-351.PubMedCrossRef Chen W, Bocker W, Brosius J, Tiedge H: Expression of neural BC200 RNA in human tumours. J Pathol. 1997, 183 (3): 345-351.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Iacoangeli A, Lin Y, Morley EJ, Muslimov IA, Bianchi R, Reilly J, Weedon J, Diallo R, Bocker W, Tiedge H: BC200 RNA in invasive and preinvasive breast cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2004, 25 (11): 2125-2133.PubMedCrossRef Iacoangeli A, Lin Y, Morley EJ, Muslimov IA, Bianchi R, Reilly J, Weedon J, Diallo R, Bocker W, Tiedge H: BC200 RNA in invasive and preinvasive breast cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2004, 25 (11): 2125-2133.PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Ramskold D, Wang ET, Burge CB, Sandberg R: An abundance of ubiquitously expressed genes revealed by tissue transcriptome sequence data. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009, 5 (12): e1000598.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Ramskold D, Wang ET, Burge CB, Sandberg R: An abundance of ubiquitously expressed genes revealed by tissue transcriptome sequence data. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009, 5 (12): e1000598.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Guttman M, Garber M, Levin JZ, Donaghey J, Robinson J, Adiconis X, Fan L, Koziol MJ, Gnirke A, Nusbaum C: Ab initio reconstruction of cell type-specific transcriptomes in mouse reveals the conserved multi-exonic structure of lincRNAs. Nat Biotechnol. 2010, 28 (5): 503-510.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Guttman M, Garber M, Levin JZ, Donaghey J, Robinson J, Adiconis X, Fan L, Koziol MJ, Gnirke A, Nusbaum C: Ab initio reconstruction of cell type-specific transcriptomes in mouse reveals the conserved multi-exonic structure of lincRNAs. Nat Biotechnol. 2010, 28 (5): 503-510.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Babak T, Blencowe BJ, Hughes TR: A systematic search for new mammalian noncoding RNAs indicates little conserved intergenic transcription. BMC Genomics. 2005, 6: 104.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Babak T, Blencowe BJ, Hughes TR: A systematic search for new mammalian noncoding RNAs indicates little conserved intergenic transcription. BMC Genomics. 2005, 6: 104.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Bono H, Yagi K, Kasukawa T, Nikaido I, Tominaga N, Miki R, Mizuno Y, Tomaru Y, Goto H, Nitanda H: Systematic expression profiling of the mouse transcriptome using RIKEN cDNA microarrays. Genome Res. 2003, 13 (6B): 1318-1323.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bono H, Yagi K, Kasukawa T, Nikaido I, Tominaga N, Miki R, Mizuno Y, Tomaru Y, Goto H, Nitanda H: Systematic expression profiling of the mouse transcriptome using RIKEN cDNA microarrays. Genome Res. 2003, 13 (6B): 1318-1323.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
56.
57.
go back to reference Kapranov P, St Laurent G, Raz T, Ozsolak F, Reynolds CP, Sorensen PH, Reaman G, Milos P, Arceci RJ, Thompson JF: The majority of total nuclear-encoded non-ribosomal RNA in a human cell is 'dark matter' un-annotated RNA. BMC Biol. 2010, 8: 149.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kapranov P, St Laurent G, Raz T, Ozsolak F, Reynolds CP, Sorensen PH, Reaman G, Milos P, Arceci RJ, Thompson JF: The majority of total nuclear-encoded non-ribosomal RNA in a human cell is 'dark matter' un-annotated RNA. BMC Biol. 2010, 8: 149.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Khalil AM, Guttman M, Huarte M, Garber M, Raj A, Rivea Morales D, Thomas K, Presser A, Bernstein BE, van Oudenaarden A: Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009, 106 (28): 11667-11672.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Khalil AM, Guttman M, Huarte M, Garber M, Raj A, Rivea Morales D, Thomas K, Presser A, Bernstein BE, van Oudenaarden A: Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009, 106 (28): 11667-11672.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Mestdagh P, Fredlund E, Pattyn F, Rihani A, Van Maerken T, Vermeulen J, Kumps C, Menten B, De Preter K, Schramm A: An integrative genomics screen uncovers ncRNA T-UCR functions in neuroblastoma tumours. Oncogene. 2010, 29 (24): 3583-3592.PubMedCrossRef Mestdagh P, Fredlund E, Pattyn F, Rihani A, Van Maerken T, Vermeulen J, Kumps C, Menten B, De Preter K, Schramm A: An integrative genomics screen uncovers ncRNA T-UCR functions in neuroblastoma tumours. Oncogene. 2010, 29 (24): 3583-3592.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Orom UA, Derrien T, Beringer M, Gumireddy K, Gardini A, Bussotti G, Lai F, Zytnicki M, Notredame C, Huang Q: Long noncoding RNAs with enhancer-like function in human cells. Cell. 2010, 143 (1): 46-58.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Orom UA, Derrien T, Beringer M, Gumireddy K, Gardini A, Bussotti G, Lai F, Zytnicki M, Notredame C, Huang Q: Long noncoding RNAs with enhancer-like function in human cells. Cell. 2010, 143 (1): 46-58.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Lipovich L, Johnson R, Lin CY: MacroRNA underdogs in a microRNA world: evolutionary, regulatory, and biomedical significance of mammalian long non-protein-coding RNA. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010, 1799 (9): 597-615.PubMedCrossRef Lipovich L, Johnson R, Lin CY: MacroRNA underdogs in a microRNA world: evolutionary, regulatory, and biomedical significance of mammalian long non-protein-coding RNA. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010, 1799 (9): 597-615.PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Yang PK, Kuroda MI: Noncoding RNAs and intranuclear positioning in monoallelic gene expression. Cell. 2007, 128 (4): 777-786.PubMedCrossRef Yang PK, Kuroda MI: Noncoding RNAs and intranuclear positioning in monoallelic gene expression. Cell. 2007, 128 (4): 777-786.PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Heard E, Disteche CM: Dosage compensation in mammals: fine-tuning the expression of the X chromosome. Genes Dev. 2006, 20 (14): 1848-1867.PubMedCrossRef Heard E, Disteche CM: Dosage compensation in mammals: fine-tuning the expression of the X chromosome. Genes Dev. 2006, 20 (14): 1848-1867.PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Tripathi V, Ellis JD, Shen Z, Song DY, Pan Q, Watt AT, Freier SM, Bennett CF, Sharma A, Bubulya PA: The nuclear-retained noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates alternative splicing by modulating SR splicing factor phosphorylation. Mol Cell. 2010, 39 (6): 925-938.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tripathi V, Ellis JD, Shen Z, Song DY, Pan Q, Watt AT, Freier SM, Bennett CF, Sharma A, Bubulya PA: The nuclear-retained noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates alternative splicing by modulating SR splicing factor phosphorylation. Mol Cell. 2010, 39 (6): 925-938.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Goodrich JA, Kugel JF: Non-coding-RNA regulators of RNA polymerase II transcription. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006, 7 (8): 612-616.PubMedCrossRef Goodrich JA, Kugel JF: Non-coding-RNA regulators of RNA polymerase II transcription. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006, 7 (8): 612-616.PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Gupta RA, Shah N, Wang KC, Kim J, Horlings HM, Wong DJ, Tsai MC, Hung T, Argani P, Rinn JL: Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis. Nature. 2010, 464 (7291): 1071-1076.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Gupta RA, Shah N, Wang KC, Kim J, Horlings HM, Wong DJ, Tsai MC, Hung T, Argani P, Rinn JL: Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis. Nature. 2010, 464 (7291): 1071-1076.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Prasanth KV, Spector DL: Eukaryotic regulatory RNAs: an answer to the 'genome complexity' conundrum. Genes Dev. 2007, 21 (1): 11-42.PubMedCrossRef Prasanth KV, Spector DL: Eukaryotic regulatory RNAs: an answer to the 'genome complexity' conundrum. Genes Dev. 2007, 21 (1): 11-42.PubMedCrossRef
70.
72.
go back to reference Kondo T, Plaza S, Zanet J, Benrabah E, Valenti P, Hashimoto Y, Kobayashi S, Payre F, Kageyama Y: Small peptides switch the transcriptional activity of Shavenbaby during Drosophila embryogenesis. Science. 2010, 329 (5989): 336-339.PubMedCrossRef Kondo T, Plaza S, Zanet J, Benrabah E, Valenti P, Hashimoto Y, Kobayashi S, Payre F, Kageyama Y: Small peptides switch the transcriptional activity of Shavenbaby during Drosophila embryogenesis. Science. 2010, 329 (5989): 336-339.PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Ulveling D, Francastel C, Hube F: When one is better than two: RNA with dual functions. Biochimie. 2010, Ulveling D, Francastel C, Hube F: When one is better than two: RNA with dual functions. Biochimie. 2010,
75.
go back to reference Brown CJ, Ballabio A, Rupert JL, Lafreniere RG, Grompe M, Tonlorenzi R, Willard HF: A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome. Nature. 1991, 349 (6304): 38-44.PubMedCrossRef Brown CJ, Ballabio A, Rupert JL, Lafreniere RG, Grompe M, Tonlorenzi R, Willard HF: A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome. Nature. 1991, 349 (6304): 38-44.PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V: The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell. 1993, 75 (5): 843-854.PubMedCrossRef Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V: The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell. 1993, 75 (5): 843-854.PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Lau NC, Lim LP, Weinstein EG, Bartel DP: An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science. 2001, 294 (5543): 858-862.PubMedCrossRef Lau NC, Lim LP, Weinstein EG, Bartel DP: An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science. 2001, 294 (5543): 858-862.PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, Bichi R, Zupo S, Noch E, Aldler H, Rattan S, Keating M, Rai K: Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002, 99 (24): 15524-15529.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, Bichi R, Zupo S, Noch E, Aldler H, Rattan S, Keating M, Rai K: Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002, 99 (24): 15524-15529.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Griffiths-Jones S, Saini HK, van Dongen S, Enright AJ: miRBase: tools for microRNA genomics. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008, 36 Database issue: D154-158. Griffiths-Jones S, Saini HK, van Dongen S, Enright AJ: miRBase: tools for microRNA genomics. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008, 36 Database issue: D154-158.
81.
go back to reference Griffiths-Jones S: miRBase: microRNA sequences and annotation. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics. 2010, Chapter 12:Unit 12 19 11-10, Griffiths-Jones S: miRBase: microRNA sequences and annotation. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics. 2010, Chapter 12:Unit 12 19 11-10,
82.
go back to reference Berezikov E, Plasterk RH: Camels and zebrafish, viruses and cancer: a microRNA update. Hum Mol Genet. 2005, 14 (2): R183-190.PubMedCrossRef Berezikov E, Plasterk RH: Camels and zebrafish, viruses and cancer: a microRNA update. Hum Mol Genet. 2005, 14 (2): R183-190.PubMedCrossRef
84.
go back to reference Kawai J, Shinagawa A, Shibata K, Yoshino M, Itoh M, Ishii Y, Arakawa T, Hara A, Fukunishi Y, Konno H: Functional annotation of a full-length mouse cDNA collection. Nature. 2001, 409 (6821): 685-690.PubMedCrossRef Kawai J, Shinagawa A, Shibata K, Yoshino M, Itoh M, Ishii Y, Arakawa T, Hara A, Fukunishi Y, Konno H: Functional annotation of a full-length mouse cDNA collection. Nature. 2001, 409 (6821): 685-690.PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Scaruffi P, Stigliani S, Moretti S, Coco S, De Vecchi C, Valdora F, Garaventa A, Bonassi S, Tonini GP: Transcribed-Ultra Conserved Region expression is associated with outcome in high-risk neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer. 2009, 9: 441.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Scaruffi P, Stigliani S, Moretti S, Coco S, De Vecchi C, Valdora F, Garaventa A, Bonassi S, Tonini GP: Transcribed-Ultra Conserved Region expression is associated with outcome in high-risk neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer. 2009, 9: 441.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Rainier S, Johnson LA, Dobry CJ, Ping AJ, Grundy PE, Feinberg AP: Relaxation of imprinted genes in human cancer. Nature. 1993, 362 (6422): 747-749.PubMedCrossRef Rainier S, Johnson LA, Dobry CJ, Ping AJ, Grundy PE, Feinberg AP: Relaxation of imprinted genes in human cancer. Nature. 1993, 362 (6422): 747-749.PubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference Feil R, Berger F: Convergent evolution of genomic imprinting in plants and mammals. Trends Genet. 2007, 23 (4): 192-199.PubMedCrossRef Feil R, Berger F: Convergent evolution of genomic imprinting in plants and mammals. Trends Genet. 2007, 23 (4): 192-199.PubMedCrossRef
89.
go back to reference Wan LB, Bartolomei MS: Regulation of imprinting in clusters: noncoding RNAs versus insulators. Adv Genet. 2008, 61: 207-223.PubMedCrossRef Wan LB, Bartolomei MS: Regulation of imprinting in clusters: noncoding RNAs versus insulators. Adv Genet. 2008, 61: 207-223.PubMedCrossRef
90.
