Skip to main content
Top

08-04-2024 | Soft Tissue Sarcoma | Review Article

Isolated Limb Perfusion for Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Malignant Melanoma

Authors: Michael Russell, Michelle Wilkinson, Andrew Hayes

Published in: Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology

Login to get access

Abstract

Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is a regional chemotherapy technique used in the treatment of locally advanced or unresectable extremity soft tissue sarcoma (ESTS) or malignant melanoma (MM) of the limbs. It allows for high concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents to be perfused in the limb while minimising the risk of systemic side-effects. While the technique has been utilized for decades, the role of ILP has evolved as other treatment strategies have become available. Current indications for ILP in sarcoma include induction in unresectable ESTS to allow for future definitive limb preservation procedures as well as definitive treatment of unresectable, multifocal ESTS. In MM, ILP is typically used in unresectable in-transit melanoma, and rarely as an alternative to amputation in bulky, symptomatic extremity disease. This review seeks to summarise the current evidence base and indications for ILP as well as present some technical insights from a high-volume United Kingdom (UK) unit.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Jakob J et al (2018) Regional chemotherapy by isolated limb perfusion prior to surgery compared with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy for primary, locally advanced extremity sarcoma: a comparison of matched cohorts. Clin Sarcoma Res 8:1–9CrossRef Jakob J et al (2018) Regional chemotherapy by isolated limb perfusion prior to surgery compared with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy for primary, locally advanced extremity sarcoma: a comparison of matched cohorts. Clin Sarcoma Res 8:1–9CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Sevilla-Ortega L et al (2021) Role of isolated limb perfusion in the era of targeted therapies and immunotherapy in melanoma. A systematic review of the literature. Cancers (Basel) 13:5485 Sevilla-Ortega L et al (2021) Role of isolated limb perfusion in the era of targeted therapies and immunotherapy in melanoma. A systematic review of the literature. Cancers (Basel) 13:5485
3.
go back to reference Bhangu A, Broom L, Nepogodiev D, Gourevitch D, Desai A (2013) Outcomes of isolated limb perfusion in the treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcoma: A systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol 39:311–319PubMedCrossRef Bhangu A, Broom L, Nepogodiev D, Gourevitch D, Desai A (2013) Outcomes of isolated limb perfusion in the treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcoma: A systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol 39:311–319PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Davies EJ, Reijers SJM, Van Akkooi ACJ, Van Houdt WJ, Hayes AJ (2022) Isolated limb perfusion for locally advanced melanoma in the immunotherapy era. Eur J Surg Oncol 48:1288–1292PubMedCrossRef Davies EJ, Reijers SJM, Van Akkooi ACJ, Van Houdt WJ, Hayes AJ (2022) Isolated limb perfusion for locally advanced melanoma in the immunotherapy era. Eur J Surg Oncol 48:1288–1292PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Klopp CT, Alford TC, Bateman J, Berry GN, Winship T (1950) Fractionated intra-arterial cancer; chemotherapy with methyl bis amine hydrochloride; a preliminary report. Ann Surg 132:811–832PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Klopp CT, Alford TC, Bateman J, Berry GN, Winship T (1950) Fractionated intra-arterial cancer; chemotherapy with methyl bis amine hydrochloride; a preliminary report. Ann Surg 132:811–832PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Creech O Jr, Ryan RF, Krementz ET (1959) Treatment of melanoma by isolation-perfusion technique. J Am Med Assoc 169:339–343PubMedCrossRef Creech O Jr, Ryan RF, Krementz ET (1959) Treatment of melanoma by isolation-perfusion technique. J Am Med Assoc 169:339–343PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Cavaliere R et al (1967) Selective heat sensitivity of cancer cells. Biochem Clin Stud Cancer 20:1351–1381 Cavaliere R et al (1967) Selective heat sensitivity of cancer cells. Biochem Clin Stud Cancer 20:1351–1381
8.
