Top

PharmacoEconomics

Published in:

Open Access 01-02-2024 | Systemic Therapy | Original Research Article

Budget Impact of Introducing Fixed-Duration Mosunetuzumab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma After Two or More Lines of Systemic Therapy in the USA

Authors: Shih-Wen Lin, Sheila Shapouri, Hélène Parisé, Eric Bercaw, Mei Wu, Eunice Kim, Matthew Matasar

Published in: PharmacoEconomics | Issue 5/2024

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to assess the budget impact of introducing fixed-duration mosunetuzumab as a treatment option for adult patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma after at least two prior systemic therapies and to estimate the total cumulative costs per patient in the USA.

Methods

A 3-year budget impact model was developed for a hypothetical 1-million-member cohort enrolled in a mixed commercial/Medicare health plan. Comparators were: axicabtagene ciloleucel, tisagenlecleucel, tazemetostat, rituximab plus lenalidomide, copanlisib, and older therapies (rituximab or obinutuzumab ± chemotherapy). Costs per patient comprised treatment-associated costs including the drug, its administration, adverse events, and routine care. Dosing and safety data were ascertained from respective package inserts and clinical trial data. Drug costs (March 2023) were estimated based on the average wholesale acquisition cost reported in AnalySource^®, and all other costs were based on published sources and inflated to 2022 US dollars. Market shares were obtained from Genentech internal projections and expert opinion. Budget impact outcomes were presented on a per-member per-month basis.

Results

Compared with a scenario without mosunetuzumab, its introduction over 3 years resulted in a budget increase of $69,812 (1% increase) and an average per-member per-month budget impact of $0.0019. Among the newer therapies, mosunetuzumab had the second-lowest cumulative per patient cost (mosunetuzumab = $202,039; axicabtagene ciloleucel = $505,845; tisagenlecleucel = $476,293; rituximab plus lenalidomide = $263,520; tazemetostat = $250,665; copanlisib = $127,293) and drug costs, and its introduction only increased total drug costs by 0.1%. By year 3, the cumulative difference in the per patient cost with mosunetuzumab was −$303,805 versus axicabtagene ciloleucel, −$274,254 versus tisagenlecleucel, −$61,481 versus rituximab plus lenalidomide, −$48,625 versus tazemetostat, and $74,747 versus copanlisib. Older therapies were less costly with 3-year cumulative costs that ranged from $36,512 to $147,885.

Conclusions

Over 3 years, the estimated cumulative per patient cost of mosunetuzumab is lower than most available newer therapies, resulting in a small increase in the budget after its formulary adoption for the treatment of relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma.

Available only for authorised users

Shankland KR, Armitage JO, Hancock BW. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet. 2012;380(9844):848–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60605-9.CrossRefPubMed

Armitage JO, Gascoyne RD, Lunning MA, Cavalli F. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet. 2017;390(10091):298–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32407-2.CrossRefPubMed

National Cancer Institute. Adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment (PDQ^®), Health Professional Version. 2022. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq. [Accessed 6 Dec 2022].

Freedman A, Jacobsen E. Follicular lymphoma: 2020 update on diagnosis and management. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(3):316–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.25696.CrossRefPubMed

US Food and Drug Administration. FDA withdrew its approval for the cancer medicine Ukoniq (umbralisib) due to safety concerns. 2022. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fda-drug-safety-podcasts/fda-withdrew-its-approval-cancer-medicine-ukoniq-umbralisib-due-safety-concerns. [Accessed 1 Jun 2022].

Gilead Inc. Gilead Statement on Zydelig^® US indication for follicular lymphoma and small lymphocytic leukemia. 2022. Available from: https://www.gilead.com/news-and-press/company-statements/gilead-statement-on-zydelig-us-indication-for-follicular-lymphoma-and-small-lymphocytic-leukemia. [Accessed 18 Aug 2023].

Secura Bio Inc. Secura Bio announces Copiktra^® (duvelisib) strategic focus on T-cell lymphoma and voluntary U.S. withdrawal of the relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma indication. 2021. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/secura-bio-announces-copiktra-duvelisib-strategic-focus-on-t-cell-lymphoma-and-voluntary-us-withdrawal-of-the-relapsed-or-refractory-follicular-lymphoma-indication-301436834.html. [Accessed 18 Aug 2023].

Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. ALIQOPA™ (copanlisib): highlights of prescribing information. 2022. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/209936s010lbl.pdf. [Accessed 18 Apr 2022].

Epizyme Inc. TAZVERIK (tazemetostat) tablets: highlights of prescribing information. 2020. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213400s000lbl.pdf. [Accessed 18 Apr 2022].

10.

Kite Pharma Inc. YESCARTA^® (axicabtagene ciloleucel): highlights of prescribing information. 2022. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213400s000lbl.pdf. [Accessed 18 Apr 2022].

