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Journal of Hematology & Oncology
Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Solid Tumor | Review

Small-molecule inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and more: FDA-approved novel therapeutic drugs for solid tumors from 1991 to 2021

Authors: Qing Wu, Wei Qian, Xiaoli Sun, Shaojie Jiang

Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs (excluding vaccines, cell-based therapies, and gene therapy products) have been approved as new molecular entities (NMEs) or biologics license applications (BLAs). A total of 228 of these 1050 drugs were identified as cancer therapeutics or cancer-related drugs, and 120 of them were classified as therapeutic drugs for solid tumors according to their initial indications. These drugs have evolved from small molecules with broad-spectrum antitumor properties in the early stage to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) with a more precise targeting effect during the most recent decade. These drugs have extended indications for other malignancies, constituting a cancer treatment system for monotherapy or combined therapy. However, the available targets are still mainly limited to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), restricting the development of antitumor drugs. In this review, these 120 drugs are summarized and classified according to the initial indications, characteristics, or functions. Additionally, RTK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies are also discussed. Our analysis of existing challenges and potential opportunities in drug development may advance solid tumor treatment in the future.
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Metadata
Title
Small-molecule inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and more: FDA-approved novel therapeutic drugs for solid tumors from 1991 to 2021
Authors
Qing Wu
Wei Qian
Xiaoli Sun
Shaojie Jiang
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Hematology & Oncology / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1756-8722
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-022-01362-9

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