go back to reference Grünhagen DJ, de Wilt JHW, ten Hagen TLM, Eggermont AMM (2006) Technology Insight: utility of TNF-α-based isolated limb perfusion to avoid amputation of irresectable tumors of the extremities. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 3:94–103PubMedCrossRef Grünhagen DJ, de Wilt JHW, ten Hagen TLM, Eggermont AMM (2006) Technology Insight: utility of TNF-α-based isolated limb perfusion to avoid amputation of irresectable tumors of the extremities. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 3:94–103PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Moreno-Ramirez D, Cruz-Merino L, Ferrandiz L, Villegas-Portero R, Nieto-Garcia A (2010) Isolated Limb Perfusion for Malignant Melanoma: Systematic Review on Effectiveness and Safety. Oncologist 15:416–427PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Moreno-Ramirez D, Cruz-Merino L, Ferrandiz L, Villegas-Portero R, Nieto-Garcia A (2010) Isolated Limb Perfusion for Malignant Melanoma: Systematic Review on Effectiveness and Safety. Oncologist 15:416–427PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Vrouenraets BC, Nieweg OE, Kroon BBR (1996) Thirty-five years of isolated limb perfusion for melanoma: Indications and results. Br J Surg 83:1319–1328PubMedCrossRef Vrouenraets BC, Nieweg OE, Kroon BBR (1996) Thirty-five years of isolated limb perfusion for melanoma: Indications and results. Br J Surg 83:1319–1328PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Lienard D, Ewalenko P, Delmotte JJ, Renard N, Lejeune FJ (1992) High-dose recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon gamma and melphalan in isolation perfusion of the limbs for melanoma and sarcoma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 10:52–60CrossRef Lienard D, Ewalenko P, Delmotte JJ, Renard N, Lejeune FJ (1992) High-dose recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon gamma and melphalan in isolation perfusion of the limbs for melanoma and sarcoma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 10:52–60CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Lejeune FJ (2002) Clinical use of TNF revisited: improving penetration of anti-cancer agents by increasing vascular permeability. J Clin Invest 110:433–435PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lejeune FJ (2002) Clinical use of TNF revisited: improving penetration of anti-cancer agents by increasing vascular permeability. J Clin Invest 110:433–435PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Van Der Veen AH et al (2000) TNF-α augments intratumoural concentrations of doxorubicin in TNF-α-based isolated limb perfusion in rat sarcoma models and enhances anti-tumour effects. Br J Cancer 82:973–980PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Van Der Veen AH et al (2000) TNF-α augments intratumoural concentrations of doxorubicin in TNF-α-based isolated limb perfusion in rat sarcoma models and enhances anti-tumour effects. Br J Cancer 82:973–980PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Eggermont AMM et al (1996) Isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor and melphalan for limb salvage in 186 patients with locally advanced soft tissue extremity sarcomas: The cumulative multicenter European experience. Ann Surg 224:756–765PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Eggermont AMM et al (1996) Isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor and melphalan for limb salvage in 186 patients with locally advanced soft tissue extremity sarcomas: The cumulative multicenter European experience. Ann Surg 224:756–765PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Bonvalot S et al (2009) Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion in locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma and progressive desmoid-type fibromatosis with TNF 1 mg and melphalan (T1-M HILP) is safe and efficient. Ann Surg Oncol 16:3350–3357PubMedCrossRef Bonvalot S et al (2009) Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion in locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma and progressive desmoid-type fibromatosis with TNF 1 mg and melphalan (T1-M HILP) is safe and efficient. Ann Surg Oncol 16:3350–3357PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Hayes AJ, Neuhaus SJ, Clark MA, Thomas JM (2007) Isolated limb perfusion with melphalan and tumor necrosis factor α for advanced melanoma and soft-tissue sarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol 14:230–238PubMedCrossRef Hayes AJ, Neuhaus SJ, Clark MA, Thomas JM (2007) Isolated limb perfusion with melphalan and tumor necrosis factor α for advanced melanoma and soft-tissue sarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol 14:230–238PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Bonvalot S et al (2005) Limb salvage with isolated perfusion for soft tissue sarcoma: Could less TNF-α be better? Ann Oncol 16:1061–1068PubMedCrossRef Bonvalot S et al (2005) Limb salvage with isolated perfusion for soft tissue sarcoma: Could less TNF-α be better? Ann Oncol 16:1061–1068PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Podleska LE et al (2014) Drug dosage in isolated limb perfusion: Evaluation of a limb volume model for extremity volume calculation. World