Top

Published in:

01-03-2008

The Effect of Cigarette Price Increases on Smoking Cessation in California

Authors: Mark B. Reed, Christy M. Anderson, Jerry W. Vaughn, David M. Burns

Published in: Prevention Science | Issue 1/2008

Abstract

We investigated whether smoking cessation increased in California after a cigarette manufacturer’s retail price increase and an increase in the state cigarette excise tax. The sample for this study was drawn from the 1996 and 1999 California Tobacco Surveys. The rate of unsuccessful and successful quit attempts and the rate of abstinence were calculated for each month of the 14-month period preceding each survey administration. We combined the monthly rates for both surveys and used multiple regression modeling to test whether the proportion of smokers reporting a quit attempt and the proportion of smokers reporting abstinence increased during the period following the price increases. We included several covariates in our models to control for factors other than the price increases that could account for any increases observed in quit attempts and abstinence. Because smokers recall quits occurring closer to the date of the survey better than quits occurring further back in time, we included a term in the models representing the number of months elapsed between the survey administration and the reported quit. We also included terms in the models representing the months before and after the over-the-counter (OTC) availability of the nicotine patch and nicotine gum in 1996 to control for the increase in smoking cessation observed following the availability of OTC nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Lastly, in order to control for increased quits made in January as a result of New Year’s resolutions, we included a term in our models for quit attempts and successful quits (abstinence) made during this month. Results of the regression analyses indicated a significantly greater proportion of smokers reported quit attempts (p < 0.05) in the months immediately following the cigarette price increases (after November 1998); however, a significant increase in abstinence was only observed from December 1998 through March 1999 (p < 0.05) relative to abstinence occurring before the price increases.

Biener, L., Aseltine, R. H., Cohen, B., & Anderka, M. (1998). Reactions of adult and teenaged smokers to the Massachusetts tobacco tax. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 1389–1391.PubMedCrossRef

Burns, D. M., Anderson, C. M., Johnson, M., Major, J. M., Biener, L., Vaughn, J., et al. (2000). Cessation and cessation measures among adult daily smokers: National and state-specific data. In D. M. Burns & D. R. Shopland (Eds.), Population based smoking cessation (pp. 25–97). Monograph no. 12, US Dept. of Health and Human Services, NIH, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. no. 00-4892.

Chaloupka, F. G. (1999). Macro-social influences: The effects of prices and tobacco-control policies on the demand for tobacco products. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 1, S77–S81.CrossRef

Chaloupka, F. J., Cummings, K. M., Morely, C. P., & Horan, J. K. (2002). Tax, price and cigarette smoking: Evidence from the tobacco documents and implications for tobacco company marketing strategies. Tobacco Control, 11(Suppl. I), i62–i72.PubMedCrossRef

Chaloupka, F. J., & Warner, K. E. (2000). The economics of smoking. In A. J. Culyer, & J. P. Newhouse (Eds.) Handbook of health economics (pp. 1539–1628). The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V.

Chaloupka, F. G., & Wechsler, H. (1997). Price, tobacco control policies and smoking among young adults. Journal of Health Economics, 16, 359–373.PubMedCrossRef

Farrelly, M. C., Bray, J. W., Pechacek, T., & Woollery, T. (2001). Response by adults to increases in cigarette prices by socioeconomic characteristics. Southern Economic Journal, 68, 156–165.CrossRef

Fichtenberg, C. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2002). Effect of smoke-free workplaces on smoking behaviour: Systematic review. British Medical Journal, 325, 188–194.PubMedCrossRef

Flewelling, R. L., Kenney, R., Elder, J. P., Pierce, J., Johnson, M., & Bal, D. G. (1992). First-year impact of the 1989 California cigarette tax increase on cigarette consumption. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 867–869.PubMed

Frieden, T. R., Mostashari, F., Kerker, B. D., Miller, N., Hajat, A., & Frankel, M. (2005). Adult tobacco use levels after intensive tobacco control measures: New York City, 2002–2003. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 1016–1023.PubMedCrossRef

Garvey, A. J., Bliss, R. E., Hitchcock, J. L., Heinold, J. W., & Rosner, B. (1992). Predictors of smoking relapse among self-quitters: A report from the Normative Aging Study. Addictive Behaviors, 17, 367–377.PubMedCrossRef

Gilpin, E., & Pierce, J. P. (1994). Measuring smoking cessation: Problems with recall in the 1990 California Tobacco Survey. Cancer, Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, 3, 613–617.

