Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
AIDS Research and Therapy
Published in: AIDS Research and Therapy 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Sexually Transmitted Infection | Research

Factors associated with testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bangkok, Thailand

Authors: Trevor A. Crowell, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Narongrid Sirisopana, Tanyaporn Wansom, Suchai Kitsiripornchai, Leilani Francisco, Qun Li, Nicole Dear, Robert J. O’Connell, Punnee Pitisuttithum, Sandhya Vasan, for the RV348B Study Group

Published in: AIDS Research and Therapy | Issue 1/2022

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Routine screening for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) facilitates early diagnosis and treatment, thereby preventing morbidity and onward transmission. We estimated the prevalence of prior HIV/STI testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Bangkok, Thailand, and identified factors associated with prior testing.

Methods

Cross-sectional analyses were performed using data collected at enrollment into an HIV incidence cohort. From April to October 2017, MSM and TGW were enrolled if they were aged 18–35 years, reported anal intercourse with a male or TGW partner, and reported behavioral vulnerability to HIV. Participants answered questions about demographics, sexual behaviors, and lifetime HIV/STI testing history. Multivariable robust Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors potentially associated with prior testing.

Results

Among 1,014 participants, 348 (34.3%) were TGW and the median age was 21.6 (interquartile range 20.0-24.8) years. Prior testing for HIV was reported by 421 (41.5%) and for other STIs by 268 (26.4%). HIV testing was more common among participants aged ≥ 22 years (RR 1.37 [95% CI 1.13–1.67]), with college education as compared to secondary or less (RR 1.37 [95% CI 1.08–1.72]), and who met male sexual partners online (RR 1.52 [95% CI 1.24–1.85]), but lower among participants attracted to both men and women as compared to men only (RR 0.64 [95% CI 0.51–0.81]) and who met male sexual partners in bars (RR 0.83 [95% CI 0.72–0.97]). Similar associations were observed with prior testing for other STIs, including increased testing among participants with college education (RR 1.52 [95% CI 1.11–2.09]) and who met male sexual partners online (RR 1.73 [95% CI 1.30–2.31]), but lower among participants attracted to both men and women (RR 0.70 [95% CI 0.51–0.96]) and who met male sexual partners in bars (RR 0.67 [95% CI 0.54–0.83]).

