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Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

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01-11-2020 | Strabismus | Miscellaneous

Acute acquired concomitant esotropia associated with myopia: is the condition related to any binocular function failure?

Authors: Celeste Ruatta, Costantino Schiavi

Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Issue 11/2020

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the sensory motor state, accommodation, and accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio (AC/A) in a cohort of non-amblyopic myopes with acquired concomitant esotropia (Bielschowsky esotropia (BE)).

Methods

Refraction, near and far deviation, fusional amplitude (FA), near point of accommodation (NPA), AC/A (gradient method), and stereopsis were measured in a cohort of 26 patients (25 phakic and 1 pseudophakic, age: 14–60 years) with BE, prospectively recruited from January to September 2019 at St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to correlate distance with near deviation, distance with near divergence FA and angle of deviation with FA (statistical significance: p values < 0.05).

Results

Myopia range was 0–17.5 diopters (D) spherical equivalent (mean: 4.4 D). A positive correlation resulted between distance (mean: 23.7 prism diopters/PD, range: 4–40 PD) and near (mean: 23.7 PD, range: 2–45 PD) deviation (p < 0.00001) and between distance (mean: 12.6 PD, range 0–34 PD) and near (mean: 17.0 PD, range 3–36 PD) divergence FA (p < 0.00001). A non-significant correlation resulted between angle of deviation and divergent FA at near (p = 0.07) and distance (p = 0.13) fixation. NPA was within normal limits for age. AC/C ratio range was 0–8 (mean: 3). Twenty-three patients showed Randot stereopsis.

Conclusions

BE shows high variability in the age of onset, degree of associated myopia, AC/A, and divergent FA. A little stronger near divergent FA can justify the better compensation at near fixation. These results show that uncorrected myopia, accommodation, and divergence paralysis do not concur with the genesis of BE.

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Title: Acute acquired concomitant esotropia associated with myopia: is the condition related to any binocular function failure?
Authors: Celeste Ruatta
Costantino Schiavi
Publication date: 01-11-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Strabismus
Strabismus
Diplopia
Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Issue 11/2020
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04818-1

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Acute acquired concomitant esotropia associated with myopia: is the condition related to any binocular function failure?

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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