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Journal of Neurology
Published in: Journal of Neurology 8/2017

Open Access 01-08-2017 | Review

The clinical heterogeneity of drug-induced myoclonus: an illustrated review

Authors: Sabine Janssen, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Bart P. van de Warrenburg

Published in: Journal of Neurology | Issue 8/2017

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Abstract

A wide variety of drugs can cause myoclonus. To illustrate this, we first discuss two personally observed cases, one presenting with generalized, but facial-predominant, myoclonus that was induced by amantadine; and the other presenting with propriospinal myoclonus triggered by an antibiotic. We then review the literature on drugs that may cause myoclonus, extracting the corresponding clinical phenotype and suggested underlying pathophysiology. The most frequently reported classes of drugs causing myoclonus include opiates, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antibiotics. The distribution of myoclonus ranges from focal to generalized, even amongst patients using the same drug, which suggests various neuro-anatomical generators. Possible underlying pathophysiological alterations involve serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and glutamate-related processes at various levels of the neuraxis. The high number of cases of drug-induced myoclonus, together with their reported heterogeneous clinical characteristics, underscores the importance of considering drugs as a possible cause of myoclonus, regardless of its clinical characteristics.
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Metadata
Title
The clinical heterogeneity of drug-induced myoclonus: an illustrated review
Authors
Sabine Janssen
Bastiaan R. Bloem
Bart P. van de Warrenburg
Publication date
01-08-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Journal of Neurology / Issue 8/2017
Print ISSN: 0340-5354
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1459
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-016-8357-z

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