J Surg Oncol 12:1–9CrossRef Podleska LE et al (2014) Drug dosage in isolated limb perfusion: Evaluation of a limb volume model for extremity volume calculation. World J Surg Oncol 12:1–9CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Deroose JP et al (2011) Long-term results of tumor necrosis factor α- and melphalan-based isolated limb perfusion in locally advanced extremity soft tissue sarcomas. J Clin Oncol 29:4036–4044PubMedCrossRef Deroose JP et al (2011) Long-term results of tumor necrosis factor α- and melphalan-based isolated limb perfusion in locally advanced extremity soft tissue sarcomas. J Clin Oncol 29:4036–4044PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Van Ginkel RJ et al (2007) Isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor alpha and melphalan for locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma: Three time periods at risk for amputation. Ann Surg Oncol 14:1499–1506PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Van Ginkel RJ et al (2007) Isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor alpha and melphalan for locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma: Three time periods at risk for amputation. Ann Surg Oncol 14:1499–1506PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Erdmann F et al (2013) International trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma 1953–2008-are recent generations at higher or lower risk? Int J Cancer 132:385–400PubMedCrossRef Erdmann F et al (2013) International trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma 1953–2008-are recent generations at higher or lower risk? Int J Cancer 132:385–400PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Gershenwald JE, Scolyer RA (2018) Melanoma staging: American joint committee on cancer (AJCC) 8th edition and beyond. Ann Surg Oncol 25:2105–2110PubMedCrossRef Gershenwald JE, Scolyer RA (2018) Melanoma staging: American joint committee on cancer (AJCC) 8th edition and beyond. Ann Surg Oncol 25:2105–2110PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Wolchok JD et al (2022) Long-term outcomes with nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol 40:127–137PubMedCrossRef Wolchok JD et al (2022) Long-term outcomes with nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol 40:127–137PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Lebbé C et al (2019) Evaluation of two dosing regimens for nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: Results from the phase IIIb/IV CheckMate 511 trial. J Clin Oncol 37:867–875PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lebbé C et al (2019) Evaluation of two dosing regimens for nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: Results from the phase IIIb/IV CheckMate 511 trial. J Clin Oncol 37:867–875PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Ascierto PA et al (2013) Phase II trial (BREAK-2) of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436) in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 31:3205–3211PubMedCrossRef Ascierto PA et al (2013) Phase II trial (BREAK-2) of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436) in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 31:3205–3211PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Pasquali S, Hadjinicolaou AV, Chiarion Sileni V, Rossi CR, Mocellin S (2018) Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Pasquali S, Hadjinicolaou AV, Chiarion Sileni V, Rossi CR, Mocellin S (2018) Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018
27.
go back to reference Hayes AJ, Clark MA, Harries M, Thomas JM (2004) Management of in-transit metastases from cutaneous malignant melanoma. Br J Surg 91:673–682PubMedCrossRef Hayes AJ, Clark MA, Harries M, Thomas JM (2004) Management of in-transit metastases from cutaneous malignant melanoma. Br J Surg 91:673–682PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Read RL et al (2015) In-transit Melanoma Metastases: Incidence, Prognosis, and the Role of Lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 22:475–481PubMedCrossRef Read RL et al (2015) In-transit Melanoma Metastases: Incidence, Prognosis, and the Role of Lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 22:475–481PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Andtbacka RHI et al (2019) Final analyses of OPTiM: A randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in unresectable stage III-IV melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 7:1–11CrossRef Andtbacka RHI et al (2019) Final analyses of OPTiM: A randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in unresectable stage III-IV melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 7:1–11CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Nan Tie E, Henderson MA, Gyorki DE (2019) Management of in-transit melanoma metastases: a review. ANZ J Surg 89:647–652PubMedCrossRef Nan Tie E, Henderson MA, Gyorki DE (2019) Management of in-transit melanoma metastases: a review. ANZ J Surg 89:647–652PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Patel A, Carr MJ, Sun J, Zager JS (2022) In-transit metastatic cutaneous melanoma: current management and future directions. Clin Exp Metastasis 39:201–211PubMedCrossRef Patel