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01-12-2020 | Stroke | Review Article

The role of peripheral monocytes and macrophages in ischemic stroke

Authors: Dong Han, Hang Liu, Yan Gao

Published in: Neurological Sciences | Issue 12/2020

Abstract

After acute ischemic stroke (AIS), peripheral monocytes infiltrate into the lesion site within 24 h, peak at 3 to 7 days, and then differentiate into macrophages. Traditionally, monocytes/macrophages (MMs) are thought to play a deleterious role in AIS. Depletion of MMs in the acute phase can alleviate brain injury induced by ischemia. However, several studies have shown that MMs have anti-inflammatory functions, participate in angiogenesis, phagocytose necrotic neurons, and promote neurovascular repair. Therefore, MMs play dual roles in ischemic stroke, depending mainly upon the MM microenvironment and the window of time post-stroke. Because activated microglia and MMs are similar in morphology and function, previous studies have often investigated them together. However, recent studies have used special methods to distinguish MMs from microglia and have found that MMs have properties which differ from microglia. Here, we review the unique role of MMs and the interaction between MMs and neurovascular units, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and microvessels. Future therapeutics targeting MMs should regulate the polarization and subset transformation of the MMs at different stages of AIS rather than comprehensively suppressing MM infiltration and differentiation. In addition, more studies are needed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of MM subsets and polarization during ischemic stroke.

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Title: The role of peripheral monocytes and macrophages in ischemic stroke
Authors: Dong Han
Hang Liu
Yan Gao
Publication date: 01-12-2020
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keyword: Stroke
Published in: Neurological Sciences / Issue 12/2020
Print ISSN: 1590-1874
Electronic ISSN: 1590-3478
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04777-9

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

The role of peripheral monocytes and macrophages in ischemic stroke

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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