Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Trials 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Study protocol

The effectiveness of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers (MTFC-P) for young children with severe behavioral disturbances: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Authors: Caroline S Jonkman, Carlo Schuengel, Robert Lindeboom, Mirjam Oosterman, Frits Boer, Ramon JL Lindauer

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Among children placed out of home, behavioral and relationship functioning is often problematic. When placed in foster care, problems tend to persist or even worsen and increase the risk of placement breakdown. Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers is an intensive behavior-focused program for young foster children (3 to 7 years) aiming to provide children with a positive and stimulating foster family setting and individually tailored behavioral interventions. This study will be the first to examine the effectiveness of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers outside the US and to examine the effectiveness across a broader range of problems related to foster care.

Methods

This is a randomized controlled trial, wherein we expect to include 80 child-foster carer dyads. Forty dyads will be assigned to Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers and 40 to treatment as usual, following pre-randomization. Data to be gathered concern problem behavior, symptoms of attachment disorder, post-traumatic stress symptoms, quality of life, hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis functioning, parental stress and autonomic reactivity, to be collected via questionnaires, observations, interviews, saliva and recording at six time-points over 24 months. To compare treatment outcomes, Fisher’s exact tests and repeated measures (mixed models) and independent t-tests will be used. All analyses will be performed following the intention-to-treat principle.

Discussion

Examining the generalizability of previous findings in the US and extending these previous findings is a step towards improving knowledge about treatment of young foster children with severe behavioral, emotional and attachment problems.

Trial registration

Literature
1.
go back to reference US Department of Health and Human Services: The AFCARS report: Preliminary FY 2011 Estimates as of July 2012. No. 19. 2011, Washington DC: US Government Printing Office US Department of Health and Human Services: The AFCARS report: Preliminary FY 2011 Estimates as of July 2012. No. 19. 2011, Washington DC: US Government Printing Office
2.
go back to reference Factsheet Foster Care: Foster Care in the Netherlands. 2012, Utrecht, Netherlands: Foster Care Netherlands Factsheet Foster Care: Foster Care in the Netherlands. 2012, Utrecht, Netherlands: Foster Care Netherlands
3.
go back to reference Leslie LK, Gordon JN, Lambros K, Premji K, Peoples J, Gist K: Addressing the developmental and mental health needs of young children in foster care. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2005, 26: 140-151. 10.1097/00004703-200504000-00011.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Leslie LK, Gordon JN, Lambros K, Premji K, Peoples J, Gist K: Addressing the developmental and mental health needs of young children in foster care. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2005, 26: 140-151. 10.1097/00004703-200504000-00011.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
go back to reference Landsverk J, Garland AF, Leslie LK: Mental health services for children reported to child protective services. APSAC Handbook on Child Maltreatment. Edited by: Meyers J, Briere J. 2002, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 487-507. 2 Landsverk J, Garland AF, Leslie LK: Mental health services for children reported to child protective services. APSAC Handbook on Child Maltreatment. Edited by: Meyers J, Briere J. 2002, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 487-507. 2
5.
go back to reference McMillen JC, Zima BT, Scott LD, Auslander WF, Munson MR, Ollie MT, Spitznagel EL: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among older youths in the foster care system. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005, 44: 88-95. 10.1097/01.chi.0000145806.24274.d2.CrossRefPubMed McMillen JC, Zima BT, Scott LD, Auslander WF, Munson MR, Ollie MT, Spitznagel EL: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among older youths in the foster care system. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005, 44: 88-95. 10.1097/01.chi.0000145806.24274.d2.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, text revision. 2000, Arlington, VA: APACrossRef American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, text revision. 2000, Arlington, VA: APACrossRef
7.