Gilpin, E. A., Pierce, J. P., Berry, C. C., & White, M. M. (2000). Technical report on analytic methods and approaches used in the 1999 California Tobacco Survey analysis. Vol. 1: Data collection methodology. La Jolla, CA: University of California, San Diego.

Gritz, E. R., Carr, C. R., & Marcus, A. C. (1988). Unaided smoking cessation: Great American Smokeout and New Year’s Day quitters. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 6, 217–234.CrossRef

Hyland, A., Bauer, J. E., Li, Q., Abrams, S. M., Higbee, C., Peppone, L., et al. (2005). Higher cigarette prices influence cigarette purchase patterns. Tobacco Control, 14, 86–92.PubMedCrossRef

Levy, D. T., Cummings, K. M., & Hyland, A. (2000). Increasing taxes as a strategy to reduce cigarette use and deaths: Results of a simulation model. Preventive Medicine, 31, 279–286.PubMedCrossRef

Levy, D. T., Romano, E., & Mumford, E. (2005). The relationship of smoking cessation to sociodemographic characteristics, smoking intensity, and tobacco control policies. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 7, 387–396.PubMedCrossRef

Lewit, E. M., & Coate, D. (1982). The potential for using excise taxes to reduce smoking. Journal of Health Economics, 1, 121–145.CrossRef

Lewit, E. M., Hyland, A., Kerrebrock, N., & Cummings, K. M. (1997). Price, public policy, and smoking in young people. Tobacco Control, 6(Suppl. II), S17–S24.PubMedCrossRef

Meier, K. J., & Licari, M. J. (1997). The effect of cigarette taxes on cigarette consumption, 1955–1994. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1126–1130.PubMed

National Cancer Institute (2000). State and local legislative action to reduce tobacco use. Smoking and tobacco control monograph no. 11. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. no. 00-4804.

Norcross, J. C., Ratzin, A. C., & Payne, D. (1989). Ringing in the new year: The change process and reported outcomes of resolutions. Addictive Behaviors, 14, 205–212.PubMedCrossRef

Pierce, J. P., Berry, C. C., Gilpin, E. A., Rosbrook, B., & White, M. M. (1998). Technical report on analytic methods and approaches used in the 1996 California Tobacco Survey analysis. Vol. 1: Data collection methodology. La Jolla, CA: University of California, San Diego.

Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 390–395.PubMedCrossRef

Reed, M. B., Anderson, C. A., Vaughn, J. W., & Burns, D. M. (2005). The effect of over-the-counter sales of the nicotine patch and nicotine gum on smoking cessation in California. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 14, 2131–2136.CrossRef

Sweanor, D., Burns, D. M., Major, J. M., & Anderson, C. M. (2000). Effect of cost on cessation. In D. M. Burns & D. R. Shopland (Eds.), Population based smoking cessation (pp. 165–178). Monograph no. 12, US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. no. 00-4892.

Tauras, J. A. (2004). Public policy and smoking cessation among young adults in the United States. Health Policy, 68, 321–332.PubMedCrossRef

US Department of Health and Human Services (2000). Reducing tobacco use: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.

White, V. M., Gilpin, E. A., White, M. M., & Pierce, J. P. (2005). How do smokers control their cigarette expenditures? Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 7, 625–635.PubMedCrossRef

Title: The Effect of Cigarette Price Increases on Smoking Cessation in California
Authors: Mark B. Reed
Christy M. Anderson
Jerry W. Vaughn
David M. Burns
Publication date: 01-03-2008
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Prevention Science / Issue 1/2008
Print ISSN: 1389-4986
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6695
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-008-0081-1

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

The Effect of Cigarette Price Increases on Smoking Cessation in California

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2008

An Introduction to the Sloboda and Bukoski Society for Prevention Research (SPR) Cup

The Use of Risk Assessment to Predict Recurrent Maltreatment: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis (CART)

Prevention of Behavior Problems for Children in Foster Care: Outcomes and Mediation Effects

Historical Change in the Link between Adolescent Deviance Proneness and Marijuana Use, 1979–2004

HIV/AIDS Risks among Men and Women Who Drink at Informal Alcohol Serving Establishments (Shebeens) in Cape Town, South Africa

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Not On Tobacco Program for Adolescent Smoking Cessation