92.
go back to reference Gabory A, Jammes H, Dandolo L: The H19 locus: role of an imprinted non-coding RNA in growth and development. Bioessays. 2010, 32 (6): 473-480.PubMedCrossRef Gabory A, Jammes H, Dandolo L: The H19 locus: role of an imprinted non-coding RNA in growth and development. Bioessays. 2010, 32 (6): 473-480.PubMedCrossRef
93.
go back to reference Poirier F, Chan CT, Timmons PM, Robertson EJ, Evans MJ, Rigby PW: The murine H19 gene is activated during embryonic stem cell differentiation in vitro and at the time of implantation in the developing embryo. Development. 1991, 113 (4): 1105-1114.PubMed Poirier F, Chan CT, Timmons PM, Robertson EJ, Evans MJ, Rigby PW: The murine H19 gene is activated during embryonic stem cell differentiation in vitro and at the time of implantation in the developing embryo. Development. 1991, 113 (4): 1105-1114.PubMed
94.
go back to reference Lustig O, Ariel I, Ilan J, Lev-Lehman E, De-Groot N, Hochberg A: Expression of the imprinted gene H19 in the human fetus. Mol Reprod Dev. 1994, 38 (3): 239-246.PubMedCrossRef Lustig O, Ariel I, Ilan J, Lev-Lehman E, De-Groot N, Hochberg A: Expression of the imprinted gene H19 in the human fetus. Mol Reprod Dev. 1994, 38 (3): 239-246.PubMedCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Hibi K, Nakamura H, Hirai A, Fujikake Y, Kasai Y, Akiyama S, Ito K, Takagi H: Loss of H19 imprinting in esophageal cancer. Cancer Res. 1996, 56 (3): 480-482.PubMed Hibi K, Nakamura H, Hirai A, Fujikake Y, Kasai Y, Akiyama S, Ito K, Takagi H: Loss of H19 imprinting in esophageal cancer. Cancer Res. 1996, 56 (3): 480-482.PubMed
96.
go back to reference Fellig Y, Ariel I, Ohana P, Schachter P, Sinelnikov I, Birman T, Ayesh S, Schneider T, de Groot N, Czerniak A: H19 expression in hepatic metastases from a range of human carcinomas. J Clin Pathol. 2005, 58 (10): 1064-1068.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Fellig Y, Ariel I, Ohana P, Schachter P, Sinelnikov I, Birman T, Ayesh S, Schneider T, de Groot N, Czerniak A: H19 expression in hepatic metastases from a range of human carcinomas. J Clin Pathol. 2005, 58 (10): 1064-1068.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
97.
go back to reference Matouk IJ, DeGroot N, Mezan S, Ayesh S, Abu-lail R, Hochberg A, Galun E: The H19 non-coding RNA is essential for human tumor growth. PLoS One. 2007, 2 (9): e845.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Matouk IJ, DeGroot N, Mezan S, Ayesh S, Abu-lail R, Hochberg A, Galun E: The H19 non-coding RNA is essential for human tumor growth. PLoS One. 2007, 2 (9): e845.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
98.
go back to reference Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Lau SK, Boutros PC, Khosravi F, Jurisica I, Andrulis IL, Tsao MS, Penn LZ: The c-Myc oncogene directly induces the H19 noncoding RNA by allele-specific binding to potentiate tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 2006, 66 (10): 5330-5337.PubMedCrossRef Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Lau SK, Boutros PC, Khosravi F, Jurisica I, Andrulis IL, Tsao MS, Penn LZ: The c-Myc oncogene directly induces the H19 noncoding RNA by allele-specific binding to potentiate tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 2006, 66 (10): 5330-5337.PubMedCrossRef
99.
go back to reference Berteaux N, Lottin S, Monte D, Pinte S, Quatannens B, Coll J, Hondermarck H, Curgy JJ, Dugimont T, Adriaenssens E: H19 mRNA-like noncoding RNA promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through positive control by E2F1. J Biol Chem. 2005, 280 (33): 29625-29636.PubMedCrossRef Berteaux N, Lottin S, Monte D, Pinte S, Quatannens B, Coll J, Hondermarck H, Curgy JJ, Dugimont T, Adriaenssens E: H19 mRNA-like noncoding RNA promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through positive control by E2F1. J Biol Chem. 2005, 280 (33): 29625-29636.PubMedCrossRef
100.
go back to reference Dugimont T, Montpellier C, Adriaenssens E, Lottin S, Dumont L, Iotsova V, Lagrou C, Stehelin D, Coll J, Curgy JJ: The H19 TATA-less promoter is efficiently repressed by wild-type tumor suppressor gene product p53. Oncogene. 1998, 16 (18): 2395-2401.PubMedCrossRef Dugimont T, Montpellier C, Adriaenssens E, Lottin S, Dumont L, Iotsova V, Lagrou C, Stehelin D, Coll J, Curgy JJ: The H19 TATA-less promoter is efficiently repressed by wild-type tumor suppressor gene product p53. Oncogene. 1998, 16 (18): 2395-2401.PubMedCrossRef
101.
go back to reference Farnebo M, Bykov VJ, Wiman KG: The p53 tumor suppressor: a master regulator of diverse cellular processes and therapeutic target in cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010, 396 (1): 85-89.PubMedCrossRef Farnebo M, Bykov VJ, Wiman KG: The p53 tumor suppressor: a master regulator of diverse cellular processes and therapeutic target in cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010, 396 (1): 85-89.PubMedCrossRef
103.
go back to reference Tsang WP, Ng EK, Ng SS, Jin H, Yu J, Sung JJ, Kwok TT: Oncofetal H19-derived miR-675 regulates tumor suppressor RB in human colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2010, 31 (3): 350-358.PubMedCrossRef Tsang WP, Ng EK, Ng SS, Jin H, Yu J, Sung JJ, Kwok TT: Oncofetal H19-derived miR-675 regulates tumor suppressor RB in human colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2010, 31 (3): 350-358.PubMedCrossRef
104.
go back to reference Yoshimizu T, Miroglio A, Ripoche MA, Gabory A, Vernucci M, Riccio A, Colnot S, Godard C, Terris B, Jammes H: The H19 locus acts in vivo as a tumor suppressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105 (34): 12417-12422.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Yoshimizu T, Miroglio A, Ripoche MA, Gabory A, Vernucci M, Riccio A, Colnot S, Godard C, Terris B, Jammes H: The H19 locus acts in vivo as a tumor suppressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105 (34): 12417-12422.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
105.
go back to reference Hao Y, Crenshaw T, Moulton T, Newcomb E, Tycko B: Tumour-suppressor activity of H19 RNA. Nature. 1993, 365 (6448): 764-767.PubMedCrossRef Hao Y, Crenshaw T, Moulton T, Newcomb E, Tycko B: Tumour-suppressor activity of H19 RNA. Nature. 1993, 365 (6448): 764-767.PubMedCrossRef
106.
go back to reference Colnot S, Niwa-Kawakita M, Hamard G, Godard C, Le Plenier S, Houbron C, Romagnolo B, Berrebi D, Giovannini M, Perret C: Colorectal cancers in a new mouse model of familial adenomatous polyposis: influence of genetic and environmental modifiers. Lab Invest. 2004, 84 (12): 1619-1630.PubMedCrossRef Colnot S, Niwa-Kawakita M, Hamard G, Godard C, Le Plenier S, Houbron C, Romagnolo B, Berrebi D, Giovannini M, Perret C: Colorectal cancers in a new mouse model of familial adenomatous polyposis: influence of genetic and environmental modifiers. Lab Invest. 2004, 84 (12): 1619-1630.PubMedCrossRef
107.
go back to reference Leighton PA, Saam JR, Ingram RS, Stewart CL, Tilghman SM: An enhancer deletion affects both H19 and Igf2 expression. Genes Dev. 1995, 9 (17): 2079-2089.PubMedCrossRef Leighton PA, Saam JR, Ingram RS, Stewart CL, Tilghman SM: An enhancer deletion affects both H19 and Igf2 expression. Genes Dev. 1995, 9 (17): 2079-2089.PubMedCrossRef
108.
go back to reference Kanduri C, Whitehead J, Mohammad F: The long and the short of it: RNA-directed chromatin asymmetry in mammalian X-chromosome inactivation. FEBS Lett. 2009, 583 (5): 857-864.PubMedCrossRef Kanduri C, Whitehead J, Mohammad F: The long and the short of it: RNA-directed chromatin asymmetry in mammalian X-chromosome inactivation. FEBS Lett. 2009, 583 (5): 857-864.PubMedCrossRef
109.
go back to reference Leeb M, Steffen PA, Wutz A: X chromosome inactivation sparked by non-coding RNAs. RNA Biol. 2009, 6 (2): 94-99.PubMedCrossRef Leeb M, Steffen PA, Wutz A: X chromosome inactivation sparked by non-coding RNAs. RNA Biol. 2009, 6 (2): 94-99.PubMedCrossRef
110.
go back to reference Payer B, Lee JT: X chromosome dosage compensation: how mammals keep the balance. Annu Rev Genet. 2008, 42: 733-772.PubMedCrossRef Payer B, Lee JT: X chromosome dosage compensation: how mammals keep the balance. Annu Rev Genet. 2008, 42: 733-772.PubMedCrossRef
111.
go back to reference Kay GF, Barton SC, Surani MA, Rastan S: Imprinting and X chromosome counting mechanisms determine Xist expression in early mouse development. Cell. 1994, 77 (5): 639-650.PubMedCrossRef Kay GF, Barton SC, Surani MA, Rastan S: Imprinting and X chromosome counting mechanisms determine Xist expression in early mouse development. Cell. 1994, 77 (5): 639-650.PubMedCrossRef
112.
go back to reference Lee JT, Davidow LS, Warshawsky D: Tsix, a gene antisense to Xist at the X-inactivation centre. Nat Genet. 1999, 21 (4): 400-404.PubMedCrossRef Lee JT, Davidow LS, Warshawsky D: Tsix, a gene antisense to Xist at the X-inactivation centre. Nat Genet. 1999, 21 (4): 400-404.PubMedCrossRef
114.
go back to reference Chureau C, Chantalat S, Romito A, Galvani A, Duret L, Avner P, Rougeulle C: Ftx is a non-coding RNA which affects Xist expression and chromatin structure within the X-inactivation center region. Hum Mol Genet. 2010, Chureau C, Chantalat S, Romito A, Galvani A, Duret L, Avner P, Rougeulle C: Ftx is a non-coding RNA which affects Xist expression and chromatin structure within the X-inactivation center region. Hum Mol Genet. 2010,
115.
go back to reference Ogawa Y, Lee JT: Xite, X-inactivation intergenic transcription elements that regulate the probability of choice. Mol Cell. 2003, 11 (3): 731-743.PubMedCrossRef Ogawa Y, Lee JT: Xite, X-inactivation intergenic transcription elements that regulate the probability of choice. Mol Cell. 2003, 11 (3): 731-743.PubMedCrossRef
117.
go back to reference Migeon BR: Is Tsix repression of Xist specific to mouse?. Nat Genet. 2003, 33 (3): 337; author reply 337-338. 10.1038/ng0303-337a.CrossRef Migeon BR: Is Tsix repression of Xist specific to mouse?. Nat Genet. 2003, 33 (3): 337; author reply 337-338. 10.1038/ng0303-337a.CrossRef
118.
go back to reference Huang KC, Rao PH, Lau CC, Heard E, Ng SK, Brown C, Mok SC, Berkowitz RS, Ng SW: Relationship of XIST expression and responses of ovarian cancer to chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2002, 1 (10): 769-776.PubMed Huang KC, Rao PH, Lau CC, Heard E, Ng SK, Brown C, Mok SC, Berkowitz RS, Ng SW: Relationship of XIST expression and responses of ovarian cancer to chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2002, 1 (10): 769-776.PubMed
119.
