Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
EJNMMI Research
Published in: EJNMMI Research 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Original Research

The effect of isoflurane on 18F-FDG uptake in the rat brain: a fully conscious dynamic PET study using motion compensation

Authors: Matthew G. Spangler-Bickell, Bart de Laat, Roger Fulton, Guy Bormans, Johan Nuyts

Published in: EJNMMI Research | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

In preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) studies an anaesthetic is used to ensure that the animal does not move during the scan. However, anaesthesia may have confounding effects on the drug or tracer kinetics under study, and the nature of these effects is usually not known.

Method

We have implemented a protocol for tracking the rigid motion of the head of a fully conscious rat during a PET scan and performing a motion compensated list-mode reconstruction of the data. Using this technique we have conducted eight rat studies to investigate the effect of isoflurane on the uptake of 18F-FDG in the brain, by comparing conscious and unconscious scans.

Results

Our results indicate that isoflurane significantly decreases the whole brain uptake, as well as decreasing the relative regional FDG uptake in the cortex, diencephalon, and inferior colliculi, while increasing it in the vestibular nuclei. No statistically significant changes in FDG uptake were observed in the cerebellum and striata.

Conclusion

The applied event-based motion compensation technique allowed for the investigation of the effect of isoflurane on FDG uptake in the rat brain using fully awake and unrestrained rats, scanned dynamically from the moment of injection. A significant effect of the anaesthesia was observed in various regions of the brain.
Literature
1.
Hildebrandt IJ, Su H, Weber WA. Anesthesia and other considerations for in vivo imaging of small animals. ILAR J. 2008; 49(1):17–26.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Alstrup AKO, Smith DF. Anaesthesia for positron emission tomography scanning of animal brains. Lab Anim. 2013; 47(1):12–18.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Alstrup AKO, Simonsen M, Landau AM. Type of anesthesia influences positron emission tomography measurements of dopamine D2/3 receptor binding in the rat brain. Scand J Lab Anim Sci. 2011; 38(3):195–200.
4.
Matsumura A, Mizokawa S, Tanaka M, Wada Y, Nozaki S, Nakamura F, et al. Assessment of microPET performance in analyzing the rat brain under different types of anesthesia: comparison between quantitative data obtained with microPET and ex vivo autoradiography. Neuroimage. 2003; 20(4):2040–50.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Hosoi R, Matsumura A, Mizokawa S, Tanaka M, Nakamura F, Kobayashi K, et al.MicroPET detection of enhanced 18F-FDG utilization by PKA inhibitor in awake rat brain. Brain Res. 2005; 1039(1–2):199–202.CrossRefPubMed
6.
McLaughlin KJ, Gomez JL, Baran SE, Conrad CD. The effects of chronic stress on hippocampal morphology and function: an evaluation of chronic restraint paradigms. Brain Res. 2007; 1161(1):56–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Patel VD, Lee DE, Alexoff DL, Dewey SL, Schiffer WK. Imaging dopamine release with positron emission tomography (PET) and 11C-raclopride in freely moving animals. Neuroimage. 2008; 41(3):1051–66.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Vaska P, Woody CL, Schlyer DJ, Shokouhi S, Stoll SP, Pratte JF, et al. RatCAP: Miniaturized head-mounted PET for conscious rodent brain imaging. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2004; 51(5 II):2718–22.CrossRef
9.
Schulz D, Southekal S, Junnarkar SS, Pratte JF, Purschke ML, Stoll SP, et al. Simultaneous assessment of rodent behavior and neurochemistry using a miniature positron emission tomograph. Nat Methods. 2011; 8(4):347–52.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Weisenberger AG, Gleason SS, Goddard J, Kross B, Majewski S, Meikle SR, et al. A restraint-free small animal SPECT imaging system with motion tracking. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2005; 52(3 I):638–44.CrossRef
11.
Kyme AZ, Zhou VW, Meikle SR, Baldock C, Fulton RR. Optimised motion tracking for positron emission tomography studies of brain function in awake rats. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(7):e21727.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Kyme A, Se S, Meikle S, Angelis G, Ryder W, Popovic K, et al. Markerless motion tracking of awake animals in positron emission tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2014; 33(11):2180–90.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Angelis GI, Gillam JE, Ryder WJ, Kyme AZ, Fulton RR, Meikle SR. Direct estimation of neurotransmitter response in awake and freely moving animals. IEEE Nucl Sci Symp Conf Rec San Diego. 2015. doi:10.​1109/​NSSMIC.​2015.​7582242.
14.
Spangler-Bickell MG, Zhou L, Kyme AZ, De Laat B, Fulton RR, Nuyts J. Optimising rigid motion compensation for small animal brain PET imaging. Phys Med Biol. 2016; 61(19):7074–91.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Rahmim A, Bloomfield P, Houle S, Lenox M, Michel C, Buckley KR, et al. Motion compensation in histogram-mode and list-mode EM reconstructions: beyond the event-driven approach. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2004; 51(5):2588–96.CrossRef
16.
Kyme AZ, Zhou VW, Meikle SR, Fulton RR. Real-time 3D motion tracking for small animal brain PET. Phys Med Biol. 2008; 53(10):2651–66.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Fulton R, Meikle S, Eberl S. Correction for head movements in positron emission tomography using an optical motion-tracking system. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2002; 49(1):116–23.CrossRef