go back to reference Scheeringa MS, Zeanah CH, Myers L, Putnam F: Heart period and variability findings in preschool children with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Biol Psychiatry. 2004, 55: 685-691. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.006.CrossRefPubMed Scheeringa MS, Zeanah CH, Myers L, Putnam F: Heart period and variability findings in preschool children with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Biol Psychiatry. 2004, 55: 685-691. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.006.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference van den-Dries L, Juffer F, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ: Fostering security? A meta-analysis of attachment in adopted children. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2009, 31: 410-421. 10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.09.008.CrossRef van den-Dries L, Juffer F, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ: Fostering security? A meta-analysis of attachment in adopted children. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2009, 31: 410-421. 10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.09.008.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Zeanah CH, Smyke AT, Koga SF, Carlson E: Attachment in institutionalized and community children in Romania. Child Dev. 2005, 76: 1015-1028. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00894.x.CrossRefPubMed Zeanah CH, Smyke AT, Koga SF, Carlson E: Attachment in institutionalized and community children in Romania. Child Dev. 2005, 76: 1015-1028. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00894.x.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Bruce J, Tarullo AR, Gunnar MR: Disinhibited social behavior among internationally adopted children. Dev Psychopathol. 2009, 21: 157-171. 10.1017/S0954579409000108.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bruce J, Tarullo AR, Gunnar MR: Disinhibited social behavior among internationally adopted children. Dev Psychopathol. 2009, 21: 157-171. 10.1017/S0954579409000108.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Gleason MM, Fox NA, Drury S, Smyke A, Egger HL, Nelson CA, Gregas MC, Zeanah CH: Validity of evidence-derived criteria for reactive attachment disorder: indiscriminately social/disinhibited and emotionally withdrawn/inhibited types. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011, 50: 216-231. 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.012.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gleason MM, Fox NA, Drury S, Smyke A, Egger HL, Nelson CA, Gregas MC, Zeanah CH: Validity of evidence-derived criteria for reactive attachment disorder: indiscriminately social/disinhibited and emotionally withdrawn/inhibited types. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011, 50: 216-231. 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.012.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Dozier M, Manni M, Gordon MK, Peloso E, Gunnar MR, Stovall-McClough KC, Eldreth D, Levine S: Foster children's diurnal production of cortisol: an exploratory study. Child Maltreat. 2006, 11: 189-197. 10.1177/1077559505285779.CrossRefPubMed Dozier M, Manni M, Gordon MK, Peloso E, Gunnar MR, Stovall-McClough KC, Eldreth D, Levine S: Foster children's diurnal production of cortisol: an exploratory study. Child Maltreat. 2006, 11: 189-197. 10.1177/1077559505285779.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Fisher PA, Gunnar MR, Dozier M, Bruce J, Pears KC: Effects of therapeutic interventions for foster children on behavioral problems, caregiver attachment, and stress regulatory neural systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006, 1094: 215-225. 10.1196/annals.1376.023.CrossRefPubMed Fisher PA, Gunnar MR, Dozier M, Bruce J, Pears KC: Effects of therapeutic interventions for foster children on behavioral problems, caregiver attachment, and stress regulatory neural systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006, 1094: 215-225. 10.1196/annals.1376.023.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Oosterman M, Schuengel C: Autonomic reactivity of children to separation and reunion with foster parents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007, 46: 1196-1203. 10.1097/chi.0b013e3180ca839f.CrossRefPubMed Oosterman M, Schuengel C: Autonomic reactivity of children to separation and reunion with foster parents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007, 46: 1196-1203. 10.1097/chi.0b013e3180ca839f.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Lawrence CR, Carlson EA, Egeland B: The impact of foster care on development. Dev Psychopathol. 2006, 18: 57-76.CrossRefPubMed Lawrence CR, Carlson EA, Egeland B: The impact of foster care on development. Dev Psychopathol. 2006, 18: 57-76.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Minty B: Annotation: outcomes in long-term foster family care. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999, 40: 991-999. 10.1111/1469-7610.00518.CrossRefPubMed Minty B: Annotation: outcomes in long-term foster family care. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999, 40: 991-999. 10.1111/1469-7610.00518.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Vanderfaeillie J, Van-Holen F, Trogh L, Andries C: The impact of foster children's behavioural problems on Flemish foster mothers' parenting behavior. Child Fam Soc Work. 2012, 17: 34-42. 10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00770.x.CrossRef Vanderfaeillie J, Van-Holen F, Trogh L, Andries C: The impact of foster children's behavioural problems on Flemish foster mothers' parenting behavior. Child Fam Soc Work. 2012, 17: 34-42. 10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00770.x.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Oosterman M, Schuengel C, Wim Slot N, Bullens RAR, Doreleijers TAH: Disruptions in foster care: a review and meta-analysis. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2007, 29: 53-76. 10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.07.003.CrossRef Oosterman M, Schuengel C, Wim Slot N, Bullens RAR, Doreleijers TAH: Disruptions in foster care: a review and meta-analysis. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2007, 29: 53-76. 10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.07.003.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Zeanah CH, Gleason MM: Reactive attachment disorder: a review for DSM-IV. 2010, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Zeanah CH, Gleason MM: Reactive attachment disorder: a review for DSM-IV. 2010, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
20.