go back to reference Wutz A, Jaenisch R: A shift from reversible to irreversible X inactivation is triggered during ES cell differentiation. Mol Cell. 2000, 5 (4): 695-705.PubMedCrossRef Wutz A, Jaenisch R: A shift from reversible to irreversible X inactivation is triggered during ES cell differentiation. Mol Cell. 2000, 5 (4): 695-705.PubMedCrossRef
120.
go back to reference Brown CJ, Willard HF: The human X-inactivation centre is not required for maintenance of X-chromosome inactivation. Nature. 1994, 368 (6467): 154-156.PubMedCrossRef Brown CJ, Willard HF: The human X-inactivation centre is not required for maintenance of X-chromosome inactivation. Nature. 1994, 368 (6467): 154-156.PubMedCrossRef
121.
go back to reference Vincent-Salomon A, Ganem-Elbaz C, Manie E, Raynal V, Sastre-Garau X, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Stern MH, Heard E: X inactive-specific transcript RNA coating and genetic instability of the X chromosome in BRCA1 breast tumors. Cancer Res. 2007, 67 (11): 5134-5140.PubMedCrossRef Vincent-Salomon A, Ganem-Elbaz C, Manie E, Raynal V, Sastre-Garau X, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Stern MH, Heard E: X inactive-specific transcript RNA coating and genetic instability of the X chromosome in BRCA1 breast tumors. Cancer Res. 2007, 67 (11): 5134-5140.PubMedCrossRef
122.
go back to reference Sirchia SM, Tabano S, Monti L, Recalcati MP, Gariboldi M, Grati FR, Porta G, Finelli P, Radice P, Miozzo M: Misbehaviour of XIST RNA in breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 2009, 4 (5): e5559.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Sirchia SM, Tabano S, Monti L, Recalcati MP, Gariboldi M, Grati FR, Porta G, Finelli P, Radice P, Miozzo M: Misbehaviour of XIST RNA in breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 2009, 4 (5): e5559.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
123.
go back to reference Sirchia SM, Ramoscelli L, Grati FR, Barbera F, Coradini D, Rossella F, Porta G, Lesma E, Ruggeri A, Radice P: Loss of the inactive X chromosome and replication of the active X in BRCA1-defective and wild-type breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2005, 65 (6): 2139-2146.PubMedCrossRef Sirchia SM, Ramoscelli L, Grati FR, Barbera F, Coradini D, Rossella F, Porta G, Lesma E, Ruggeri A, Radice P: Loss of the inactive X chromosome and replication of the active X in BRCA1-defective and wild-type breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2005, 65 (6): 2139-2146.PubMedCrossRef
124.
go back to reference Pageau GJ, Hall LL, Ganesan S, Livingston DM, Lawrence JB: The disappearing Barr body in breast and ovarian cancers. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007, 7 (8): 628-633.PubMedCrossRef Pageau GJ, Hall LL, Ganesan S, Livingston DM, Lawrence JB: The disappearing Barr body in breast and ovarian cancers. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007, 7 (8): 628-633.PubMedCrossRef
125.
go back to reference Tchieu J, Kuoy E, Chin MH, Trinh H, Patterson M, Sherman SP, Aimiuwu O, Lindgren A, Hakimian S, Zack JA: Female human iPSCs retain an inactive X chromosome. Cell Stem Cell. 2010, 7 (3): 329-342.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tchieu J, Kuoy E, Chin MH, Trinh H, Patterson M, Sherman SP, Aimiuwu O, Lindgren A, Hakimian S, Zack JA: Female human iPSCs retain an inactive X chromosome. Cell Stem Cell. 2010, 7 (3): 329-342.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
126.
go back to reference Silva SS, Rowntree RK, Mekhoubad S, Lee JT: X-chromosome inactivation and epigenetic fluidity in human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105 (12): 4820-4825.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Silva SS, Rowntree RK, Mekhoubad S, Lee JT: X-chromosome inactivation and epigenetic fluidity in human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105 (12): 4820-4825.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
127.
go back to reference Carrel L, Willard HF: X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females. Nature. 2005, 434 (7031): 400-404.PubMedCrossRef Carrel L, Willard HF: X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females. Nature. 2005, 434 (7031): 400-404.PubMedCrossRef
128.
go back to reference Tsai MC, Manor O, Wan Y, Mosammaparast N, Wang JK, Lan F, Shi Y, Segal E, Chang HY: Long noncoding RNA as modular scaffold of histone modification complexes. Science. 2010, 329 (5992): 689-693.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tsai MC, Manor O, Wan Y, Mosammaparast N, Wang JK, Lan F, Shi Y, Segal E, Chang HY: Long noncoding RNA as modular scaffold of histone modification complexes. Science. 2010, 329 (5992): 689-693.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
129.
go back to reference Simon JA, Kingston RE: Mechanisms of polycomb gene silencing: knowns and unknowns. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009, 10 (10): 697-708.PubMedCrossRef Simon JA, Kingston RE: Mechanisms of polycomb gene silencing: knowns and unknowns. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009, 10 (10): 697-708.PubMedCrossRef
130.
go back to reference Morey L, Helin K: Polycomb group protein-mediated repression of transcription. Trends Biochem Sci. 2010, 35 (6): 323-332.PubMedCrossRef Morey L, Helin K: Polycomb group protein-mediated repression of transcription. Trends Biochem Sci. 2010, 35 (6): 323-332.PubMedCrossRef
131.
go back to reference Zhao J, Ohsumi TK, Kung JT, Ogawa Y, Grau DJ, Sarma K, Song JJ, Kingston RE, Borowsky M, Lee JT: Genome-wide Identification of Polycomb-Associated RNAs by RIP-seq. Mol Cell. 2010, 40 (6): 939-953.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zhao J, Ohsumi TK, Kung JT, Ogawa Y, Grau DJ, Sarma K, Song JJ, Kingston RE, Borowsky M, Lee JT: Genome-wide Identification of Polycomb-Associated RNAs by RIP-seq. Mol Cell. 2010, 40 (6): 939-953.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
132.
go back to reference Zhang Z, Jones A, Sun CW, Li C, Chang CW, Joo HY, Dai Q, Mysliwiec MR, Wu LC, Guo Y: PRC2 Complexes with JARID2, and esPRC2p48 in ES Cells to Modulate ES Cell Pluripotency and Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cells. 2010, Zhang Z, Jones A, Sun CW, Li C, Chang CW, Joo HY, Dai Q, Mysliwiec MR, Wu LC, Guo Y: PRC2 Complexes with JARID2, and esPRC2p48 in ES Cells to Modulate ES Cell Pluripotency and Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cells. 2010,
133.
go back to reference Simon JA, Lange CA: Roles of the EZH2 histone methyltransferase in cancer epigenetics. Mutat Res. 2008, 647 (1-2): 21-29.PubMedCrossRef Simon JA, Lange CA: Roles of the EZH2 histone methyltransferase in cancer epigenetics. Mutat Res. 2008, 647 (1-2): 21-29.PubMedCrossRef
134.
go back to reference Hayami S, Kelly JD, Cho HS, Yoshimatsu M, Unoki M, Tsunoda T, Field HI, Neal DE, Yamaue H, Ponder BA: Overexpression of LSD1 contributes to human carcinogenesis through chromatin regulation in various cancers. Int J Cancer. 2011, 128 (3): 574-586.PubMedCrossRef Hayami S, Kelly JD, Cho HS, Yoshimatsu M, Unoki M, Tsunoda T, Field HI, Neal DE, Yamaue H, Ponder BA: Overexpression of LSD1 contributes to human carcinogenesis through chromatin regulation in various cancers. Int J Cancer. 2011, 128 (3): 574-586.PubMedCrossRef
135.
go back to reference Ji P, Diederichs S, Wang W, Boing S, Metzger R, Schneider PM, Tidow N, Brandt B, Buerger H, Bulk E: MALAT-1, a novel noncoding RNA, and thymosin beta4 predict metastasis and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene. 2003, 22 (39): 8031-8041.PubMedCrossRef Ji P, Diederichs S, Wang W, Boing S, Metzger R, Schneider PM, Tidow N, Brandt B, Buerger H, Bulk E: MALAT-1, a novel noncoding RNA, and thymosin beta4 predict metastasis and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene. 2003, 22 (39): 8031-8041.PubMedCrossRef
136.
go back to reference Hutchinson JN, Ensminger AW, Clemson CM, Lynch CR, Lawrence JB, Chess A: A screen for nuclear transcripts identifies two linked noncoding RNAs associated with SC35 splicing domains. BMC Genomics. 2007, 8: 39.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hutchinson JN, Ensminger AW, Clemson CM, Lynch CR, Lawrence JB, Chess A: A screen for nuclear transcripts identifies two linked noncoding RNAs associated with SC35 splicing domains. BMC Genomics. 2007, 8: 39.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
137.
go back to reference Yamada K, Kano J, Tsunoda H, Yoshikawa H, Okubo C, Ishiyama T, Noguchi M: Phenotypic characterization of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus. Cancer Sci. 2006, 97 (2): 106-112.PubMedCrossRef Yamada K, Kano J, Tsunoda H, Yoshikawa H, Okubo C, Ishiyama T, Noguchi M: Phenotypic characterization of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus. Cancer Sci. 2006, 97 (2): 106-112.PubMedCrossRef
138.
go back to reference Lin R, Maeda S, Liu C, Karin M, Edgington TS: A large noncoding RNA is a marker for murine hepatocellular carcinomas and a spectrum of human carcinomas. Oncogene. 2007, 26 (6): 851-858.PubMedCrossRef Lin R, Maeda S, Liu C, Karin M, Edgington TS: A large noncoding RNA is a marker for murine hepatocellular carcinomas and a spectrum of human carcinomas. Oncogene. 2007, 26 (6): 851-858.PubMedCrossRef
139.
go back to reference Luo JH, Ren B, Keryanov S, Tseng GC, Rao UN, Monga SP, Strom S, Demetris AJ, Nalesnik M, Yu YP: Transcriptomic and genomic analysis of human hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoblastomas. Hepatology. 2006, 44 (4): 1012-1024.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Luo JH, Ren B, Keryanov S, Tseng GC, Rao UN, Monga SP, Strom S, Demetris AJ, Nalesnik M, Yu YP: Transcriptomic and genomic analysis of human hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoblastomas. Hepatology. 2006, 44 (4): 1012-1024.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
140.
go back to reference Davis IJ, Hsi BL, Arroyo JD, Vargas SO, Yeh YA, Motyckova G, Valencia P, Perez-Atayde AR, Argani P, Ladanyi M: Cloning of an Alpha-TFEB fusion in renal tumors harboring the t(6;11)(p21;q13) chromosome translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100 (10): 6051-6056.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Davis IJ, Hsi BL, Arroyo JD, Vargas SO, Yeh YA, Motyckova G, Valencia P, Perez-Atayde AR, Argani P, Ladanyi M: Cloning of an Alpha-TFEB fusion in renal tumors harboring the t(6;11)(p21;q13) chromosome translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100 (10): 6051-6056.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
141.
go back to reference Kuiper RP, Schepens M, Thijssen J, van Asseldonk M, van den Berg E, Bridge J, Schuuring E, Schoenmakers EF, van Kessel AG: Upregulation of the transcription factor TFEB in t(6;11)(p21;q13)-positive renal cell carcinomas due to promoter substitution. Hum Mol Genet. 2003, 12 (14): 1661-1669.PubMedCrossRef Kuiper RP, Schepens M, Thijssen J, van Asseldonk M, van den Berg E, Bridge J, Schuuring E, Schoenmakers EF, van Kessel AG: Upregulation of the transcription factor TFEB in t(6;11)(p21;q13)-positive renal cell carcinomas due to promoter substitution. Hum Mol Genet. 2003, 12 (14): 1661-1669.PubMedCrossRef
142.
go back to reference Rajaram V, Knezevich S, Bove KE, Perry A, Pfeifer JD: DNA sequence of the translocation breakpoints in undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma arising in mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver harboring the t(11;19)(q11;q13.4) translocation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2007, 46 (5): 508-513.PubMedCrossRef Rajaram V, Knezevich S, Bove KE, Perry A, Pfeifer JD: DNA sequence of the translocation breakpoints in undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma arising in mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver harboring the t(11;19)(q11;q13.4) translocation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2007, 46 (5): 508-513.PubMedCrossRef
143.
go back to reference Wilusz JE, Freier SM, Spector DL: 3' end processing of a long nuclear-retained noncoding RNA yields a tRNA-like cytoplasmic RNA. Cell. 2008, 135 (5): 919-932.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Wilusz JE, Freier SM, Spector DL: 3' end processing of a long nuclear-retained noncoding RNA yields a tRNA-like cytoplasmic RNA. Cell. 2008, 135 (5): 919-932.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
144.