18.
Horn BKP. Closed-form solution of absolute orientation using orthonormal matrices. J Opt Soc Am A. 1987; 4:629.CrossRef
19.
Fueger BJ, Czernin J, Hildebrandt I, Tran C, Halpern BS, Stout D, et al. Impact of animal handling on the results of 18F-FDG PET studies in mice. J Nucl Med. 2006; 47(6):999–1006.PubMed
20.
Wong KP, Sha W, Zhang X, Huang SC. Effects of administration route, dietary condition, and blood glucose level on kinetics and uptake of 18F-FDG in mice. J Nucl Med. 2011; 52(5):800–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Schiffer WK, Mirrione MM, Dewey SL. Optimizing experimental protocols for quantitative behavioral imaging with 18F-FDG in rodents. J Nucl Med. 2007; 48(2):277–87.PubMed
22.
Deleye S, Verhaeghe J, Wyffels L, Dedeurwaerdere S, Stroobants S, Staelens S. Towards a reproducible protocol for repetitive and semi-quantitative rat brain imaging with 18 F-FDG: exemplified in a memantine pharmacological challenge. Neuroimage. 2014; 96:276–87.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Fulton R, Meikle S, Kyme AZ, Zhou V, Popovic K, Kassiou M, et al. Motion-corrected microPET brain imaging of conscious rats. World Mol Imaging Conf Montr. 2009; 12:s304–5.
24.
Shepp LA, Vardi Y. Maximum likelihood reconstruction for emission tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1982; 1(2):113–22.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Hudson HM, Larkin RS. Accelerated image reconstruction using ordered subsets of projection data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1994; 13(4):601–9.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Parra L, Barrett HH. List-mode likelihood: EM algorithm and image quality estimation demonstrated on 2-D PET. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1998; 17(2):228–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Reader AJ, Erlandsson K, Flower MA, Ott RJ. Fast accurate iterative reconstruction for low-statistics positron volume imaging. Phys Med Biol. 1998; 43(4):835–46.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Reader AJ, Julyan PJ, Williams H, Hastings DL, Zweit J. EM algorithm system modeling by image-space techniques for PET reconstruction. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2003; 50(5):1392–7.CrossRef
29.
Tai YC, Ruangma A, Rowland D, Siegel S, Newport DF, Chow PL, et al. Performance evaluation of the microPET focus: a third-generation microPET scanner dedicated to animal imaging. J Nucl Med. 2005; 46(3):455–63.PubMed
30.
Angelis G, Bickell M, Kyme A, Ryder W, Zhou L, Nuyts J, Meikle S. Calculated attenuation correction for awake small animal brain PET studies. IEEE Nucl Sci Symp Conf Rec. Seoul. 2013. doi:10.​1109/​NSSMIC.​2013.​6829263.
31.
Johnson GA, Calabrese E, Badea A, Paxinos G, Watson C. A multidimensional magnetic resonance histology atlas of the Wistar rat brain. Neuroimage. 2012; 62(3):1848–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Kofke WA, Hawkins RA, Davis DW, Biebuyck JF, Miller RD. Comparison of the effects of volatile anesthetics on brain glucose metabolism in rats. Anesthesiol 6. 1987; 66(6):810–13.CrossRef
33.
Zapp M, Kofke W, Davis D. Comparison of the effects of volatile anesthetics in varying concentrations on brain energy metabolism with brain ischemia in rats. Neurochem Res. 1992; 14(4):301–5.CrossRef
34.
Loepke AW, McCann JC, Kurth CD, McAuliffe JJ. The physiologic effects of isoflurane anesthesia in neonatal mice. Anesth Analg. 2006; 102(1):75–80.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Diltoer M, Camu F. Glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion during isoflurane anesthesia in humans. Anesthesiology. 1988; 68(6):880–6.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Casteels C, Vunckx K, Aelvoet SA, Baekelandt V, Bormans G, Van Laere K, et al. Construction and evaluation of quantitative small-animal PET probabilistic atlases for [18F]FDG and [18F]FECT functional mapping of the mouse brain. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6):e65286.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Metadata
Title
The effect of isoflurane on 18F-FDG uptake in the rat brain: a fully conscious dynamic PET study using motion compensation
Authors
Matthew G. Spangler-Bickell
Bart de Laat
Roger Fulton
Guy Bormans
Johan Nuyts
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
EJNMMI Research / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 2191-219X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-016-0242-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

EJNMMI Research 1/2016 Go to the issue

Erratum

Erratum to: Absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected 68Ge/68Ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry

Original research

A new method to quantify tau pathologies with 11C-PBB3 PET using reference tissue voxels extracted from brain cortical gray matter

Original research

Effects of acetaminophen on mitochondrial complex I activity in the rat liver and kidney: a PET study with 18F-BCPP-BF

Original research

A dual tracer 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT pilot study for detection of cardiac sarcoidosis

Original research

Automated synthesis of [18F]DCFPyL via direct radiofluorination and validation in preclinical prostate cancer models

Original research

Quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb: Validation with 15O-water using time-of-flight and point-spread-function modeling