11.

Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. KYMRIAH^® (tisagenlecleucel): highlights of prescribing information. 2022. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/107296/download?attachment. [Accessed 1 Jun 2022].

12.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Mosunetuzumab for treating relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma [TA892]. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,, London, UK. 2023. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta892. [Accessed 18 Aug 2023].

13.

Batlevi CL, Sha F, Alperovich A, Ni A, Smith K, Ying Z, et al. Follicular lymphoma in the modern era: survival, treatment outcomes, and identification of high-risk subgroups. Blood Cancer J. 2020;10(7):74. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-020-00340-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Casulo C, Byrtek M, Dawson KL, Zhou X, Farber CM, Flowers CR, et al. Early relapse of follicular lymphoma after rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone defines patients at high risk for death: an analysis from the National LymphoCare Study. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(23):2516–22. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.59.7534.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

US FDA. FDA grants accelerated approval to mosunetuzumab-axgb for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. 2022. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-mosunetuzumab-axgb-relapsed-or-refractory-follicular-lymphoma. [Accessed 27 Oct 2023].

16.

Genentech Inc. LUNSUMIO™ (mosunetuzumab-axgb): highlights of prescribing information. 2022. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/761263s000lbl.pdf. [Accessed 3 Jan 2023].

17.

Budde LE, Sehn LH, Matasar M, Schuster SJ, Assouline S, Giri P, et al. Safety and efficacy of mosunetuzumab, a bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(8):1055–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00335-7.CrossRefPubMed

18.

United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer price index for all urban consumers: medical care (CUSR0000SAM). 2022. Available from: https://www.bls.gov/data/. [Accessed 5 Dec 2022].

19.

Sullivan SD, Mauskopf JA, Augustovski F, Jaime Caro J, Lee KM, Minchin M, et al. Budget impact analysis: principles of good practice: report of the ISPOR 2012 Budget Impact Analysis Good Practice II Task Force. Value Health. 2014;17(1):5–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2013.08.2291.CrossRefPubMed

20.

US Census Bureau. 2017 national population projections datasets, Table 1. Projected population by single year of age, sex, race, and hispanic origin for the United States: 2016 to 2060. Available from: https://www.census.gov/content/census/en/data/datasets/2017/demo/popproj/2017-popproj.html. [Accessed 6 Dec 2022].

21.

SEER. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: people alive with cancer (U.S. prevalence) on January 1, 2019. 2019. Available from: https://seer.cancer.gov/explorer/application.html. [Accessed 6 Dec 2022].

22.

Link BK, Day BM, Zhou X, Zelenetz AD, Dawson KL, Cerhan JR, et al. Second-line and subsequent therapy and outcomes for follicular lymphoma in the United States: data from the observational National LymphoCare Study. Br J Haematol. 2019;184(4):660–3. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.15149.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Appukkuttan S, Yaldo A, Gharibo M, Babajanyan S, Duchesneau E, Zichlin ML, et al. A budget impact analysis of the introduction of copanlisib for treatment of relapsed follicular lymphoma in the United States. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2019;25(4):437–46. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2019.18259.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Unpublished data on file, Genentech Inc., 2023

25.

Hozo SP, Djulbegovic B, Hozo I. Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2005;5(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-5-13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

27.

Genentech Inc. RITUXAN^® (rituximab) injection: highlights of prescribing information. 2021. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/103705s5464lbl.pdf. [Accessed 18 Apr 2022].

28.

Genentech Inc. GAZYVA^® (obinutuzumab): highlights of prescribing information. 2022. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/125486s029lbl.pdf. [Accessed 18 Apr 2022].

29.

Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. BENDEKA^® (bendamustine hydrochloride injection): highlights of prescribing information. 2021. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/208194s000lbl.pdf. [Accessed 18 Apr 2022].

30.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Physician fee schedule. 2022. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/medicare/physician-fee-schedule/search/overview. [Accessed 23 Jan 2024].

31.

Liu R, Oluwole OO, Diakite I, Botteman MF, Snider JT, Locke FL. Cost effectiveness of axicabtagene ciloleucel versus tisagenlecleucel for adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma after two or more lines of systemic therapy in the United States. J Med Econ. 2021;24(1):458–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2021.1901721.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Fowler NH, Dickinson M, Dreyling M, Martinez-Lopez J, Kolstad A, Butler J, et al. Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: the phase 2 ELARA trial. Nat Med. 2022;28(2):325–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01622-0.CrossRefPubMed

33.

HCUP Fast Stats. Trends in inpatient stays. 2020. Available from: https://datatools.ahrq.gov/hcup-fast-stats/?type=tab&tab=hcupfseds. [Accessed 5 Dec 2022].

34.