go back to reference Kapranov P, Cheng J, Dike S, Nix DA, Duttagupta R, Willingham AT, Stadler PF, Hertel J, Hackermuller J, Hofacker IL: RNA maps reveal new RNA classes and a possible function for pervasive transcription. Science. 2007, 316 (5830): 1484-1488.PubMedCrossRef Kapranov P, Cheng J, Dike S, Nix DA, Duttagupta R, Willingham AT, Stadler PF, Hertel J, Hackermuller J, Hofacker IL: RNA maps reveal new RNA classes and a possible function for pervasive transcription. Science. 2007, 316 (5830): 1484-1488.PubMedCrossRef
145.
go back to reference Mercer TR, Wilhelm D, Dinger ME, Solda G, Korbie DJ, Glazov EA, Truong V, Schwenke M, Simons C, Matthaei KI: Expression of distinct RNAs from 3' untranslated regions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010, Mercer TR, Wilhelm D, Dinger ME, Solda G, Korbie DJ, Glazov EA, Truong V, Schwenke M, Simons C, Matthaei KI: Expression of distinct RNAs from 3' untranslated regions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010,
146.
go back to reference Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Bracken CP, Kolle G, Szubert JM, Korbie DJ, Askarian-Amiri ME, Gardiner BB, Goodall GJ, Grimmond SM: Regulated post-transcriptional RNA cleavage diversifies the eukaryotic transcriptome. Genome Res. 2010, 20 (12): 1639-1650.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Bracken CP, Kolle G, Szubert JM, Korbie DJ, Askarian-Amiri ME, Gardiner BB, Goodall GJ, Grimmond SM: Regulated post-transcriptional RNA cleavage diversifies the eukaryotic transcriptome. Genome Res. 2010, 20 (12): 1639-1650.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
147.
go back to reference Ni T, Corcoran DL, Rach EA, Song S, Spana EP, Gao Y, Ohler U, Zhu J: A paired-end sequencing strategy to map the complex landscape of transcription initiation. Nat Methods. 2010, 7 (7): 521-527.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Ni T, Corcoran DL, Rach EA, Song S, Spana EP, Gao Y, Ohler U, Zhu J: A paired-end sequencing strategy to map the complex landscape of transcription initiation. Nat Methods. 2010, 7 (7): 521-527.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
148.
go back to reference Otsuka Y, Kedersha NL, Schoenberg DR: Identification of a cytoplasmic complex that adds a cap onto 5'-monophosphate RNA. Mol Cell Biol. 2009, 29 (8): 2155-2167.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Otsuka Y, Kedersha NL, Schoenberg DR: Identification of a cytoplasmic complex that adds a cap onto 5'-monophosphate RNA. Mol Cell Biol. 2009, 29 (8): 2155-2167.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
149.
go back to reference Post-transcriptional processing generates a diversity of 5'-modified long and short RNAs. Nature. 2009, 457 (7232): 1028-1032. Post-transcriptional processing generates a diversity of 5'-modified long and short RNAs. Nature. 2009, 457 (7232): 1028-1032.
150.
go back to reference Bernard D, Prasanth KV, Tripathi V, Colasse S, Nakamura T, Xuan Z, Zhang MQ, Sedel F, Jourdren L, Coulpier F: A long nuclear-retained non-coding RNA regulates synaptogenesis by modulating gene expression. EMBO J. 2010, 29 (18): 3082-3093.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bernard D, Prasanth KV, Tripathi V, Colasse S, Nakamura T, Xuan Z, Zhang MQ, Sedel F, Jourdren L, Coulpier F: A long nuclear-retained non-coding RNA regulates synaptogenesis by modulating gene expression. EMBO J. 2010, 29 (18): 3082-3093.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
151.
go back to reference Tano K, Mizuno R, Okada T, Rakwal R, Shibato J, Masuo Y, Ijiri K, Akimitsu N: MALAT-1 enhances cell motility of lung adenocarcinoma cells by influencing the expression of motility-related genes. FEBS Lett. 2010, 584 (22): 4575-4580.PubMedCrossRef Tano K, Mizuno R, Okada T, Rakwal R, Shibato J, Masuo Y, Ijiri K, Akimitsu N: MALAT-1 enhances cell motility of lung adenocarcinoma cells by influencing the expression of motility-related genes. FEBS Lett. 2010, 584 (22): 4575-4580.PubMedCrossRef
152.
go back to reference Guo F, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Li G: Inhibition of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 in CaSki human cervical cancer cells suppresses cell proliferation and invasion. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2010, 42 (3): 224-229.CrossRef Guo F, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Li G: Inhibition of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 in CaSki human cervical cancer cells suppresses cell proliferation and invasion. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2010, 42 (3): 224-229.CrossRef
153.
go back to reference Eis PS, Tam W, Sun L, Chadburn A, Li Z, Gomez MF, Lund E, Dahlberg JE: Accumulation of miR-155 and BIC RNA in human B cell lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005, 102 (10): 3627-3632.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Eis PS, Tam W, Sun L, Chadburn A, Li Z, Gomez MF, Lund E, Dahlberg JE: Accumulation of miR-155 and BIC RNA in human B cell lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005, 102 (10): 3627-3632.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
154.
go back to reference Mestdagh P, Bostrom AK, Impens F, Fredlund E, Van Peer G, De Antonellis P, von Stedingk K, Ghesquiere B, Schulte S, Dews M: The miR-17-92 microRNA cluster regulates multiple components of the TGF-beta pathway in neuroblastoma. Mol Cell. 2010, 40 (5): 762-773.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Mestdagh P, Bostrom AK, Impens F, Fredlund E, Van Peer G, De Antonellis P, von Stedingk K, Ghesquiere B, Schulte S, Dews M: The miR-17-92 microRNA cluster regulates multiple components of the TGF-beta pathway in neuroblastoma. Mol Cell. 2010, 40 (5): 762-773.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
156.
go back to reference Miyoshi N, Wagatsuma H, Wakana S, Shiroishi T, Nomura M, Aisaka K, Kohda T, Surani MA, Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F: Identification of an imprinted gene, Meg3/Gtl2 and its human homologue MEG3, first mapped on mouse distal chromosome 12 and human chromosome 14q. Genes Cells. 2000, 5 (3): 211-220.PubMedCrossRef Miyoshi N, Wagatsuma H, Wakana S, Shiroishi T, Nomura M, Aisaka K, Kohda T, Surani MA, Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F: Identification of an imprinted gene, Meg3/Gtl2 and its human homologue MEG3, first mapped on mouse distal chromosome 12 and human chromosome 14q. Genes Cells. 2000, 5 (3): 211-220.PubMedCrossRef
157.
go back to reference Zhang X, Zhou Y, Mehta KR, Danila DC, Scolavino S, Johnson SR, Klibanski A: A pituitary-derived MEG3 isoform functions as a growth suppressor in tumor cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003, 88 (11): 5119-5126.PubMedCrossRef Zhang X, Zhou Y, Mehta KR, Danila DC, Scolavino S, Johnson SR, Klibanski A: A pituitary-derived MEG3 isoform functions as a growth suppressor in tumor cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003, 88 (11): 5119-5126.PubMedCrossRef
158.
go back to reference Zhang X, Rice K, Wang Y, Chen W, Zhong Y, Nakayama Y, Zhou Y, Klibanski A: Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) noncoding ribonucleic acid: isoform structure, expression, and functions. Endocrinology. 2010, 151 (3): 939-947.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zhang X, Rice K, Wang Y, Chen W, Zhong Y, Nakayama Y, Zhou Y, Klibanski A: Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) noncoding ribonucleic acid: isoform structure, expression, and functions. Endocrinology. 2010, 151 (3): 939-947.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
159.
go back to reference Hagan JP, O'Neill BL, Stewart CL, Kozlov SV, Croce CM: At least ten genes define the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 cluster on mouse chromosome 12qF1. PLoS One. 2009, 4 (2): e4352.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hagan JP, O'Neill BL, Stewart CL, Kozlov SV, Croce CM: At least ten genes define the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 cluster on mouse chromosome 12qF1. PLoS One. 2009, 4 (2): e4352.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
160.
go back to reference Schuster-Gossler K, Bilinski P, Sado T, Ferguson-Smith A, Gossler A: The mouse Gtl2 gene is differentially expressed during embryonic development, encodes multiple alternatively spliced transcripts, and may act as an RNA. Dev Dyn. 1998, 212 (2): 214-228.PubMedCrossRef Schuster-Gossler K, Bilinski P, Sado T, Ferguson-Smith A, Gossler A: The mouse Gtl2 gene is differentially expressed during embryonic development, encodes multiple alternatively spliced transcripts, and may act as an RNA. Dev Dyn. 1998, 212 (2): 214-228.PubMedCrossRef
161.
162.
go back to reference Zhou Y, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Batista DL, Gejman R, Ansell PJ, Zhao J, Weng C, Klibanski A: Activation of p53 by MEG3 non-coding RNA. J Biol Chem. 2007, 282 (34): 24731-24742.PubMedCrossRef Zhou Y, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Batista DL, Gejman R, Ansell PJ, Zhao J, Weng C, Klibanski A: Activation of p53 by MEG3 non-coding RNA. J Biol Chem. 2007, 282 (34): 24731-24742.PubMedCrossRef
163.
go back to reference Pang KC, Frith MC, Mattick JS: Rapid evolution of noncoding RNAs: lack of conservation does not mean lack of function. Trends Genet. 2006, 22 (1): 1-5.PubMedCrossRef Pang KC, Frith MC, Mattick JS: Rapid evolution of noncoding RNAs: lack of conservation does not mean lack of function. Trends Genet. 2006, 22 (1): 1-5.PubMedCrossRef
164.
go back to reference Huarte M, Guttman M, Feldser D, Garber M, Koziol MJ, Kenzelmann-Broz D, Khalil AM, Zuk O, Amit I, Rabani M: A large intergenic noncoding RNA induced by p53 mediates global gene repression in the p53 response. Cell. 2010, 142 (3): 409-419.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Huarte M, Guttman M, Feldser D, Garber M, Koziol MJ, Kenzelmann-Broz D, Khalil AM, Zuk O, Amit I, Rabani M: A large intergenic noncoding RNA induced by p53 mediates global gene repression in the p53 response. Cell. 2010, 142 (3): 409-419.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
165.
go back to reference Zhang L, Huang J, Yang N, Greshock J, Megraw MS, Giannakakis A, Liang S, Naylor TL, Barchetti A, Ward MR: microRNAs exhibit high frequency genomic alterations in human cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103 (24): 9136-9141.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zhang L, Huang J, Yang N, Greshock J, Megraw MS, Giannakakis A, Liang S, Naylor TL, Barchetti A, Ward MR: microRNAs exhibit high frequency genomic alterations in human cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103 (24): 9136-9141.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
166.
go back to reference Calin GA, Sevignani C, Dumitru CD, Hyslop T, Noch E, Yendamuri S, Shimizu M, Rattan S, Bullrich F, Negrini M: Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004, 101 (9): 2999-3004.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Calin GA, Sevignani C, Dumitru CD, Hyslop T, Noch E, Yendamuri S, Shimizu M, Rattan S, Bullrich F, Negrini M: Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004, 101 (9): 2999-3004.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
167.
go back to reference Weber B, Stresemann C, Brueckner B, Lyko F: Methylation of human microRNA genes in normal and neoplastic cells. Cell Cycle. 2007, 6 (9): 1001-1005.PubMedCrossRef Weber B, Stresemann C, Brueckner B, Lyko F: Methylation of human microRNA genes in normal and neoplastic cells. Cell Cycle. 2007, 6 (9): 1001-1005.PubMedCrossRef
168.
go back to reference Lehmann U, Hasemeier B, Christgen M, Muller M, Romermann D, Langer F, Kreipe H: Epigenetic inactivation of microRNA gene hsa-mir-9-1 in human breast cancer. J Pathol. 2008, 214 (1): 17-24.PubMedCrossRef Lehmann U, Hasemeier B, Christgen M, Muller M, Romermann D, Langer F, Kreipe H: Epigenetic inactivation of microRNA gene hsa-mir-9-1 in human breast cancer. J Pathol. 2008, 214 (1): 17-24.PubMedCrossRef
169.
go back to reference Ebert MS, Neilson JR, Sharp PA: MicroRNA sponges: competitive inhibitors of small RNAs in mammalian cells. Nat Methods. 2007, 4 (9): 721-726.PubMedCrossRef Ebert MS, Neilson JR, Sharp PA: MicroRNA sponges: competitive inhibitors of small RNAs in mammalian cells. Nat Methods. 2007, 4 (9): 721-726.PubMedCrossRef
170.