A, Carr MJ, Sun J, Zager JS (2022) In-transit metastatic cutaneous melanoma: current management and future directions. Clin Exp Metastasis 39:201–211PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Schachter J et al (2017) Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006). Lancet 390:1853–1862PubMedCrossRef Schachter J et al (2017) Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006). Lancet 390:1853–1862PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Weber J et al (2017) Adjuvant Nivolumab versus Ipilimumab in Resected Stage III or IV Melanoma. N Engl J Med 377:1824–1835PubMedCrossRef Weber J et al (2017) Adjuvant Nivolumab versus Ipilimumab in Resected Stage III or IV Melanoma. N Engl J Med 377:1824–1835PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Long GV et al (2017) Adjuvant Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in Stage III BRAF -Mutated Melanoma. N Engl J Med 377:1813–1823PubMedCrossRef Long GV et al (2017) Adjuvant Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in Stage III BRAF -Mutated Melanoma. N Engl J Med 377:1813–1823PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Deroose JP et al (2012) 20 years experience of TNF-based isolated limb perfusion for in-transit melanoma metastases: TNF dose matters. Ann Surg Oncol 19:627–635PubMedCrossRef Deroose JP et al (2012) 20 years experience of TNF-based isolated limb perfusion for in-transit melanoma metastases: TNF dose matters. Ann Surg Oncol 19:627–635PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Koops HS et al (1998) Prophylactic isolated limb perfusion for localized, high-risk limb melanoma: results of a multicenter randomized phase III trial. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group Protocol 18832, the World He. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 16:2906–2912CrossRef Koops HS et al (1998) Prophylactic isolated limb perfusion for localized, high-risk limb melanoma: results of a multicenter randomized phase III trial. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group Protocol 18832, the World He. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 16:2906–2912CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Cornett WR et al (2006) Randomized multicenter trial of hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with melphalan alone compared with melphalan plus tumor necrosis factor: American College of Surgeons Oncology Group trial Z0020. J Clin Oncol 24:4196–4201PubMedCrossRef Cornett WR et al (2006) Randomized multicenter trial of hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with melphalan alone compared with melphalan plus tumor necrosis factor: American College of Surgeons Oncology Group trial Z0020. J Clin Oncol 24:4196–4201PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Lejeune FJ, Eggermont AMM (2007) Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor is a useful therapy for advanced melanoma of the limbs [7]. J Clin Oncol 25:1449–1450PubMedCrossRef Lejeune FJ, Eggermont AMM (2007) Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor is a useful therapy for advanced melanoma of the limbs [7]. J Clin Oncol 25:1449–1450PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Thompson JF, Kam PC, Waugh RC, Harman CR (1998) Isolated limb infusion with cytotoxic agents: a simple alternative to isolated limb perfusion. Semin Surg Oncol 14:238–247PubMedCrossRef Thompson JF, Kam PC, Waugh RC, Harman CR (1998) Isolated limb infusion with cytotoxic agents: a simple alternative to isolated limb perfusion. Semin Surg Oncol 14:238–247PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Beasley GM et al (2008) Isolated limb infusion for in-transit malignant melanoma of the extremity: A well-tolerated but less effective alternative to hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion. Ann Surg Oncol 15:2195–2205PubMedCrossRef Beasley GM et al (2008) Isolated limb infusion for in-transit malignant melanoma of the extremity: A well-tolerated but less effective alternative to hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion. Ann Surg Oncol 15:2195–2205PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Dossett LA, Ben-Shabat I, OlofssonBagge R, Zager JS (2016) Clinical response and regional toxicity following isolated limb infusion compared with isolated limb perfusion for in-transit melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 23:2330–2335PubMedCrossRef Dossett LA, Ben-Shabat I, OlofssonBagge R, Zager JS (2016) Clinical response and regional toxicity following isolated limb infusion compared with isolated limb perfusion for in-transit melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 23:2330–2335PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Dangoor A et al (2016) UK guidelines for the management of soft tissue sarcomas. Clin Sarcoma Res 6:1–26CrossRef Dangoor A et al (2016) UK guidelines for the management of soft tissue sarcomas. Clin Sarcoma Res 6:1–26CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Grimer R, Judson I, Peake D, Seddon B (2010) Guidelines for the management of soft tissue sarcomas. Sarcoma 2010 Grimer R, Judson I, Peake D, Seddon B (2010) Guidelines for the management of soft tissue sarcomas. Sarcoma 2010
45.