go back to reference Curtis P, Alexander G, Lunghofer L: A literature review comparing the outcomes of residential group care and therapeutic foster care. Child Adolesc Soc Work J. 2001, 18: 377-392. 10.1023/A:1012507407702.CrossRef Curtis P, Alexander G, Lunghofer L: A literature review comparing the outcomes of residential group care and therapeutic foster care. Child Adolesc Soc Work J. 2001, 18: 377-392. 10.1023/A:1012507407702.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Dozier M, Rutter M: Challenges to the development of attachment relationships faced by young children in foster and adoptive care. Handbook of Attachment. Edited by: Cassidy J, Shaver PR. 2008, New York: Guilford Press, 698-717. Dozier M, Rutter M: Challenges to the development of attachment relationships faced by young children in foster and adoptive care. Handbook of Attachment. Edited by: Cassidy J, Shaver PR. 2008, New York: Guilford Press, 698-717.
22.
go back to reference Fisher PA, Burraston B, Pears K: The Early Intervention Foster Care Program: permanent placement outcomes from a randomized trial. Child Maltreat. 2005, 10: 61-71. 10.1177/1077559504271561.CrossRefPubMed Fisher PA, Burraston B, Pears K: The Early Intervention Foster Care Program: permanent placement outcomes from a randomized trial. Child Maltreat. 2005, 10: 61-71. 10.1177/1077559504271561.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Fisher PA, Stoolmiller M, Gunnar MR, Burraston BO: Effects of a therapeutic intervention for foster preschoolers on diurnal cortisol activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007, 32: 892-905. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.06.008.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Fisher PA, Stoolmiller M, Gunnar MR, Burraston BO: Effects of a therapeutic intervention for foster preschoolers on diurnal cortisol activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007, 32: 892-905. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.06.008.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Fisher PA, Kim HK: Intervention effects on foster preschoolers' attachment-related behaviors from a randomized trial. Prev Sci. 2007, 8: 161-170. 10.1007/s11121-007-0066-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Fisher PA, Kim HK: Intervention effects on foster preschoolers' attachment-related behaviors from a randomized trial. Prev Sci. 2007, 8: 161-170. 10.1007/s11121-007-0066-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
go back to reference Westermark PK, Hansson K, Olsson M: Multidimensional treatment foster care (MTFC): results from an independent replication. J Fam Ther. 2010, 33: 20-41.CrossRef Westermark PK, Hansson K, Olsson M: Multidimensional treatment foster care (MTFC): results from an independent replication. J Fam Ther. 2010, 33: 20-41.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Jonkman C, Bolle E, Lindeboom R, Schuengel C, Oosterman M, Boer F, Lindauer RJ: Multidimensional treatment foster care for preschoolers: early findings of an implementation in the Netherlands. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2012, 6: 38-10.1186/1753-2000-6-38.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jonkman C, Bolle E, Lindeboom R, Schuengel C, Oosterman M, Boer F, Lindauer RJ: Multidimensional treatment foster care for preschoolers: early findings of an implementation in the Netherlands. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2012, 6: 38-10.1186/1753-2000-6-38.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference Patterson GR: Coercive Family Process. 1982, Eugene, OR: Castalia Publishing Company Patterson GR: Coercive Family Process. 1982, Eugene, OR: Castalia Publishing Company
28.