Abramson JS, Siddiqi T, Garcia J, Dehner C, Kim Y, Nguyen A, et al. Cytokine release syndrome and neurological event costs in lisocabtagene maraleucel-treated patients in the TRANSCEND NHL 001 trial. Blood Adv. 2021;5(6):1695–705. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003531.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Genentech Inc. ACTEMRA^® (tocilizumab): highlights of prescribing information. 2022. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/125276s114lbl.pdf. [Accessed 10 Dec 2022].

36.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Fee Schedule. 2022. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ClinicalLabFeeSched/Clinical-Laboratory-Fee-Schedule-Files. [Accessed 23 Jan 2024].

37.

April 2023 Medicare Part B Drug and Biological Average Sales Price Quarterly Payment files. 2023. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/medicare/medicare-part-b-drug-average-sales-price/2023-asp-drug-pricing-files. [Accessed 14 Dec 2023].

38.

April 2023 Addendum B. OPPS Payment by HCPCS Code for CY 2023. 2023. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/medicare/medicare-fee-service-payment/hospitaloutpatientpps/addendum-and-addendum-b-updates/april-2023. [Accessed 19 Dec 2023].

39.

US Census Bureau. 2023 population projections for the nation by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin and nativity. Available from: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-kits/2023/population-projections.html. [Accessed 4 Dec 2023].

40.

Howlader N, Noone A, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K, Kosary C et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review (CSR) 1975-2014. Cancer prevalence tables, January 1, 2014. 2017. Available from: https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2014/. [Accessed 12 Dec 2023].

41.

Fulton Z, Dandamudi N. Epidemiology: follicular lymphoma. In: NHL. Follicular lymphoma forecast and market analysis to 2025. Available from: https://pharmastore.informa.com/product/nhl-follicular-lymphoma/. [Accessed 12 Dec 2023].

42.

Potnis KC, Di M, Isufi I, Gowda L, Seropian SE, Foss FM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in adults with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. Blood Adv. 2023;7(5):801–10. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008097.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. CAR T cell therapy: a guide for adult patients & caregivers. 2023. Available from: https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/car-cell-therapy-guide-adult-patients-caregivers. [Accessed 30 Nov 2023].

44.

Cho SK, Manzoor BS, Sail KR, Parisé H, Ravelo A, Shapouri S, et al. Budget impact of 12-month fixed treatment duration venetoclax in combination with obinutuzumab in previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients in the United States. Pharmacoeconomics. 2020;38(9):941–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-020-00919-1.CrossRefPubMed

45.

Appukkuttan S, Farej R, Miles L, Purser M, Wen L. Budget impact analysis of darolutamide for treatment of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2021;27(2):166–74. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2020.20330.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Cai B, Zhou ZY, Xue W, Hazra NC, Singh M, Mishra D, et al. Budget impact of capmatinib for adults with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer harboring a MET exon 14 skipping mutation in the United States. J Med Econ. 2021;24(1):131–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2020.1867470.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Liu S, Yang K, Carter J, Zimmerman T, Tang B. POSA145 budget impact of zanubrutinib to treat relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma from a payer perspective in the United States. Value Health. 2022;25(1):S62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2021.11.288.CrossRef

48.

Davies KR, Kamalakar R, Yu J, Huang Y, Wang A, Sail K, et al. Health care resource utilization and costs of CAR T therapy in patients with large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective US claims database analysis. Blood. 2022;140(Suppl 1):5058–9. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2022-157758.CrossRef

49.

Oluwole OO, Ray MD, Zur R, Little A, Ferrufino C, Doble B, et al. Cost-effectiveness of axicabtagene ciloleucel versus mosunetuzumab in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma in the US. Blood. 2023;142(Suppl 1):5082. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-186548.CrossRef

50.

Keating SJ, Gu T, Jun MP, McBride A. Health care resource utilization and total costs of care among patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma treated with chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in the United States. Transplant Cell Ther. 2022;28(7):404.e1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtct.2022.03.021.CrossRefPubMed

51.

Maziarz RT, Yang H, Liu Q, Wang T, Zhao J, Lim S, et al. Real-world healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel among patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: an analysis of hospital data in the United States. Leuk Lymphoma. 2022;63:2052–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2022.2060503.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Schuster SJ, Sehn LH, Bartlett NL, Matasar M, Assouline S, Giri P, et al. Mosunetuzumab monotherapy continues to demonstrate durable responses in patients with relapsed and/or refractory follicular lymphoma after ≥2 prior therapies: 3-year follow-up from a pivotal phase II study. Blood. 2023;142:603. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-173692.CrossRef

53.

Neelapu SS, Chavez JC, Sehgal A, Epperla N, Ulrickson ML, Bachy E, et al. Three-year follow-up analysis of axicabtagene ciloleucel in relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ZUMA-5). Blood. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2023021243.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

54.