go back to reference Coindre JM et al (2001) Predictive value of grade for metastasis development in the main histologic types of adult soft tissue sarcomas: a study of 1240 patients from the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group. Cancer 91:1914–1926PubMedCrossRef Coindre JM et al (2001) Predictive value of grade for metastasis development in the main histologic types of adult soft tissue sarcomas: a study of 1240 patients from the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group. Cancer 91:1914–1926PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Wray CJ et al (2011) Isolated limb perfusion for unresectable extremity sarcoma. Cancer 117:3235–3241PubMedCrossRef Wray CJ et al (2011) Isolated limb perfusion for unresectable extremity sarcoma. Cancer 117:3235–3241PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Woll PJ et al (2012) Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and lenograstim for resected soft-tissue sarcoma (EORTC 62931): A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 13:1045–1054PubMedCrossRef Woll PJ et al (2012) Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and lenograstim for resected soft-tissue sarcoma (EORTC 62931): A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 13:1045–1054PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Gronchi A et al (2017) Histotype-tailored neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy in patients with high-risk soft-tissue sarcomas (ISG-STS 1001): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3, multicentre trial. Lancet Oncol 18:812–822PubMedCrossRef Gronchi A et al (2017) Histotype-tailored neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy in patients with high-risk soft-tissue sarcomas (ISG-STS 1001): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3, multicentre trial. Lancet Oncol 18:812–822PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Pasquali S et al (2022) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk soft tissue sarcomas: A Sarculator-based risk stratification analysis of the ISG-STS 1001 randomized trial. Cancer 128:85–93PubMedCrossRef Pasquali S et al (2022) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk soft tissue sarcomas: A Sarculator-based risk stratification analysis of the ISG-STS 1001 randomized trial. Cancer 128:85–93PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Squires MH et al (2022) Extremity soft tissue sarcoma: a multi-institutional validation of prognostic nomograms. Ann Surg Oncol 29:3291–3301PubMedCrossRef Squires MH et al (2022) Extremity soft tissue sarcoma: a multi-institutional validation of prognostic nomograms. Ann Surg Oncol 29:3291–3301PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference O’Donnell PW et al (2014) The effect of the setting of a positive surgical margin in soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 120:2866–2875PubMedCrossRef O’Donnell PW et al (2014) The effect of the setting of a positive surgical margin in soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 120:2866–2875PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference O’Sullivan B et al (2002) Preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in soft-tissue sarcoma of the limbs: a randomised trial. Lancet (London, England) 359:2235–2241PubMedCrossRef O’Sullivan B et al (2002) Preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in soft-tissue sarcoma of the limbs: a randomised trial. Lancet (London, England) 359:2235–2241PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Davis AM et al (2005) Late radiation morbidity following randomization to preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Radiother Oncol J Eur Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 75:48–53CrossRef Davis AM et al (2005) Late radiation morbidity following randomization to preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Radiother Oncol J Eur Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 75:48–53CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Chung PWM et al (2009) Radiosensitivity translates into excellent local control in extremity myxoid liposarcoma: A comparison with other soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer 115:3254–3261PubMedCrossRef Chung PWM et al (2009) Radiosensitivity translates into excellent local control in extremity myxoid liposarcoma: A comparison with other soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer 115:3254–3261PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Hoekstra HJ, SchraffordtKoops H, Molenaar WM, Oldhoff J (1987) Results of isolated regional perfusion in the treatment of malignant soft tissue tumors of the extremities. Cancer 60:1703–1707PubMedCrossRef Hoekstra HJ, SchraffordtKoops H, Molenaar WM, Oldhoff J (1987) Results of isolated regional perfusion in the treatment of malignant soft tissue tumors of the extremities. Cancer 60:1703–1707PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Stehlin JSJ, de Ipolyi PD, Giovanella BC, Gutierrez AE, Anderson RF (1975) Soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity. Multidisciplinary therapy employing hyperthermic perfusion. Am J Surg 130:643–646PubMedCrossRef Stehlin JSJ, de Ipolyi PD, Giovanella BC, Gutierrez AE, Anderson RF (1975) Soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity. Multidisciplinary therapy employing hyperthermic perfusion. Am J Surg 130:643–646PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Grunhagen DJ et al (2006) Outcome and prognostic factor analysis of 217 consecutive isolated limb perfusions with tumor necrosis factor-α and melphalan for limb-threatening soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 106:1776–1784PubMedCrossRef Grunhagen DJ et al (2006) Outcome and prognostic factor analysis of 217 consecutive isolated limb perfusions with tumor necrosis factor-α and melphalan for limb-threatening soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 106:1776–1784PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Gutman M et al (1997) High dose tumor necrosis factor-alpha and melphalan administered via isolated limb perfusion for advanced limb soft tissue sarcoma results in a >90% response rate and limb preservation. Cancer 79:1129–1137PubMedCrossRef Gutman M et al (1997) High dose tumor necrosis factor-alpha and melphalan administered via isolated limb perfusion for advanced limb soft tissue sarcoma results in a >90% response rate and limb preservation. Cancer 79:1129–1137PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Lejeune FJ et al (2000) Limb salvage by neoadjuvant isolated perfusion with TNFalpha and melphalan for non-resectable soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. Eur J Surg Oncol J Eur Soc Surg Oncol Br Assoc Surg Oncol 26:669–678 Lejeune FJ et al (2000) Limb salvage by neoadjuvant isolated perfusion with TNFalpha and melphalan for non-resectable soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. Eur J Surg Oncol J Eur Soc Surg Oncol Br Assoc Surg Oncol 26:669–678
61.
