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Inflammation Research
Published in: Inflammation Research 5/2013

01-05-2013 | Original Research Paper

Tetramethylpyrazine decreases hypothalamic glutamate, hydroxyl radicals and prostaglandin-E2 and has antipyretic effects

Authors: Chin-Hong Chang, Wu-Tein Huang, Cheng-Hsing Kao, Sheng-Hsien Chen, Cheng-Hsien Lin

Published in: Inflammation Research | Issue 5/2013

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Abstract

Objective

We studied the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the fever, increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and increased hypothalamic levels of glutamate, hydroxyl radicals and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Materials and methods

The microdialysis probes were stereotaxically and chronically implanted into the hypothalamus of rabbit brain for determining extracellular levels of glutamate, hydroxyl radials, and PGE2. In addition, both the body core temperature and plasma levels of TNF-α were measured.

Results

All the body core temperature, plasma levels of TNF-α, and hypothalamic levels of glutamate, hydroxyl radicals, and PGE2 were up-graded by an intravenous dose of LPS (2 μg/kg). Pretreatment with intravenous TMP (10–40 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricular TMP (130 μg in 20 μl per animal) 1 h before LPS administration significantly attenuated the LPS-induced fever as well as the increased hypothalamic levels of glutamate, hydroxyl radicals, and PGE2. LPS-induced fever could also be attenuated by intravenous or intracerebroventricular TMP 1 h after LPS injection.

Conclusion

TMP preconditioning may cause its antipyretic action by reducing plasma levels of TNF-α as well as hypothalamic levels of glutamate, hydroxyl radicals, and PGE2 in rabbits.
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Metadata
Title
Tetramethylpyrazine decreases hypothalamic glutamate, hydroxyl radicals and prostaglandin-E2 and has antipyretic effects
Authors
Chin-Hong Chang
Wu-Tein Huang
Cheng-Hsing Kao
Sheng-Hsien Chen
Cheng-Hsien Lin
Publication date
01-05-2013
Publisher
SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel
Published in
Inflammation Research / Issue 5/2013
Print ISSN: 1023-3830
Electronic ISSN: 1420-908X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-013-0606-3

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