go back to reference Panzitt K, Tschernatsch MM, Guelly C, Moustafa T, Stradner M, Strohmaier HM, Buck CR, Denk H, Schroeder R, Trauner M: Characterization of HULC, a novel gene with striking up-regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma, as noncoding RNA. Gastroenterology. 2007, 132 (1): 330-342.PubMedCrossRef Panzitt K, Tschernatsch MM, Guelly C, Moustafa T, Stradner M, Strohmaier HM, Buck CR, Denk H, Schroeder R, Trauner M: Characterization of HULC, a novel gene with striking up-regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma, as noncoding RNA. Gastroenterology. 2007, 132 (1): 330-342.PubMedCrossRef
171.
go back to reference Matouk IJ, Abbasi I, Hochberg A, Galun E, Dweik H, Akkawi M: Highly upregulated in liver cancer noncoding RNA is overexpressed in hepatic colorectal metastasis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009, 21 (6): 688-692.PubMedCrossRef Matouk IJ, Abbasi I, Hochberg A, Galun E, Dweik H, Akkawi M: Highly upregulated in liver cancer noncoding RNA is overexpressed in hepatic colorectal metastasis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009, 21 (6): 688-692.PubMedCrossRef
172.
go back to reference Wang J, Liu X, Wu H, Ni P, Gu Z, Qiao Y, Chen N, Sun F, Fan Q: CREB up-regulates long non-coding RNA, HULC expression through interaction with microRNA-372 in liver cancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010, 38 (16): 5366-5383.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Wang J, Liu X, Wu H, Ni P, Gu Z, Qiao Y, Chen N, Sun F, Fan Q: CREB up-regulates long non-coding RNA, HULC expression through interaction with microRNA-372 in liver cancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010, 38 (16): 5366-5383.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
173.
go back to reference Poliseno L, Salmena L, Zhang J, Carver B, Haveman WJ, Pandolfi PP: A coding-independent function of gene and pseudogene mRNAs regulates tumour biology. Nature. 2010, 465 (7301): 1033-1038.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Poliseno L, Salmena L, Zhang J, Carver B, Haveman WJ, Pandolfi PP: A coding-independent function of gene and pseudogene mRNAs regulates tumour biology. Nature. 2010, 465 (7301): 1033-1038.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
174.
go back to reference Alimonti A, Carracedo A, Clohessy JG, Trotman LC, Nardella C, Egia A, Salmena L, Sampieri K, Haveman WJ, Brogi E: Subtle variations in Pten dose determine cancer susceptibility. Nat Genet. 2010, 42 (5): 454-458.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Alimonti A, Carracedo A, Clohessy JG, Trotman LC, Nardella C, Egia A, Salmena L, Sampieri K, Haveman WJ, Brogi E: Subtle variations in Pten dose determine cancer susceptibility. Nat Genet. 2010, 42 (5): 454-458.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
175.
go back to reference Yu W, Gius D, Onyango P, Muldoon-Jacobs K, Karp J, Feinberg AP, Cui H: Epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressor gene p15 by its antisense RNA. Nature. 2008, 451 (7175): 202-206.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Yu W, Gius D, Onyango P, Muldoon-Jacobs K, Karp J, Feinberg AP, Cui H: Epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressor gene p15 by its antisense RNA. Nature. 2008, 451 (7175): 202-206.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
176.
go back to reference Folkersen L, Kyriakou T, Goel A, Peden J, Malarstig A, Paulsson-Berne G, Hamsten A, Hugh W, Franco-Cereceda A, Gabrielsen A: Relationship between CAD risk genotype in the chromosome 9p21 locus and gene expression. Identification of eight new ANRIL splice variants. PLoS One. 2009, 4 (11): e7677.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Folkersen L, Kyriakou T, Goel A, Peden J, Malarstig A, Paulsson-Berne G, Hamsten A, Hugh W, Franco-Cereceda A, Gabrielsen A: Relationship between CAD risk genotype in the chromosome 9p21 locus and gene expression. Identification of eight new ANRIL splice variants. PLoS One. 2009, 4 (11): e7677.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
177.
go back to reference Serrano M, Hannon GJ, Beach D: A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4. Nature. 1993, 366 (6456): 704-707.PubMedCrossRef Serrano M, Hannon GJ, Beach D: A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4. Nature. 1993, 366 (6456): 704-707.PubMedCrossRef
178.
go back to reference Kamb A, Gruis NA, Weaver-Feldhaus J, Liu Q, Harshman K, Tavtigian SV, Stockert E, Day RS, Johnson BE, Skolnick MH: A cell cycle regulator potentially involved in genesis of many tumor types. Science. 1994, 264 (5157): 436-440.PubMedCrossRef Kamb A, Gruis NA, Weaver-Feldhaus J, Liu Q, Harshman K, Tavtigian SV, Stockert E, Day RS, Johnson BE, Skolnick MH: A cell cycle regulator potentially involved in genesis of many tumor types. Science. 1994, 264 (5157): 436-440.PubMedCrossRef
179.
go back to reference Kamijo T, Zindy F, Roussel MF, Quelle DE, Downing JR, Ashmun RA, Grosveld G, Sherr CJ: Tumor suppression at the mouse INK4a locus mediated by the alternative reading frame product p19ARF. Cell. 1997, 91 (5): 649-659.PubMedCrossRef Kamijo T, Zindy F, Roussel MF, Quelle DE, Downing JR, Ashmun RA, Grosveld G, Sherr CJ: Tumor suppression at the mouse INK4a locus mediated by the alternative reading frame product p19ARF. Cell. 1997, 91 (5): 649-659.PubMedCrossRef
180.
go back to reference Jacobs JJ, Kieboom K, Marino S, DePinho RA, van Lohuizen M: The oncogene and Polycomb-group gene bmi-1 regulates cell proliferation and senescence through the ink4a locus. Nature. 1999, 397 (6715): 164-168.PubMedCrossRef Jacobs JJ, Kieboom K, Marino S, DePinho RA, van Lohuizen M: The oncogene and Polycomb-group gene bmi-1 regulates cell proliferation and senescence through the ink4a locus. Nature. 1999, 397 (6715): 164-168.PubMedCrossRef
182.
go back to reference Cunnington MS, Santibanez Koref M, Mayosi BM, Burn J, Keavney B: Chromosome 9p21 SNPs Associated with Multiple Disease Phenotypes Correlate with ANRIL Expression. PLoS Genet. 2010, 6 (4): e1000899.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Cunnington MS, Santibanez Koref M, Mayosi BM, Burn J, Keavney B: Chromosome 9p21 SNPs Associated with Multiple Disease Phenotypes Correlate with ANRIL Expression. PLoS Genet. 2010, 6 (4): e1000899.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
183.
go back to reference Yap KL, Li S, Munoz-Cabello AM, Raguz S, Zeng L, Mujtaba S, Gil J, Walsh MJ, Zhou MM: Molecular interplay of the noncoding RNA ANRIL and methylated histone H3 lysine 27 by polycomb CBX7 in transcriptional silencing of INK4a. Mol Cell. 2010, 38 (5): 662-674.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Yap KL, Li S, Munoz-Cabello AM, Raguz S, Zeng L, Mujtaba S, Gil J, Walsh MJ, Zhou MM: Molecular interplay of the noncoding RNA ANRIL and methylated histone H3 lysine 27 by polycomb CBX7 in transcriptional silencing of INK4a. Mol Cell. 2010, 38 (5): 662-674.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
184.
go back to reference Kotake Y, Nakagawa T, Kitagawa K, Suzuki S, Liu N, Kitagawa M, Xiong Y: Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is required for the PRC2 recruitment to and silencing of p15(INK4B) tumor suppressor gene. Oncogene. 2010, Kotake Y, Nakagawa T, Kitagawa K, Suzuki S, Liu N, Kitagawa M, Xiong Y: Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is required for the PRC2 recruitment to and silencing of p15(INK4B) tumor suppressor gene. Oncogene. 2010,
185.
go back to reference Morris KV, Santoso S, Turner AM, Pastori C, Hawkins PG: Bidirectional transcription directs both transcriptional gene activation and suppression in human cells. PLoS Genet. 2008, 4 (11): e1000258.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Morris KV, Santoso S, Turner AM, Pastori C, Hawkins PG: Bidirectional transcription directs both transcriptional gene activation and suppression in human cells. PLoS Genet. 2008, 4 (11): e1000258.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
186.
go back to reference Szell M, Bata-Csorgo Z, Kemeny L: The enigmatic world of mRNA-like ncRNAs: their role in human evolution and in human diseases. Semin Cancer Biol. 2008, 18 (2): 141-148.PubMedCrossRef Szell M, Bata-Csorgo Z, Kemeny L: The enigmatic world of mRNA-like ncRNAs: their role in human evolution and in human diseases. Semin Cancer Biol. 2008, 18 (2): 141-148.PubMedCrossRef
187.
go back to reference Chung S, Nakagawa H, Uemura M, Piao L, Ashikawa K, Hosono N, Takata R, Akamatsu S, Kawaguchi T, Morizono T: Association of a novel long non-coding RNA in 8q24 with prostate cancer susceptibility. Cancer Sci. 2011, 102 (1): 245-252.PubMedCrossRef Chung S, Nakagawa H, Uemura M, Piao L, Ashikawa K, Hosono N, Takata R, Akamatsu S, Kawaguchi T, Morizono T: Association of a novel long non-coding RNA in 8q24 with prostate cancer susceptibility. Cancer Sci. 2011, 102 (1): 245-252.PubMedCrossRef
188.
go back to reference Petrovics G, Zhang W, Makarem M, Street JP, Connelly R, Sun L, Sesterhenn IA, Srikantan V, Moul JW, Srivastava S: Elevated expression of PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene with cell growth-promoting function, is associated with high-risk prostate cancer patients. Oncogene. 2004, 23 (2): 605-611.PubMedCrossRef Petrovics G, Zhang W, Makarem M, Street JP, Connelly R, Sun L, Sesterhenn IA, Srikantan V, Moul JW, Srivastava S: Elevated expression of PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene with cell growth-promoting function, is associated with high-risk prostate cancer patients. Oncogene. 2004, 23 (2): 605-611.PubMedCrossRef
189.
go back to reference Bussemakers MJ, van Bokhoven A, Verhaegh GW, Smit FP, Karthaus HF, Schalken JA, Debruyne FM, Ru N, Isaacs WB: DD3: a new prostate-specific gene, highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1999, 59 (23): 5975-5979.PubMed Bussemakers MJ, van Bokhoven A, Verhaegh GW, Smit FP, Karthaus HF, Schalken JA, Debruyne FM, Ru N, Isaacs WB: DD3: a new prostate-specific gene, highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1999, 59 (23): 5975-5979.PubMed
190.
go back to reference de Kok JB, Verhaegh GW, Roelofs RW, Hessels D, Kiemeney LA, Aalders TW, Swinkels DW, Schalken JA: DD3(PCA3), a very sensitive and specific marker to detect prostate tumors. Cancer Res. 2002, 62 (9): 2695-2698.PubMed de Kok JB, Verhaegh GW, Roelofs RW, Hessels D, Kiemeney LA, Aalders TW, Swinkels DW, Schalken JA: DD3(PCA3), a very sensitive and specific marker to detect prostate tumors. Cancer Res. 2002, 62 (9): 2695-2698.PubMed
191.
go back to reference Dieci G, Fiorino G, Castelnuovo M, Teichmann M, Pagano A: The expanding RNA polymerase III transcriptome. Trends Genet. 2007, 23 (12): 614-622.PubMedCrossRef Dieci G, Fiorino G, Castelnuovo M, Teichmann M, Pagano A: The expanding RNA polymerase III transcriptome. Trends Genet. 2007, 23 (12): 614-622.PubMedCrossRef
192.
go back to reference White RJ: RNA polymerases I and III, non-coding RNAs and cancer. Trends Genet. 2008, 24 (12): 622-629.PubMedCrossRef White RJ: RNA polymerases I and III, non-coding RNAs and cancer. Trends Genet. 2008, 24 (12): 622-629.PubMedCrossRef
193.
