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Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

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01-03-2022 | Stroke | Stroke (B. Ovbiagele, Section Editor)

Recent Advances in the Impact of Infection and Inflammation on Stroke Risk and Outcomes

Authors: Stephanie E. Oh, Neal S. Parikh

Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Issue 3/2022

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

Inflammation is a key component in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases. In the past few years, the role of systemic infection and gut dysbiosis in modulating inflammation and stroke risk has been increasingly acknowledged. In this review, we synthesize contemporary literature on the effects of infection and inflammation on stroke risk and outcomes, with a focus on periodontal disease, COVID-19 infection, and gut dysbiosis.

Recent Findings

Chronic and acute infections such as periodontitis and COVID-19 induce systemic inflammation that cause atherogenesis and increase cardiac injury and arrhythmias. These infections also directly injure the endothelium leading to worsened secondary inflammation after stroke. Gut dysbiosis engenders a pro-inflammatory state by modulating intestinal lymphocyte populations that can traffic directly to the brain. Additionally, post-stroke immune dysregulation creates a compounding feedback loop of further infections and gut dysbiosis that worsen outcomes.

Summary

Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of how infection and dysbiosis affect the progression of stroke, as well as long-term recovery, have revealed tantalizing glimpses at potential therapeutic targets. We discuss the multidirectional relationship between stroke, infection, and gut dysbiosis, and identify areas for future research to further explore therapeutic opportunities.

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Title: Recent Advances in the Impact of Infection and Inflammation on Stroke Risk and Outcomes
Authors: Stephanie E. Oh
Neal S. Parikh
Publication date: 01-03-2022
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Stroke
COVID-19
Gingival Diseases
Respiratory Microbiota
Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Issue 3/2022
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-022-01179-6

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Recent Advances in the Impact of Infection and Inflammation on Stroke Risk and Outcomes

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

Recent Findings

Summary

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Other articles of this Issue 3/2022

Essential Tremor—Do We Have Better Therapeutics? A Review of Recent Advances and Future Directions

Gamified Neurorehabilitation Strategies for Post-stroke Motor Recovery: Challenges and Advantages

Neuro-Visual and Vestibular Manifestations of Concussion and Mild TBI

Neuromodulation Treatments for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-concussive Symptoms

The Allure of Big Data to Improve Stroke Outcomes: Review of Current Literature

Visual Snow: Updates on Pathology