go back to reference Patterson GR, Reid JB, Dishion TJ: A Social Interactional Approach, Volume 4. Antisocial Boys. 1992, Eugene, OR: Castalia Publishing Company Patterson GR, Reid JB, Dishion TJ: A Social Interactional Approach, Volume 4. Antisocial Boys. 1992, Eugene, OR: Castalia Publishing Company
29.
go back to reference Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA: Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. 2000, Burlington, VT: ASEBA Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA: Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. 2000, Burlington, VT: ASEBA
30.
go back to reference Achenbach TM: Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile. 1991, Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Achenbach TM: Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile. 1991, Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont
31.
go back to reference Koot HM, EJCG V d-O, Verhulst FC, Boomsma DI: Behavioral and emotional problems in young preschoolers: cross-cultural testing of the validity of the Child Behavior Checklist/2-3. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1997, 25: 183-196. 10.1023/A:1025791814893.CrossRefPubMed Koot HM, EJCG V d-O, Verhulst FC, Boomsma DI: Behavioral and emotional problems in young preschoolers: cross-cultural testing of the validity of the Child Behavior Checklist/2-3. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1997, 25: 183-196. 10.1023/A:1025791814893.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Verhulst FC, van der-Ende J, Koot HM: Handleiding voor de Child Behavior Checklist/4-18. 1996, Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit/Sophie Kinderziekenhuis Verhulst FC, van der-Ende J, Koot HM: Handleiding voor de Child Behavior Checklist/4-18. 1996, Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit/Sophie Kinderziekenhuis
33.
go back to reference Verhulst FC, van der-Ende J, Koot HM: Handleiding voor de Teacher's Report Form (TRF). 1997, Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit/Sophia Kinderziekenhuis Verhulst FC, van der-Ende J, Koot HM: Handleiding voor de Teacher's Report Form (TRF). 1997, Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit/Sophia Kinderziekenhuis
34.
go back to reference Goodman R: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997, 38: 581-586. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x.CrossRefPubMed Goodman R: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997, 38: 581-586. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference van-Widenfelt BM, Goedhart AW, Treffers PD, Goodman R: Dutch version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003, 12: 281-289. 10.1007/s00787-003-0341-3.CrossRefPubMed van-Widenfelt BM, Goedhart AW, Treffers PD, Goodman R: Dutch version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003, 12: 281-289. 10.1007/s00787-003-0341-3.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Chamberlain P, Reid JB: Parent observation and report of child symptom. Behavioral Assessment. 1987, 9: 97-109. Chamberlain P, Reid JB: Parent observation and report of child symptom. Behavioral Assessment. 1987, 9: 97-109.
37.
go back to reference Chamberlain P, Price JM, Reid JB, Landsverk J, Fisher PA, Stoolmiller M: Who disrupts from placement in foster and kinship care?. Child Abuse Negl. 2006, 30: 409-424. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.11.004.CrossRefPubMed Chamberlain P, Price JM, Reid JB, Landsverk J, Fisher PA, Stoolmiller M: Who disrupts from placement in foster and kinship care?. Child Abuse Negl. 2006, 30: 409-424. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.11.004.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Smyke AT, Zeanah CH: Disturbances of Attachment Interview. 1999, New Orleans, LA: Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine Smyke AT, Zeanah CH: Disturbances of Attachment Interview. 1999, New Orleans, LA: Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine
39.