Conclusions

Despite behavioral vulnerability, prior testing for HIV and other STIs was uncommon. Online engagement strategies may be effectively reaching Thai MSM and TGW who meet sexual partners online, but new interventions are needed to encourage testing among younger, less educated, and bisexual MSM and TGW.
Literature
1.
TEMPRANO ANRS Study Group, Danel C, Moh R, Gabillard D, Badje A, Le Carrou J, et al. A trial of early antiretrovirals and isoniazid preventive therapy in Africa. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(9):808–22.CrossRef
2.
INSIGHT START Study Group, Lundgren JD, Babiker AG, Gordin F, Emery S, Grund B, et al. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV Infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(9):795–807.CrossRef
3.
Grinsztejn B, Hosseinipour MC, Ribaudo HJ, Swindells S, Eron J, Chen YQ, et al. Effects of early versus delayed initiation of antiretroviral treatment on clinical outcomes of HIV-1 infection: results from the phase 3 HPTN 052 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(4):281–90.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
4.
Sullivan PS, Carballo-Dieguez A, Coates T, Goodreau SM, McGowan I, Sanders EJ, et al. Successes and challenges of HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. Lancet. 2012;380(9839):388–99.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
5.
Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, et al. Antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of HIV-1 Transmission. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(9):830–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
6.
Kroon E, Phanuphak N, Shattock AJ, Fletcher JLK, Pinyakorn S, Chomchey N, et al. Acute HIV infection detection and immediate treatment estimated to reduce transmission by 89% among men who have sex with men in Bangkok. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(1):21708.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
7.
Galvin SR, Cohen MS. The role of sexually transmitted diseases in HIV transmission. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004;2(1):33–42.PubMedCrossRef
8.
King CC, Ellington SR, Kourtis AP. The role of co-infections in mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Curr HIV Res. 2013;11(1):10–23.PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Wynn A, Bristow CC, Cristillo AD, Murphy SM, van Broek N, Muzny C, et al. Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy and reproductive health: Proceedings of the STAR Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinical Trial Group Programmatic Meeting. Sex Transm Dis. 2020;47(1):5–11.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Davies B, Turner KM, Leung S, Yu BN, Frolund M, Benfield T, et al. Comparison of the population excess fraction of Chlamydia trachomatis infection on pelvic inflammatory disease at 12-months in the presence and absence of chlamydia testing and treatment: systematic review and retrospective cohort analysis. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(2):e0171551.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
11.
Plax K, Garbutt J, Kaushik GN. HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing among high-risk youths: supporting positive opportunities with teens (SPOT) youth center. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(7):1394–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
12.
Nowak RG, Ndembi N, Dauda W, Jibrin P, Bentzen SM, Nnaji CH, et al. Implementation of and early outcomes from anal cancer screening at a community-engaged health care facility providing care to nigerian men who have sex with men. J Glob Oncol. 2019;5:1–11.PubMed
13.
Kayode BO, Mitchell A, Ndembi N, Kokogho A, Ramadhani HO, Adebajo S, et al. Retention of a cohort of men who have sex with men and transgender women at risk for and living with HIV in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria: a longitudinal analysis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(Suppl 6):e25592.PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Baggaley R, Dalal S, Johnson C, Macdonald V, Mameletzis I, Rodolph M, et al. Beyond the 90-90-90: refocusing HIV prevention as part of the global HIV response. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(1):21348.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
Jones MU, Ramadhani HO, Adebajo S, Gaydos CA, Kokogho A, Baral SD, et al. Seizing opportunities for intervention: Changing HIV-related knowledge among men who have sex with men and transgender women attending trusted community centers in Nigeria. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(3):e0229533.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Crowell TA, Baral SD, Schwartz S, Nowak RG, Kokogho A, Adebajo S, et al. Time to change the paradigm: limited condom and lubricant use among Nigerian men who have sex with men and transgender women despite availability and counseling. Ann Epidemiol. 2019;31:11–9.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Stenger MR, Baral S, Stahlman S, Wohlfeiler D, Barton JE, Peterman T. As through a glass, darkly: the future of sexually transmissible infections among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. Sex Health. 2017;14(1):18–27.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Poteat T, Scheim A, Xavier J, Reisner S, Baral S. Global Epidemiology of HIV Infection and Related Syndemics Affecting Transgender People. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(Suppl 3):210–9.
19.