194.
go back to reference Lockwood WW, Chari R, Coe BP, Thu KL, Garnis C, Malloff CA, Campbell J, Williams AC, Hwang D, Zhu CQ: Integrative genomic analyses identify BRF2 as a novel lineage-specific oncogene in lung squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS Med. 2010, 7 (7): e1000315.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Lockwood WW, Chari R, Coe BP, Thu KL, Garnis C, Malloff CA, Campbell J, Williams AC, Hwang D, Zhu CQ: Integrative genomic analyses identify BRF2 as a novel lineage-specific oncogene in lung squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS Med. 2010, 7 (7): e1000315.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
195.
go back to reference Marshall L, White RJ: Non-coding RNA production by RNA polymerase III is implicated in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008, 8 (12): 911-914.PubMedCrossRef Marshall L, White RJ: Non-coding RNA production by RNA polymerase III is implicated in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008, 8 (12): 911-914.PubMedCrossRef
197.
go back to reference Tiedge H, Chen W, Brosius J: Primary structure, neural-specific expression, and dendritic location of human BC200 RNA. J Neurosci. 1993, 13 (6): 2382-2390.PubMed Tiedge H, Chen W, Brosius J: Primary structure, neural-specific expression, and dendritic location of human BC200 RNA. J Neurosci. 1993, 13 (6): 2382-2390.PubMed
198.
go back to reference Martignetti JA, Brosius J: BC200 RNA: a neural RNA polymerase III product encoded by a monomeric Alu element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993, 90 (24): 11563-11567.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Martignetti JA, Brosius J: BC200 RNA: a neural RNA polymerase III product encoded by a monomeric Alu element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993, 90 (24): 11563-11567.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
199.
go back to reference Lin D, Pestova TV, Hellen CU, Tiedge H: Translational control by a small RNA: dendritic BC1 RNA targets the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A helicase mechanism. Mol Cell Biol. 2008, 28 (9): 3008-3019.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Lin D, Pestova TV, Hellen CU, Tiedge H: Translational control by a small RNA: dendritic BC1 RNA targets the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A helicase mechanism. Mol Cell Biol. 2008, 28 (9): 3008-3019.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
200.
go back to reference Calin GA, Liu CG, Ferracin M, Hyslop T, Spizzo R, Sevignani C, Fabbri M, Cimmino A, Lee EJ, Wojcik SE: Ultraconserved regions encoding ncRNAs are altered in human leukemias and carcinomas. Cancer Cell. 2007, 12 (3): 215-229.PubMedCrossRef Calin GA, Liu CG, Ferracin M, Hyslop T, Spizzo R, Sevignani C, Fabbri M, Cimmino A, Lee EJ, Wojcik SE: Ultraconserved regions encoding ncRNAs are altered in human leukemias and carcinomas. Cancer Cell. 2007, 12 (3): 215-229.PubMedCrossRef
201.
go back to reference Katzman S, Kern AD, Bejerano G, Fewell G, Fulton L, Wilson RK, Salama SR, Haussler D: Human genome ultraconserved elements are ultraselected. Science. 2007, 317 (5840): 915.PubMedCrossRef Katzman S, Kern AD, Bejerano G, Fewell G, Fulton L, Wilson RK, Salama SR, Haussler D: Human genome ultraconserved elements are ultraselected. Science. 2007, 317 (5840): 915.PubMedCrossRef
202.
go back to reference Bejerano G, Pheasant M, Makunin I, Stephen S, Kent WJ, Mattick JS, Haussler D: Ultraconserved elements in the human genome. Science. 2004, 304 (5675): 1321-1325.PubMedCrossRef Bejerano G, Pheasant M, Makunin I, Stephen S, Kent WJ, Mattick JS, Haussler D: Ultraconserved elements in the human genome. Science. 2004, 304 (5675): 1321-1325.PubMedCrossRef
203.
go back to reference Braconi C, Valeri N, Kogure T, Gasparini P, Huang N, Nuovo GJ, Terracciano L, Croce CM, Patel T: Expression and functional role of a transcribed noncoding RNA with an ultraconserved element in hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010, Braconi C, Valeri N, Kogure T, Gasparini P, Huang N, Nuovo GJ, Terracciano L, Croce CM, Patel T: Expression and functional role of a transcribed noncoding RNA with an ultraconserved element in hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010,
204.
go back to reference Lujambio A, Portela A, Liz J, Melo SA, Rossi S, Spizzo R, Croce CM, Calin GA, Esteller M: CpG island hypermethylation-associated silencing of non-coding RNAs transcribed from ultraconserved regions in human cancer. Oncogene. 2010, 29 (48): 6390-6401.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Lujambio A, Portela A, Liz J, Melo SA, Rossi S, Spizzo R, Croce CM, Calin GA, Esteller M: CpG island hypermethylation-associated silencing of non-coding RNAs transcribed from ultraconserved regions in human cancer. Oncogene. 2010, 29 (48): 6390-6401.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
206.
go back to reference Scholer N, Langer C, Dohner H, Buske C, Kuchenbauer F: Serum microRNAs as a novel class of biomarkers: a comprehensive review of the literature. Exp Hematol. 2010, 38 (12): 1126-1130.PubMedCrossRef Scholer N, Langer C, Dohner H, Buske C, Kuchenbauer F: Serum microRNAs as a novel class of biomarkers: a comprehensive review of the literature. Exp Hematol. 2010, 38 (12): 1126-1130.PubMedCrossRef
207.
go back to reference Xie Y, Todd NW, Liu Z, Zhan M, Fang H, Peng H, Alattar M, Deepak J, Stass SA, Jiang F: Altered miRNA expression in sputum for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2010, 67 (2): 170-176.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Xie Y, Todd NW, Liu Z, Zhan M, Fang H, Peng H, Alattar M, Deepak J, Stass SA, Jiang F: Altered miRNA expression in sputum for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2010, 67 (2): 170-176.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
208.
go back to reference Xing L, Todd NW, Yu L, Fang H, Jiang F: Early detection of squamous cell lung cancer in sputum by a panel of microRNA markers. Mod Pathol. 2010, 23 (8): 1157-1164.PubMedCrossRef Xing L, Todd NW, Yu L, Fang H, Jiang F: Early detection of squamous cell lung cancer in sputum by a panel of microRNA markers. Mod Pathol. 2010, 23 (8): 1157-1164.PubMedCrossRef
209.
go back to reference Kosaka N, Iguchi H, Ochiya T: Circulating microRNA in body fluid: a new potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer Sci. 2010, 101 (10): 2087-2092.PubMedCrossRef Kosaka N, Iguchi H, Ochiya T: Circulating microRNA in body fluid: a new potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer Sci. 2010, 101 (10): 2087-2092.PubMedCrossRef
210.
go back to reference Hanke M, Hoefig K, Merz H, Feller AC, Kausch I, Jocham D, Warnecke JM, Sczakiel G: A robust methodology to study urine microRNA as tumor marker: microRNA-126 and microRNA-182 are related to urinary bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2010, 28 (6): 655-661.PubMedCrossRef Hanke M, Hoefig K, Merz H, Feller AC, Kausch I, Jocham D, Warnecke JM, Sczakiel G: A robust methodology to study urine microRNA as tumor marker: microRNA-126 and microRNA-182 are related to urinary bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2010, 28 (6): 655-661.PubMedCrossRef
211.
go back to reference Tinzl M, Marberger M, Horvath S, Chypre C: DD3PCA3 RNA analysis in urine--a new perspective for detecting prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2004, 46 (2): 182-186. discussion 187,PubMedCrossRef Tinzl M, Marberger M, Horvath S, Chypre C: DD3PCA3 RNA analysis in urine--a new perspective for detecting prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2004, 46 (2): 182-186. discussion 187,PubMedCrossRef
212.
go back to reference Hessels D, Klein Gunnewiek JM, van Oort I, Karthaus HF, van Leenders GJ, van Balken B, Kiemeney LA, Witjes JA, Schalken JA: DD3(PCA3)-based molecular urine analysis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2003, 44 (1): 8-15. discussion 15-16,PubMedCrossRef Hessels D, Klein Gunnewiek JM, van Oort I, Karthaus HF, van Leenders GJ, van Balken B, Kiemeney LA, Witjes JA, Schalken JA: DD3(PCA3)-based molecular urine analysis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2003, 44 (1): 8-15. discussion 15-16,PubMedCrossRef
213.
go back to reference Costa FF: Non-coding RNAs and new opportunities for the private sector. Drug Discov Today. 2009, 14 (9-10): 446-452.PubMedCrossRef Costa FF: Non-coding RNAs and new opportunities for the private sector. Drug Discov Today. 2009, 14 (9-10): 446-452.PubMedCrossRef
214.
go back to reference Hung T, Chang HY: Long noncoding RNA in genome regulation: Prospects and mechanisms. RNA Biol. 2010, 7 (5): Hung T, Chang HY: Long noncoding RNA in genome regulation: Prospects and mechanisms. RNA Biol. 2010, 7 (5):
216.
go back to reference Smaldone MC, Davies BJ: BC-819, a plasmid comprising the H19 gene regulatory sequences and diphtheria toxin A, for the potential targeted therapy of cancers. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2010, 12 (5): 607-616.PubMed Smaldone MC, Davies BJ: BC-819, a plasmid comprising the H19 gene regulatory sequences and diphtheria toxin A, for the potential targeted therapy of cancers. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2010, 12 (5): 607-616.PubMed
217.
go back to reference Midoux P, Breuzard G, Gomez JP, Pichon C: Polymer-based gene delivery: a current review on the uptake and intracellular trafficking of polyplexes. Curr Gene Ther. 2008, 8 (5): 335-352.PubMedCrossRef Midoux P, Breuzard G, Gomez JP, Pichon C: Polymer-based gene delivery: a current review on the uptake and intracellular trafficking of polyplexes. Curr Gene Ther. 2008, 8 (5): 335-352.PubMedCrossRef
218.
go back to reference Amit D, Hochberg A: Development of targeted therapy for bladder cancer mediated by a double promoter plasmid expressing diphtheria toxin under the control of H19 and IGF2-P4 regulatory sequences. J Transl Med. 2010, 8 (1): 134.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Amit D, Hochberg A: Development of targeted therapy for bladder cancer mediated by a double promoter plasmid expressing diphtheria toxin under the control of H19 and IGF2-P4 regulatory sequences. J Transl Med. 2010, 8 (1): 134.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
219.
go back to reference Ohana P, Gofrit O, Ayesh S, Al-Sharef W, Mizrahi A, Birman T, Schneider T, Matouk I, de Groot N, Tavdy E: Regulatory sequences of the H19 gene in DNA based therapy of bladder cancer. Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology. 2004, 8: 181-192. Ohana P, Gofrit O, Ayesh S, Al-Sharef W, Mizrahi A, Birman T, Schneider T, Matouk I, de Groot N, Tavdy E: Regulatory sequences of the H19 gene in DNA based therapy of bladder cancer. Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology. 2004, 8: 181-192.