go back to reference Smyke AT, Dumitrescu A, Zeanah CH: Disturbances of attachment in young children: I. The continuum of caretaking casualty. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002, 41: 972-982. 10.1097/00004583-200208000-00016.CrossRefPubMed Smyke AT, Dumitrescu A, Zeanah CH: Disturbances of attachment in young children: I. The continuum of caretaking casualty. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002, 41: 972-982. 10.1097/00004583-200208000-00016.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Zeanah CH, Scheeringa M, Boris NW, Heller SS, Smyke AT, Trapani J: Reactive attachment disorder in maltreated toddlers. Child Abuse Negl. 2004, 28: 877-888. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.010.CrossRefPubMed Zeanah CH, Scheeringa M, Boris NW, Heller SS, Smyke AT, Trapani J: Reactive attachment disorder in maltreated toddlers. Child Abuse Negl. 2004, 28: 877-888. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.010.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Ainsworth M, Blehar M, Waters E, Wall S: Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. 1978, Hillsdale: NJ Erlbaum Ainsworth M, Blehar M, Waters E, Wall S: Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. 1978, Hillsdale: NJ Erlbaum
42.
go back to reference Oosterman M, Schuengel C: Physiological effects of separation and reunion in relation to attachment and temperament in young children. Dev Psychobiol. 2007, 49: 119-128. 10.1002/dev.20207.CrossRefPubMed Oosterman M, Schuengel C: Physiological effects of separation and reunion in relation to attachment and temperament in young children. Dev Psychobiol. 2007, 49: 119-128. 10.1002/dev.20207.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Cassidy J, Marvin RS: Attachment Organization in Preschool Children: Procedures and Coding Manual. Unpublished manuscript. 1992, Seattle, WA: University of Virginia Cassidy J, Marvin RS: Attachment Organization in Preschool Children: Procedures and Coding Manual. Unpublished manuscript. 1992, Seattle, WA: University of Virginia
44.
go back to reference Briere J, Johnson K, Bissada A, Damon L, Crouch J, Gil E, Hanson R, Ernst V: The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC): reliability and association with abuse exposure in a multi-site study. Child Abuse Negl. 2001, 25: 1001-1014. 10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00253-8.CrossRefPubMed Briere J, Johnson K, Bissada A, Damon L, Crouch J, Gil E, Hanson R, Ernst V: The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC): reliability and association with abuse exposure in a multi-site study. Child Abuse Negl. 2001, 25: 1001-1014. 10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00253-8.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Lamers-Winkelman F: Dutch Translation of the Trauma Checklist for Young Children. 1998, Amsterdam: VU University Lamers-Winkelman F: Dutch Translation of the Trauma Checklist for Young Children. 1998, Amsterdam: VU University
46.
go back to reference Lanktree CB, Gilbert AM, Briere J, Taylor N, Chen K, Maida CA, Saltzman WR: Multi-informant assessment of maltreated children: convergent and discriminant validity of the TSCC and TSCYC. Child Abuse Negl. 2008, 32: 621-625. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.10.003.CrossRefPubMed Lanktree CB, Gilbert AM, Briere J, Taylor N, Chen K, Maida CA, Saltzman WR: Multi-informant assessment of maltreated children: convergent and discriminant validity of the TSCC and TSCYC. Child Abuse Negl. 2008, 32: 621-625. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.10.003.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference de-Geus EJ, Willemsen GH, Klaver CH, van-Doornen LJ: Ambulatory measurement of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and respiration rate. Biol Psychol. 1995, 41: 205-227. 10.1016/0301-0511(95)05137-6.CrossRefPubMed de-Geus EJ, Willemsen GH, Klaver CH, van-Doornen LJ: Ambulatory measurement of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and respiration rate. Biol Psychol. 1995, 41: 205-227. 10.1016/0301-0511(95)05137-6.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Brock A, Vermulst A, Gerris J, Abidin R: Nijmeegse ourderlijke stress index: Meetinstrument voor de vaststelling bij opvoeders: een uitgebreide versie (NOSI) voor psychodiagnostische doeleinden en een verkorte versie (NOSIK) voor signaleringsdoeleinden. 1992, Lisse: Swets & Seitlinger Brock A, Vermulst A, Gerris J, Abidin R: Nijmeegse ourderlijke stress index: Meetinstrument voor de vaststelling bij opvoeders: een uitgebreide versie (NOSI) voor psychodiagnostische doeleinden en een verkorte versie (NOSIK) voor signaleringsdoeleinden. 1992, Lisse: Swets & Seitlinger
49.
go back to reference Abidin R: Parenting Stress Index: a measure of the parent–child system. Evaluating Stress: A Book of Resources. Edited by: Zalaquett C, Wood R. 1997, Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 277-291. Abidin R: Parenting Stress Index: a measure of the parent–child system. Evaluating Stress: A Book of Resources. Edited by: Zalaquett C, Wood R. 1997, Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 277-291.