Poteat TC, van der Merwe LLA, Sevelius J, Keatley J. Inclusion as illusion: erasing transgender women in research with MSM. J Int AIDS Soc. 2021;24(1):e25661.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
Perez-Brumer AG, Oldenburg CE, Reisner SL, Clark JL, Parker RG. Towards ‘reflexive epidemiology’: Conflation of cisgender male and transgender women sex workers and implications for global understandings of HIV prevalence. Glob Public Health. 2016;11(7–8):849–65.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
Poteat T, Ackerman B, Diouf D, Ceesay N, Mothopeng T, Odette KZ, et al. HIV prevalence and behavioral and psychosocial factors among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men in 8 African countries: A cross-sectional analysis. PLoS Med. 2017;14(11):e1002422.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Poteat TC, Celentano DD, Mayer KH, Beyrer C, Mimiaga MJ, Friedman RK, et al. Depression, sexual behavior, and HIV treatment outcomes among transgender women, cisgender women and men who have sex with men living with HIV in Brazil and Thailand: a short report. AIDS Care. 2020;32(3):310–5.PubMedCrossRef
23.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. HIV and STI prevention among men who have sex with men. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015.
24.
DiNenno EA, Prejean J, Irwin K, Delaney KP, Bowles K, Martin T, et al. Recommendations for HIV Screening of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(31):830–2.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
26.
27.
Brown AE, Attawell K, Hales D, Rice BD, Pharris A, Supervie V, et al. Monitoring the HIV continuum of care in key populations across Europe and Central Asia. HIV Med. 2018;67:311.
28.
Hu X, Liang B, Zhou C, Jiang J, Huang J, Ning C, et al. HIV late presentation and advanced HIV disease among patients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in Southwestern China: a large-scale cross-sectional study. AIDS Res Ther. 2019;16(1):6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
Wojcik-Cichy K, Jablonowska O, Piekarska A, Jablonowska E. The high incidence of late presenters for HIV/AIDS infection in the Lodz province, Poland in the years 2009–2016: we are still far from the UNAIDS 90% target. AIDS Care. 2018;30(12):1538–41.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Esber AL, Coakley P, Ake JA, Bahemana E, Adamu Y, Kiweewa F, et al. Decreasing time to antiretroviral therapy initiation after HIV diagnosis in a clinic-based observational cohort study in four African countries. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(2):e25446.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
Gamarel KE, Nelson KM, Stephenson R, Santiago Rivera OJ, Chiaramonte D, Miller RL, et al. Anticipated HIV Stigma and Delays in Regular HIV Testing Behaviors Among Sexually-Active Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(2):522–30.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
32.
Bristow CC, Espinosa da Silva C, Vera AH, Gonzalez-Fagoaga JE, Rangel G, Pines HA. Prevalence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and coinfection with HIV among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Tijuana, Mexico. Int J STD AIDS. 2021;32(8):751–7.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Keshinro B, Crowell TA, Nowak RG, Adebajo S, Peel S, Gaydos CA, et al. High prevalence of HIV, chlamydia and gonorrhoea among men who have sex with men and transgender women attending trusted community centres in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(1):21270.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Twahirwa Rwema JO, Lyons CE, Herbst S, Liestman B, Nyombayire J, Ketende S, et al. HIV infection and engagement in HIV care cascade among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Kigali, Rwanda: a cross-sectional study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(Suppl 6):e25604.PubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Jones J, Sanchez TH, Dominguez K, Bekker LG, Phaswana-Mafuya N, Baral SD, et al. Sexually transmitted infection screening, prevalence and incidence among South African men and transgender women who have sex with men enrolled in a combination HIV prevention cohort study: the Sibanye Methods for Prevention Packages Programme (MP3) project. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(Suppl 6):e25594.PubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Van Gerwen OT, Jani A, Long DM, Austin EL, Musgrove K, Muzny CA. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus in transgender persons: a systematic review. Transgend Health. 2020;5(2):90–103.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
Ntsepe Y, Simbayi LC, Shisana O, Rehle T, Mabaso M, Ncitakalo N, et al. Perceptions about the acceptability and prevalence of HIV testing and factors influencing them in different communities in South Africa. SAHARA J. 2014;11:138–47.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Ye R, Liu C, Tan S, Li J, Simoni JM, Turner D, et al. Factors associated with past HIV testing among men who have sex with men attending university in China: a cross-sectional study. Sex Health. 2021;18(1):58–63.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Tunnage J, Yates A, Nwoga C, Sing’oei V, Owuoth J, Polyak CS, et al. Hepatitis and tuberculosis testing are much less common than HIV testing among adults in Kisumu, Kenya: results from a cross-sectional assessment. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1143.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