220.
go back to reference Scaiewicz V, Sorin V, Fellig Y, Birman T, Mizrahi A, Galula J, Abu-Lail R, Shneider T, Ohana P, Buscail L: Use of H19 Gene Regulatory Sequences in DNA-Based Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. J Oncol. 2010, 2010: 178174.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Scaiewicz V, Sorin V, Fellig Y, Birman T, Mizrahi A, Galula J, Abu-Lail R, Shneider T, Ohana P, Buscail L: Use of H19 Gene Regulatory Sequences in DNA-Based Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. J Oncol. 2010, 2010: 178174.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
221.
go back to reference Mizrahi A, Czerniak A, Levy T, Amiur S, Gallula J, Matouk I, Abu-lail R, Sorin V, Birman T, de Groot N: Development of targeted therapy for ovarian cancer mediated by a plasmid expressing diphtheria toxin under the control of H19 regulatory sequences. J Transl Med. 2009, 7: 69.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Mizrahi A, Czerniak A, Levy T, Amiur S, Gallula J, Matouk I, Abu-lail R, Sorin V, Birman T, de Groot N: Development of targeted therapy for ovarian cancer mediated by a plasmid expressing diphtheria toxin under the control of H19 regulatory sequences. J Transl Med. 2009, 7: 69.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
223.
go back to reference Hannan KM, Hannan RD, Rothblum LI: Transcription by RNA polymerase I. Front Biosci. 1998, 3: d376-398.PubMed Hannan KM, Hannan RD, Rothblum LI: Transcription by RNA polymerase I. Front Biosci. 1998, 3: d376-398.PubMed
224.
go back to reference Stults DM, Killen MW, Pierce HH, Pierce AJ: Genomic architecture and inheritance of human ribosomal RNA gene clusters. Genome Res. 2008, 18 (1): 13-18.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Stults DM, Killen MW, Pierce HH, Pierce AJ: Genomic architecture and inheritance of human ribosomal RNA gene clusters. Genome Res. 2008, 18 (1): 13-18.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
226.
go back to reference Kapranov P, Ozsolak F, Kim SW, Foissac S, Lipson D, Hart C, Roels S, Borel C, Antonarakis SE, Monaghan AP: New class of gene-termini-associated human RNAs suggests a novel RNA copying mechanism. Nature. 2010, 466 (7306): 642-646.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kapranov P, Ozsolak F, Kim SW, Foissac S, Lipson D, Hart C, Roels S, Borel C, Antonarakis SE, Monaghan AP: New class of gene-termini-associated human RNAs suggests a novel RNA copying mechanism. Nature. 2010, 466 (7306): 642-646.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
228.
go back to reference Filipowicz W, Pogacic V: Biogenesis of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2002, 14 (3): 319-327.PubMedCrossRef Filipowicz W, Pogacic V: Biogenesis of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2002, 14 (3): 319-327.PubMedCrossRef
229.
go back to reference Seila AC, Calabrese JM, Levine SS, Yeo GW, Rahl PB, Flynn RA, Young RA, Sharp PA: Divergent transcription from active promoters. Science. 2008, 322 (5909): 1849-1851.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Seila AC, Calabrese JM, Levine SS, Yeo GW, Rahl PB, Flynn RA, Young RA, Sharp PA: Divergent transcription from active promoters. Science. 2008, 322 (5909): 1849-1851.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
230.
go back to reference Valadkhan S: snRNAs as the catalysts of pre-mRNA splicing. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2005, 9 (6): 603-608.PubMedCrossRef Valadkhan S: snRNAs as the catalysts of pre-mRNA splicing. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2005, 9 (6): 603-608.PubMedCrossRef
231.
go back to reference Faulkner GJ, Carninci P: Altruistic functions for selfish DNA. Cell Cycle. 2009, 8 (18): 2895-2900.PubMedCrossRef Faulkner GJ, Carninci P: Altruistic functions for selfish DNA. Cell Cycle. 2009, 8 (18): 2895-2900.PubMedCrossRef
232.
go back to reference Faulkner GJ, Kimura Y, Daub CO, Wani S, Plessy C, Irvine KM, Schroder K, Cloonan N, Steptoe AL, Lassmann T: The regulated retrotransposon transcriptome of mammalian cells. Nat Genet. 2009, 41 (5): 563-571.PubMedCrossRef Faulkner GJ, Kimura Y, Daub CO, Wani S, Plessy C, Irvine KM, Schroder K, Cloonan N, Steptoe AL, Lassmann T: The regulated retrotransposon transcriptome of mammalian cells. Nat Genet. 2009, 41 (5): 563-571.PubMedCrossRef
233.
go back to reference Kandhavelu M, Lammi C, Buccioni M, Dal Ben D, Volpini R, Marucci G: Existence of snoRNA, microRNA, piRNA characteristics in a novel non-coding RNA: x-ncRNA and its biological implication in Homo sapiens. Journal of Bioinformatics and Sequence Analysis. 2009, 1 (2): 31-40. Kandhavelu M, Lammi C, Buccioni M, Dal Ben D, Volpini R, Marucci G: Existence of snoRNA, microRNA, piRNA characteristics in a novel non-coding RNA: x-ncRNA and its biological implication in Homo sapiens. Journal of Bioinformatics and Sequence Analysis. 2009, 1 (2): 31-40.
234.
go back to reference Christov CP, Gardiner TJ, Szuts D, Krude T: Functional requirement of noncoding Y RNAs for human chromosomal DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 2006, 26 (18): 6993-7004.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Christov CP, Gardiner TJ, Szuts D, Krude T: Functional requirement of noncoding Y RNAs for human chromosomal DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 2006, 26 (18): 6993-7004.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
235.
go back to reference Li Z, Kim SW, Lin Y, Moore PS, Chang Y, John B: Characterization of viral and human RNAs smaller than canonical MicroRNAs. J Virol. 2009, 83 (24): 12751-12758.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Li Z, Kim SW, Lin Y, Moore PS, Chang Y, John B: Characterization of viral and human RNAs smaller than canonical MicroRNAs. J Virol. 2009, 83 (24): 12751-12758.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
236.
go back to reference Parrott AM, Mathews MB: snaR genes: recent descendants of Alu involved in the evolution of chorionic gonadotropins. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2009, 74: 363-373.PubMedCrossRef Parrott AM, Mathews MB: snaR genes: recent descendants of Alu involved in the evolution of chorionic gonadotropins. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2009, 74: 363-373.PubMedCrossRef
237.
go back to reference Parrott AM, Tsai M, Batchu P, Ryan K, Ozer HL, Tian B, Mathews MB: The evolution and expression of the snaR family of small non-coding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011, 39 (4): 1485-1500.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Parrott AM, Tsai M, Batchu P, Ryan K, Ozer HL, Tian B, Mathews MB: The evolution and expression of the snaR family of small non-coding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011, 39 (4): 1485-1500.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
238.
go back to reference Stadler PF, Chen JJ, Hackermuller J, Hoffmann S, Horn F, Khaitovich P, Kretzschmar AK, Mosig A, Prohaska SJ, Qi X: Evolution of vault RNAs. Mol Biol Evol. 2009, 26 (9): 1975-1991.PubMedCrossRef Stadler PF, Chen JJ, Hackermuller J, Hoffmann S, Horn F, Khaitovich P, Kretzschmar AK, Mosig A, Prohaska SJ, Qi X: Evolution of vault RNAs. Mol Biol Evol. 2009, 26 (9): 1975-1991.PubMedCrossRef
239.
go back to reference Zheng D, Frankish A, Baertsch R, Kapranov P, Reymond A, Choo SW, Lu Y, Denoeud F, Antonarakis SE, Snyder M: Pseudogenes in the ENCODE regions: consensus annotation, analysis of transcription, and evolution. Genome Res. 2007, 17 (6): 839-851.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zheng D, Frankish A, Baertsch R, Kapranov P, Reymond A, Choo SW, Lu Y, Denoeud F, Antonarakis SE, Snyder M: Pseudogenes in the ENCODE regions: consensus annotation, analysis of transcription, and evolution. Genome Res. 2007, 17 (6): 839-851.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
240.
go back to reference Zhang ZD, Frankish A, Hunt T, Harrow J, Gerstein M: Identification and analysis of unitary pseudogenes: historic and contemporary gene losses in humans and other primates. Genome Biol. 2010, 11 (3): R26.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zhang ZD, Frankish A, Hunt T, Harrow J, Gerstein M: Identification and analysis of unitary pseudogenes: historic and contemporary gene losses in humans and other primates. Genome Biol. 2010, 11 (3): R26.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
241.
go back to reference Zheng R, Shen Z, Tripathi V, Xuan Z, Freier SM, Bennett CF, Prasanth SG, Prasanth KV: Polypurine-repeat-containing RNAs: a novel class of long non-coding RNA in mammalian cells. J Cell Sci. 2010, 123 (Pt 21): 3734-3744.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zheng R, Shen Z, Tripathi V, Xuan Z, Freier SM, Bennett CF, Prasanth SG, Prasanth KV: Polypurine-repeat-containing RNAs: a novel class of long non-coding RNA in mammalian cells. J Cell Sci. 2010, 123 (Pt 21): 3734-3744.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
242.
go back to reference Louro R, Smirnova AS, Verjovski-Almeida S: Long intronic noncoding RNA transcription: expression noise or expression choice?. Genomics. 2009, 93 (4): 291-298.PubMedCrossRef Louro R, Smirnova AS, Verjovski-Almeida S: Long intronic noncoding RNA transcription: expression noise or expression choice?. Genomics. 2009, 93 (4): 291-298.PubMedCrossRef
243.
go back to reference Rearick D, Prakash A, McSweeny A, Shepard SS, Fedorova L, Fedorov A: Critical association of ncRNA with introns. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010, Rearick D, Prakash A, McSweeny A, Shepard SS, Fedorova L, Fedorov A: Critical association of ncRNA with introns. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010,
244.
go back to reference Katayama S, Tomaru Y, Kasukawa T, Waki K, Nakanishi M, Nakamura M, Nishida H, Yap CC, Suzuki M, Kawai J: Antisense transcription in the mammalian transcriptome. Science. 2005, 309 (5740): 1564-1566.PubMedCrossRef Katayama S, Tomaru Y, Kasukawa T, Waki K, Nakanishi M, Nakamura M, Nishida H, Yap CC, Suzuki M, Kawai J: Antisense transcription in the mammalian transcriptome. Science. 2005, 309 (5740): 1564-1566.PubMedCrossRef
245.
go back to reference Preker P, Nielsen J, Kammler S, Lykke-Andersen S, Christensen MS, Mapendano CK, Schierup MH, Jensen TH: RNA exosome depletion reveals transcription upstream of active human promoters. Science. 2008, 322 (5909): 1851-1854.PubMedCrossRef Preker P, Nielsen J, Kammler S, Lykke-Andersen S, Christensen MS, Mapendano CK, Schierup MH, Jensen TH: RNA exosome depletion reveals transcription upstream of active human promoters. Science. 2008, 322 (5909): 1851-1854.PubMedCrossRef
246.
go back to reference Zhang Y, Guan DG, Yang JH, Shao P, Zhou H, Qu LH: ncRNAimprint: a comprehensive database of mammalian imprinted noncoding RNAs. RNA. 2010, 16 (10): 1889-1901.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zhang Y, Guan DG, Yang JH, Shao P, Zhou H, Qu LH: ncRNAimprint: a comprehensive database of mammalian imprinted noncoding RNAs. RNA. 2010, 16 (10): 1889-1901.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
248.
go back to reference Mituyama T, Yamada K, Hattori E, Okida H, Ono Y, Terai G, Yoshizawa A, Komori T, Asai K: The Functional RNA Database 3.0: databases to support mining and annotation of functional RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37 (Database issue): D89-92.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Mituyama T, Yamada K, Hattori E, Okida H, Ono Y, Terai G, Yoshizawa A, Komori T, Asai K: The Functional RNA Database 3.0: databases to support mining and annotation of functional RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37 (Database issue): D89-92.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
249.
go back to reference Liu C, Bai B, Skogerbo G, Cai L, Deng W, Zhang Y, Bu D, Zhao Y, Chen R: NONCODE: an integrated knowledge database of non-coding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005, 33 (Database issue): D112-115.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Liu C, Bai B, Skogerbo G, Cai L, Deng W, Zhang Y, Bu D, Zhao Y, Chen R: NONCODE: an integrated knowledge database of non-coding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005, 33 (Database issue): D112-115.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
250.
go back to reference Amaral PP, Clark MB, Gascoigne DK, Dinger ME, Mattick JS: lncRNAdb: a reference database for long noncoding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011, 39 (Database issue): D146-151.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Amaral PP, Clark MB, Gascoigne DK, Dinger ME, Mattick JS: lncRNAdb: a reference database for long noncoding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011, 39 (Database issue): D146-151.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
251.
go back to reference Gardner PP, Daub J, Tate JG, Nawrocki EP, Kolbe DL, Lindgreen S, Wilkinson AC, Finn RD, Griffiths-Jones S, Eddy SR: Rfam: updates to the RNA families database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37 (Database issue): D136-140.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Gardner PP, Daub J, Tate JG, Nawrocki EP, Kolbe DL, Lindgreen S, Wilkinson AC, Finn RD, Griffiths-Jones S, Eddy SR: Rfam: updates to the RNA families database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37 (Database issue): D136-140.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
252.
go back to reference Dinger ME, Pang KC, Mercer TR, Crowe ML, Grimmond SM, Mattick JS: NRED: a database of long noncoding RNA expression. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37 (Database issue): D122-126.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Dinger ME, Pang KC, Mercer TR, Crowe ML, Grimmond SM, Mattick JS: NRED: a database of long noncoding RNA expression. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37 (Database issue): D122-126.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
253.