Neelapu SS, Chavez JC, Sehgal AR, Epperla N, Ulrickson ML, Bachy E, et al. Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-Cel) in patients with relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 4-year follow-up from the phase 2 ZUMA-5 trial. Blood. 2023;142(Suppl 1):4868. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-174914.CrossRef

55.

Schuster SJ, Fowler N, Dickinson M, Martinez-Lopez J, Kolstad A, Butler J, et al. Clinical outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma treated with tisagenlecleucel: phase 2 Elara 3-year follow-up. Blood. 2023;142(Suppl 1):601. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-180936.CrossRef

56.

Leonard JP, Trneny M, Offner F, Mayer J, Zhang H, Nowakowski GS, et al. Five-year results and overall survival update from the phase 3 randomized study augment: lenalidomide plus rituximab (R2) vs rituximab plus placebo in patients with relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2022;140(Suppl. 1):561–3. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2022-158631.CrossRef

57.

Gribben JG, Ghione P, Palomba ML, Ray MD, Limbrick-Oldfield EH, Kanters S, et al. An updated comparison of clinical outcomes from 4-year follow-up of Zuma-5 (axicabtagene ciloleucel) and the international Scholar-5 external control cohort in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma. Blood. 2023;142(Suppl. 1):4869. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-186842.CrossRef

58.

Briggs A, Sculpher M, Claxton K. Decision modelling for health economic evaluation. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.CrossRef

59.

Sehn LH, Goy A, Offner FC, Martinelli G, Caballero MD, Gadeberg O, et al. Randomized phase II trial comparing obinutuzumab (GA101) with rituximab in patients with relapsed CD20+ indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: final analysis of the GAUSS Study. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(30):3467–74. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.59.2139.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Rummel M, Kaiser U, Balser C, Stauch M, Brugger W, Welslau M, et al. Bendamustine plus rituximab versus fludarabine plus rituximab for patients with relapsed indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(1):57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00447-7.CrossRefPubMed

61.

van Oers MH, Van Glabbeke M, Giurgea L, Klasa R, Marcus RE, Wolf M, et al. Rituximab maintenance treatment of relapsed/resistant follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: long-term outcome of the EORTC 20981 phase III randomized intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(17):2853–8. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.26.5827.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

62.

Sehn LH, Chua N, Mayer J, Dueck G, Trněný M, Bouabdallah K, et al. Obinutuzumab plus bendamustine versus bendamustine monotherapy in patients with rituximab-refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (GADOLIN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(8):1081–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30097-3.CrossRefPubMed

63.

Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). NDA/BLA multi‐disciplinary review and evaluation 213400 - Tazverik (tazemetostat). 2019.

64.

Celgene Corporation. REVLIMID (lenalidomide): highlights of prescribing information. 2021. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/021880s057lbl.pdf. [Accessed 18 Apr 2022].

65.

Bristol Myers Squibb. R² revlimid/rituximab promotional brochure. 2021. Available from: https://media.revlimidhcp.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/R2-Efficacy.pdf. [Accessed 23 Jan 2024].

66.

Jacobson CA, Chavez JC, Sehgal AR, William BM, Munoz J, Salles G, et al. Axicabtagene ciloleucel in relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ZUMA-5): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(1):91–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00591-x.CrossRefPubMed

67.

US FDA. Multi-disciplinary review and evaluation. BLA 125643/394 clinical review and evaluation: Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel). 2022. Available from: https://fda.report/media/157687/April-1-2022-Clinical-Review-and-Evaluation-YESCART_0.pdf. [Accessed 23 Jan 2024].

Title: Budget Impact of Introducing Fixed-Duration Mosunetuzumab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma After Two or More Lines of Systemic Therapy in the USA
Authors: Shih-Wen Lin
Sheila Shapouri
Hélène Parisé
Eric Bercaw
Mei Wu
Eunice Kim
Matthew Matasar
Publication date: 01-02-2024
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: Systemic Therapy
Lymphoma
CAR T-Cell Therapy
Rituximab
Rituximab
Published in: PharmacoEconomics / Issue 5/2024
Print ISSN: 1170-7690
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2027
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-024-01358-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Budget Impact of Introducing Fixed-Duration Mosunetuzumab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma After Two or More Lines of Systemic Therapy in the USA

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2024

Comment on: A Framework for the Fair Pricing of Medicines

Value of Information for Clinical Trial Design: The Importance of Considering All Relevant Comparators

Population Norms for the EQ-5D-5L, PROPr and SF-6D in Hungary

Reply to Comment on “A Framework for Fair Pricing of Medicines”

Challenges and Opportunities in Interdisciplinary Research and Real-World Data for Treatment Sequences in Health Technology Assessments

Critical Examination of Modeling Approaches Used in Economic Evaluations of First-Line Treatments for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations: A Systematic Literature Review