50.
go back to reference Prinzie P, Onghena P, Hellinckx W: Reexamining the parenting scale; reliability, factors, structure and concurrent validity of a scale for assessing the discipline practices of mothers and fathers of elementary-school-aged children. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2007, 23: 24-31. 10.1027/1015-5759.23.1.24.CrossRef Prinzie P, Onghena P, Hellinckx W: Reexamining the parenting scale; reliability, factors, structure and concurrent validity of a scale for assessing the discipline practices of mothers and fathers of elementary-school-aged children. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2007, 23: 24-31. 10.1027/1015-5759.23.1.24.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Ravens-Sieberer U, Bullinger M: Assessing health-related quality of life in chronically ill children with the German KINDL: first psychometric and content analytical results. Qual Life Res. 1998, 7: 399-407.CrossRefPubMed Ravens-Sieberer U, Bullinger M: Assessing health-related quality of life in chronically ill children with the German KINDL: first psychometric and content analytical results. Qual Life Res. 1998, 7: 399-407.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Zelen M: Randomized consent designs for clinical trials: an update. Stat Med. 1990, 9: 645-656. 10.1002/sim.4780090611.CrossRefPubMed Zelen M: Randomized consent designs for clinical trials: an update. Stat Med. 1990, 9: 645-656. 10.1002/sim.4780090611.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Hatcher S, Sharon C, Coggan C: Beyond randomized controlled trials in attempted suicide research. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2009, 39: 396-407. 10.1521/suli.2009.39.4.396.CrossRefPubMed Hatcher S, Sharon C, Coggan C: Beyond randomized controlled trials in attempted suicide research. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2009, 39: 396-407. 10.1521/suli.2009.39.4.396.CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Zelen M: A new design for randomized clinical trials. N Engl J Med. 1979, 300: 1242-1245. 10.1056/NEJM197905313002203.CrossRefPubMed Zelen M: A new design for randomized clinical trials. N Engl J Med. 1979, 300: 1242-1245. 10.1056/NEJM197905313002203.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Andrew M, Vegh P, Caco C, Kirpalani H, Jefferies A, Ohlsson A, Watts J, Saigal S, Milner R, Wang E: A randomized, controlled trial of platelet transfusions in thrombocytopenic premature infants. J Pediatr. 1993, 123: 285-291. 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81705-6.CrossRefPubMed Andrew M, Vegh P, Caco C, Kirpalani H, Jefferies A, Ohlsson A, Watts J, Saigal S, Milner R, Wang E: A randomized, controlled trial of platelet transfusions in thrombocytopenic premature infants. J Pediatr. 1993, 123: 285-291. 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81705-6.CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Fisher PA, Gunnar MR, Chamberlain P, Reid JB: Preventive intervention for maltreated preschool children: impact on children's behavior, neuroendocrine activity, and foster parent functioning. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000, 39: 1356-1364. 10.1097/00004583-200011000-00009.CrossRefPubMed Fisher PA, Gunnar MR, Chamberlain P, Reid JB: Preventive intervention for maltreated preschool children: impact on children's behavior, neuroendocrine activity, and foster parent functioning. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000, 39: 1356-1364. 10.1097/00004583-200011000-00009.CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Macdonald G, Turner W: Treatment Foster Care for improving outcomes in children and young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008, Issue 1: Macdonald G, Turner W: Treatment Foster Care for improving outcomes in children and young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008, Issue 1:
Metadata
Title
The effectiveness of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers (MTFC-P) for young children with severe behavioral disturbances: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors
Caroline S Jonkman
Carlo Schuengel
Robert Lindeboom
Mirjam Oosterman
Frits Boer
Ramon JL Lindauer
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Trials / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-14-197

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

Trials 1/2013 Go to the issue