254.
go back to reference Wu T, Wang J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Shi B, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Skogerbo G, Chen L, Lu H: NPInter: the noncoding RNAs and protein related biomacromolecules interaction database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006, 34 (Database issue): D150-152.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Wu T, Wang J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Shi B, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Skogerbo G, Chen L, Lu H: NPInter: the noncoding RNAs and protein related biomacromolecules interaction database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006, 34 (Database issue): D150-152.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
255.
go back to reference Fellenberg J, Bernd L, Delling G, Witte D, Zahlten-Hinguranage A: Prognostic significance of drug-regulated genes in high-grade osteosarcoma. Mod Pathol. 2007, 20 (10): 1085-1094.PubMedCrossRef Fellenberg J, Bernd L, Delling G, Witte D, Zahlten-Hinguranage A: Prognostic significance of drug-regulated genes in high-grade osteosarcoma. Mod Pathol. 2007, 20 (10): 1085-1094.PubMedCrossRef
256.
go back to reference Koshimizu TA, Fujiwara Y, Sakai N, Shibata K, Tsuchiya H: Oxytocin stimulates expression of a noncoding RNA tumor marker in a human neuroblastoma cell line. Life Sci. 2010, 86 (11-12): 455-460.PubMedCrossRef Koshimizu TA, Fujiwara Y, Sakai N, Shibata K, Tsuchiya H: Oxytocin stimulates expression of a noncoding RNA tumor marker in a human neuroblastoma cell line. Life Sci. 2010, 86 (11-12): 455-460.PubMedCrossRef
257.
go back to reference Ariel I, Sughayer M, Fellig Y, Pizov G, Ayesh S, Podeh D, Libdeh BA, Levy C, Birman T, Tykocinski ML: The imprinted H19 gene is a marker of early recurrence in human bladder carcinoma. Mol Pathol. 2000, 53 (6): 320-323.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Ariel I, Sughayer M, Fellig Y, Pizov G, Ayesh S, Podeh D, Libdeh BA, Levy C, Birman T, Tykocinski ML: The imprinted H19 gene is a marker of early recurrence in human bladder carcinoma. Mol Pathol. 2000, 53 (6): 320-323.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
258.
go back to reference Yballe CM, Vu TH, Hoffman AR: Imprinting and expression of insulin-like growth factor-II and H19 in normal breast tissue and breast tumor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996, 81 (4): 1607-1612.PubMed Yballe CM, Vu TH, Hoffman AR: Imprinting and expression of insulin-like growth factor-II and H19 in normal breast tissue and breast tumor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996, 81 (4): 1607-1612.PubMed
259.
go back to reference Tanos V, Ariel I, Prus D, De-Groot N, Hochberg A: H19 and IGF2 gene expression in human normal, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrium. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2004, 14 (3): 521-525.PubMedCrossRef Tanos V, Ariel I, Prus D, De-Groot N, Hochberg A: H19 and IGF2 gene expression in human normal, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrium. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2004, 14 (3): 521-525.PubMedCrossRef
260.
go back to reference Douc-Rasy S, Barrois M, Fogel S, Ahomadegbe JC, Stehelin D, Coll J, Riou G: High incidence of loss of heterozygosity and abnormal imprinting of H19 and IGF2 genes in invasive cervical carcinomas. Uncoupling of H19 and IGF2 expression and biallelic hypomethylation of H19. Oncogene. 1996, 12 (2): 423-430.PubMed Douc-Rasy S, Barrois M, Fogel S, Ahomadegbe JC, Stehelin D, Coll J, Riou G: High incidence of loss of heterozygosity and abnormal imprinting of H19 and IGF2 genes in invasive cervical carcinomas. Uncoupling of H19 and IGF2 expression and biallelic hypomethylation of H19. Oncogene. 1996, 12 (2): 423-430.PubMed
261.
go back to reference Arima T, Matsuda T, Takagi N, Wake N: Association of IGF2 and H19 imprinting with choriocarcinoma development. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1997, 93 (1): 39-47.PubMedCrossRef Arima T, Matsuda T, Takagi N, Wake N: Association of IGF2 and H19 imprinting with choriocarcinoma development. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1997, 93 (1): 39-47.PubMedCrossRef
262.
go back to reference Tanos V, Prus D, Ayesh S, Weinstein D, Tykocinski ML, De-Groot N, Hochberg A, Ariel I: Expression of the imprinted H19 oncofetal RNA in epithelial ovarian cancer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1999, 85 (1): 7-11.PubMedCrossRef Tanos V, Prus D, Ayesh S, Weinstein D, Tykocinski ML, De-Groot N, Hochberg A, Ariel I: Expression of the imprinted H19 oncofetal RNA in epithelial ovarian cancer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1999, 85 (1): 7-11.PubMedCrossRef
263.
go back to reference Berteaux N, Lottin S, Adriaenssens E, Van Coppenolle F, Leroy X, Coll J, Dugimont T, Curgy JJ: Hormonal regulation of H19 gene expression in prostate epithelial cells. J Endocrinol. 2004, 183 (1): 69-78.PubMedCrossRef Berteaux N, Lottin S, Adriaenssens E, Van Coppenolle F, Leroy X, Coll J, Dugimont T, Curgy JJ: Hormonal regulation of H19 gene expression in prostate epithelial cells. J Endocrinol. 2004, 183 (1): 69-78.PubMedCrossRef
264.
go back to reference Kondo M, Takahashi T: [Altered genomic imprinting in the IGF2 and H19 genes in human lung cancer]. Nippon Rinsho. 1996, 54 (2): 492-496.PubMed Kondo M, Takahashi T: [Altered genomic imprinting in the IGF2 and H19 genes in human lung cancer]. Nippon Rinsho. 1996, 54 (2): 492-496.PubMed
265.
go back to reference Pasic I, Shlien A, Durbin AD, Stavropoulos DJ, Baskin B, Ray PN, Novokmet A, Malkin D: Recurrent focal copy-number changes and loss of heterozygosity implicate two noncoding RNAs and one tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 3q13.31 in osteosarcoma. Cancer Res. 2010, 70 (1): 160-171.PubMedCrossRef Pasic I, Shlien A, Durbin AD, Stavropoulos DJ, Baskin B, Ray PN, Novokmet A, Malkin D: Recurrent focal copy-number changes and loss of heterozygosity implicate two noncoding RNAs and one tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 3q13.31 in osteosarcoma. Cancer Res. 2010, 70 (1): 160-171.PubMedCrossRef
266.
go back to reference Srikantan V, Zou Z, Petrovics G, Xu L, Augustus M, Davis L, Livezey JR, Connell T, Sesterhenn IA, Yoshino K: PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene, is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000, 97 (22): 12216-12221.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Srikantan V, Zou Z, Petrovics G, Xu L, Augustus M, Davis L, Livezey JR, Connell T, Sesterhenn IA, Yoshino K: PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene, is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000, 97 (22): 12216-12221.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
267.
go back to reference Fu X, Ravindranath L, Tran N, Petrovics G, Srivastava S: Regulation of apoptosis by a prostate-specific and prostate cancer-associated noncoding gene, PCGEM1. DNA Cell Biol. 2006, 25 (3): 135-141.PubMedCrossRef Fu X, Ravindranath L, Tran N, Petrovics G, Srivastava S: Regulation of apoptosis by a prostate-specific and prostate cancer-associated noncoding gene, PCGEM1. DNA Cell Biol. 2006, 25 (3): 135-141.PubMedCrossRef
268.
go back to reference Wang XS, Zhang Z, Wang HC, Cai JL, Xu QW, Li MQ, Chen YC, Qian XP, Lu TJ, Yu LZ: Rapid identification of UCA1 as a very sensitive and specific unique marker for human bladder carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2006, 12 (16): 4851-4858.PubMedCrossRef Wang XS, Zhang Z, Wang HC, Cai JL, Xu QW, Li MQ, Chen YC, Qian XP, Lu TJ, Yu LZ: Rapid identification of UCA1 as a very sensitive and specific unique marker for human bladder carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2006, 12 (16): 4851-4858.PubMedCrossRef
269.
go back to reference Wang F, Li X, Xie X, Zhao L, Chen W: UCA1, a non-protein-coding RNA up-regulated in bladder carcinoma and embryo, influencing cell growth and promoting invasion. FEBS Lett. 2008, 582 (13): 1919-1927.PubMedCrossRef Wang F, Li X, Xie X, Zhao L, Chen W: UCA1, a non-protein-coding RNA up-regulated in bladder carcinoma and embryo, influencing cell growth and promoting invasion. FEBS Lett. 2008, 582 (13): 1919-1927.PubMedCrossRef
270.
go back to reference Tsang WP, Wong TW, Cheung AH, Co CN, Kwok TT: Induction of drug resistance and transformation in human cancer cells by the noncoding RNA CUDR. RNA. 2007, 13 (6): 890-898.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tsang WP, Wong TW, Cheung AH, Co CN, Kwok TT: Induction of drug resistance and transformation in human cancer cells by the noncoding RNA CUDR. RNA. 2007, 13 (6): 890-898.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
271.
go back to reference Korneev SA, Korneeva EI, Lagarkova MA, Kiselev SL, Critchley G, O'Shea M: Novel noncoding antisense RNA transcribed from human anti-NOS2A locus is differentially regulated during neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells. RNA. 2008, 14 (10): 2030-2037.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Korneev SA, Korneeva EI, Lagarkova MA, Kiselev SL, Critchley G, O'Shea M: Novel noncoding antisense RNA transcribed from human anti-NOS2A locus is differentially regulated during neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells. RNA. 2008, 14 (10): 2030-2037.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
272.
go back to reference Pasmant E, Laurendeau I, Heron D, Vidaud M, Vidaud D, Bieche I: Characterization of a germ-line deletion, including the entire INK4/ARF locus, in a melanoma-neural system tumor family: identification of ANRIL, an antisense noncoding RNA whose expression coclusters with ARF. Cancer Res. 2007, 67 (8): 3963-3969.PubMedCrossRef Pasmant E, Laurendeau I, Heron D, Vidaud M, Vidaud D, Bieche I: Characterization of a germ-line deletion, including the entire INK4/ARF locus, in a melanoma-neural system tumor family: identification of ANRIL, an antisense noncoding RNA whose expression coclusters with ARF. Cancer Res. 2007, 67 (8): 3963-3969.PubMedCrossRef
273.
go back to reference Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Pickard MR, Hedge VL, Farzaneh F, Williams GT: GAS5, a non-protein-coding RNA, controls apoptosis and is downregulated in breast cancer. Oncogene. 2009, 28 (2): 195-208.PubMedCrossRef Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Pickard MR, Hedge VL, Farzaneh F, Williams GT: GAS5, a non-protein-coding RNA, controls apoptosis and is downregulated in breast cancer. Oncogene. 2009, 28 (2): 195-208.PubMedCrossRef
274.
go back to reference Leygue E: Steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA1): unusual bifaceted gene products with suspected relevance to breast cancer. Nucl Recept Signal. 2007, 5: e006.PubMedCentralPubMed Leygue E: Steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA1): unusual bifaceted gene products with suspected relevance to breast cancer. Nucl Recept Signal. 2007, 5: e006.PubMedCentralPubMed
275.
go back to reference Chooniedass-Kothari S, Hamedani MK, Troup S, Hube F, Leygue E: The steroid receptor RNA activator protein is expressed in breast tumor tissues. Int J Cancer. 2006, 118 (4): 1054-1059.PubMedCrossRef Chooniedass-Kothari S, Hamedani MK, Troup S, Hube F, Leygue E: The steroid receptor RNA activator protein is expressed in breast tumor tissues. Int J Cancer. 2006, 118 (4): 1054-1059.PubMedCrossRef
276.
go back to reference Zhu Y, Yu M, Li Z, Kong C, Bi J, Li J, Gao Z: ncRAN, a Newly Identified Long Noncoding RNA, Enhances Human Bladder Tumor Growth, Invasion, and Survival. Urology. 2010, 77 (2): 510 e511-515. Zhu Y, Yu M, Li Z, Kong C, Bi J, Li J, Gao Z: ncRAN, a Newly Identified Long Noncoding RNA, Enhances Human Bladder Tumor Growth, Invasion, and Survival. Urology. 2010, 77 (2): 510 e511-515.
277.
go back to reference Yu M, Ohira M, Li Y, Niizuma H, Oo ML, Zhu Y, Ozaki T, Isogai E, Nakamura Y, Koda T: High expression of ncRAN, a novel non-coding RNA mapped to chromosome 17q25.1, is associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. Int J Oncol. 2009, 34 (4): 931-938.PubMed Yu M, Ohira M, Li Y, Niizuma H, Oo ML, Zhu Y, Ozaki T, Isogai E, Nakamura Y, Koda T: High expression of ncRAN, a novel non-coding RNA mapped to chromosome 17q25.1, is associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. Int J Oncol. 2009, 34 (4): 931-938.PubMed
Metadata
Title
The functional role of long non-coding RNA in human carcinomas
Authors
Ewan A Gibb
Carolyn J Brown
Wan L Lam
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Molecular Cancer / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1476-4598
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-10-38

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

Molecular Cancer 1/2011 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine