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11-01-2023 | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | REVIEW ARTICLE

Cardiovascular health worsening in patients with autoimmune rheumatological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

Authors: Dionicio A. Galarza-Delgado, Jose R. Azpiri-Lopez, Iris J. Colunga-Pedraza, Jesus Alberto Cardenas-de la Garza, Valeria Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Victor M. Beltran-Aguilar, Angel G. Arias-Peralta, Natalia De Avila-Gonzalez, Natalia Guajardo-Jauregui

Published in: Clinical Rheumatology | Issue 10/2023

Abstract

Rheumatic autoimmune diseases are associated with a myriad of comorbidities. Of particular importance due to their morbimortality are cardiovascular diseases. COVID-19 greatly impacted the world population in many different areas. Patients with rheumatic diseases had to face changes in their healthcare, in addition to unemployment, a decrease in physical activity, social isolation, and lack of access to certain medications. This review summarizes the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and unhealthy behaviors in patients with rheumatic inflammatory autoimmune diseases, particularly focused on rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Searches were carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus from August to December 2022. Four reviewers screened the title and abstract of retrieved records. Potentially eligible reports were then reviewed in full text. Differences were reconciled by either consensus or discussion with an external reviewer. During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with rheumatic diseases showed an increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders (43.2–57.7%), reduced physical activity (56.8%), and a worsening in eating behaviors. Alcohol intake increased (18.2%), especially in early phases of the pandemic. Smoking prevalence decreased (28.2%). Dyslipidemia and hypertension showed no changes. The pandemic and lockdown affected rheumatic patients not only in disease-related characteristics but in the prevalence of their cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors. Lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating, physical activity, and optimal management of their rheumatic diseases and comorbidities, are essential to manage the long-lasting consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Key Points

• During the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, depression, sedentarism, obesity, and a worsening in eating behaviors increased.

•Patients with rheumatic diseases and comorbidities have worse clinical outcomes and a higher cardiovascular disease burden than those without them.

•Comparative studies are necessary to precisely elucidate the pandemic’s impact on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Title: Cardiovascular health worsening in patients with autoimmune rheumatological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dionicio A. Galarza-Delgado
Jose R. Azpiri-Lopez
Iris J. Colunga-Pedraza
Jesus Alberto Cardenas-de la Garza
Valeria Gonzalez-Gonzalez
Victor M. Beltran-Aguilar
Angel G. Arias-Peralta
Natalia De Avila-Gonzalez
Natalia Guajardo-Jauregui
Publication date: 11-01-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Dyslipidemia
Mood Disorders
SARS-CoV-2
Affective Disorder
COVID-19
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Anxiety
Published in: Clinical Rheumatology / Issue 10/2023
Print ISSN: 0770-3198
Electronic ISSN: 1434-9949
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-022-06486-4

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