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European Journal of Nutrition
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition 2/2016

Open Access 01-11-2016 | Original Contribution

Sugars, obesity, and cardiovascular disease: results from recent randomized control trials

Authors: James M. Rippe, Theodore J. Angelopoulos

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Special Issue 2/2016

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Abstract

The relationship between sugar consumption and various health-related sequelas is controversial. Some investigators have argued that excessive sugar consumption is associated with increased risk of obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and stimulation of reward pathways in the brain potentially causing excessive caloric consumption. These concerns have influenced organizations such as the World Health Organization, the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition in England not to exceed 5 % of total energy and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee 2015 to recommend upper limits of sugar consumption not to exceed 10 % of calories. Data from many randomized control trials (RCTs) do not support linkages between sugar consumption at normal levels within the human diet and various adverse metabolic and health-related effects. Fructose and glucose are typically consumed together in roughly equal proportions from high-fructose corn syrup (also known as isoglucose in Europe) or sucrose. The purpose of this review is to present data from recent RCTs and findings from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to sugar consumption and its putative health effects. This review evaluates findings from recent randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses into the relationship of sugar consumption and a range of health-related issues including energy-regulating hormones, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and accumulation of liver fat and neurologic responses. Data from these sources do not support linkages between sugar consumption at normal levels within the human diet and various adverse metabolic and health-related effects.
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Metadata
Title
Sugars, obesity, and cardiovascular disease: results from recent randomized control trials
Authors
James M. Rippe
Theodore J. Angelopoulos
Publication date
01-11-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Nutrition / Issue Special Issue 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1257-2

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