go back to reference Noorda EM et al (2003) Isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor-α and melphalan for patients with unresectable soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. Cancer 98:1483–1490PubMedCrossRef Noorda EM et al (2003) Isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor-α and melphalan for patients with unresectable soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. Cancer 98:1483–1490PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Neuwirth MG et al (2017) Isolated limb perfusion and infusion for extremity soft tissue sarcoma: a contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 24:3803–3810PubMedCrossRef Neuwirth MG et al (2017) Isolated limb perfusion and infusion for extremity soft tissue sarcoma: a contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 24:3803–3810PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Lans TE, Grünhagen DJ, De Wilt JHW, Van Geel AN, Eggermont AMM (2005) Isolated limb perfusions with tumor necrosis factor and melphalan for locally recurrent soft tissue sarcoma in previously irradiated limbs. Ann Surg Oncol 12:406–411PubMedCrossRef Lans TE, Grünhagen DJ, De Wilt JHW, Van Geel AN, Eggermont AMM (2005) Isolated limb perfusions with tumor necrosis factor and melphalan for locally recurrent soft tissue sarcoma in previously irradiated limbs. Ann Surg Oncol 12:406–411PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference In’t Veld EH et al (2017) Isolated limb perfusion for locally advanced angiosarcoma in extremities: A multi-centre study. Eur J Cancer 85:114–121CrossRef In’t Veld EH et al (2017) Isolated limb perfusion for locally advanced angiosarcoma in extremities: A multi-centre study. Eur J Cancer 85:114–121CrossRef
65.
go back to reference Hoven-Gondrie ML et al (2008) Isolated limb perfusion and external beam radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity: Long-term effects on normal tissue according to the LENT-SOMA scoring system. Ann Surg Oncol 15:1502–1510PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hoven-Gondrie ML et al (2008) Isolated limb perfusion and external beam radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity: Long-term effects on normal tissue according to the LENT-SOMA scoring system. Ann Surg Oncol 15:1502–1510PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Pennacchioli E et al (2007) Advanced extremity soft tissue sarcoma: prognostic effect of isolated limb perfusion in a series of 88 patients treated at a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol 14:553–559PubMedCrossRef Pennacchioli E et al (2007) Advanced extremity soft tissue sarcoma: prognostic effect of isolated limb perfusion in a series of 88 patients treated at a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol 14:553–559PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Rastrelli M et al (2016) Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion in locally advanced limb soft tissue sarcoma: A 24-year single-centre experience. Int J Hyperth Off J Eur Soc Hyperthermic Oncol North Am Hyperth Gr 32:165–172CrossRef Rastrelli M et al (2016) Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion in locally advanced limb soft tissue sarcoma: A 24-year single-centre experience. Int J Hyperth Off J Eur Soc Hyperthermic Oncol North Am Hyperth Gr 32:165–172CrossRef
68.
go back to reference Hill S et al (1993) Low-dose tumour necrosis factor alpha and melphalan in hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion. Br J Surg 80:995–997PubMedCrossRef Hill S et al (1993) Low-dose tumour necrosis factor alpha and melphalan in hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion. Br J Surg 80:995–997PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Vaglini M et al (1994) Treatment of primary or relapsing limb cancer by isolation perfusion with high-dose alpha-tumor necrosis factor, gamma-interferon, and melphalan. Cancer 73:483–492PubMedCrossRef Vaglini M et al (1994) Treatment of primary or relapsing limb cancer by isolation perfusion with high-dose alpha-tumor necrosis factor, gamma-interferon, and melphalan. Cancer 73:483–492PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Isolated Limb Perfusion for Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Malignant Melanoma
Authors
Michael Russell
Michelle Wilkinson
Andrew Hayes
Publication date
08-04-2024
Publisher
Springer India
Published in
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology
Print ISSN: 0975-7651
Electronic ISSN: 0976-6952
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-024-01920-2