Crowell TA, Qian H, Tiemann C, Lehmann C, Boesecke C, Stoehr A, et al. Factors associated with testing for HIV and hepatitis C among behaviorally vulnerable men in Germany: a cross-sectional analysis upon enrollment into an observational cohort. AIDS Res Ther. 2021;18(1):52.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
Muccini C, Crowell TA, Kroon E, Sacdalan C, Ramautarsing R, Seekaew P, et al. Leveraging early HIV diagnosis and treatment in Thailand to conduct HIV cure research. AIDS Res Ther. 2019;16(1):25.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
Phanuphak N, Ramautarsing R, Chinbunchorn T, Janamnuaysook R, Pengnonyang S, Termvanich K, et al. Implementing a status-neutral approach to HIV in the Asia-Pacific. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2020;17(5):422–30.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
43.
Thisyakorn U. Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: lessons learned from success in Thailand. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2017;37(2):99–108.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Kaewkungwal J, Chiu J, Paris R, et al. Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(23):2209–20.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Colby D, Srithanaviboonchai K, Vanichseni S, Ongwandee S, Phanuphak N, Martin M, et al. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and health and community systems in the Global South: Thailand case study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18(4 Suppl 3):19953.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
46.
Jose JED, Sakboonyarat B, Mungthin M, Nelson KE, Rangsin R. Rising prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk factors among young Thai Men in 2018. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):7796.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
47.
Ramautarsing RA, Meksena R, Sungsing T, Chinbunchorn T, Sangprasert T, Fungfoosri O, et al. Evaluation of a pre-exposure prophylaxis programme for men who have sex with men and transgender women in Thailand: learning through the HIV prevention cascade lens. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(Suppl 3):e25540.PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
van Griensven F, de Lind van Wijngaarden JW, Eustaquio PC, Wignall S, Azwa I, Veronese V, et al. The continuing HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men and transgender women in the ASEAN region: implications for HIV policy and service programming. Sex Health. 2021;18(1):21–30.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Hiransuthikul A, Janamnuaysook R, Sungsing T, Jantarapakde J, Trachunthong D, Mills S, et al. High burden of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in pharyngeal, rectal and urethral sites among Thai transgender women: implications for anatomical site selection for the screening of STI. Sex Transm Infect. 2019;95(7):534–9.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Hiransuthikul A, Pattanachaiwit S, Teeratakulpisarn N, Chamnan P, Pathipvanich P, Thongpaen S, et al. High subsequent and recurrent sexually transmitted infection prevalence among newly diagnosed HIV-positive Thai men who have sex with men and transgender women in the Test and Treat cohort. Int J STD AIDS. 2019;30(2):140–6.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Wansom T, Muangnoicharoen S, Nitayaphan S, Kitsiripornchai S, Crowell T, Francisco L, et al. Risk Factors for HIV Seroconversion in a High Incidence Cohort of Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Bangkok, Thailand. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;38:101033.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
52.
United Nations Development Programme, United States Agency for International Development. Being LGBT in Asia: Thailand Country Report. Bangkok: United States Agency for International Development; 2014.
53.
Werner RN, Gaskins M, Nast A, Dressler C. Incidence of sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men and who are at substantial risk of HIV infection - A meta-analysis of data from trials and observational studies of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(12):e0208107.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
54.
Zhang W, Xu JJ, Zou H, Zhang J, Wang N, Shang H. HIV incidence and associated risk factors in men who have sex with men in Mainland China: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Health. 2016;89:67.
55.
Malekinejad M, Barker EK, Merai R, Lyles CM, Bernstein KT, Sipe TA, et al. Risk of HIV Acquisition Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Infected With Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48(10):e138–48.CrossRef
56.
Lagos D, Compton D. Evaluating the use of a two-step gender identity measure in the 2018 general social survey. Demography. 2021;58(2):763–72.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Reisner SL, Conron KJ, Tardiff LA, Jarvi S, Gordon AR, Austin SB. Monitoring the health of transgender and other gender minority populations: validity of natal sex and gender identity survey items in a U.S. national cohort of young adults. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1224.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
58.
Zou G. A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(7):702–6.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Wimonsate W, Naorat S, Varangrat A, Phanuphak P, Kanggarnrua K, McNicholl J, et al. Factors associated with HIV testing history and returning for HIV test results among men who have sex with men in Thailand. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(4):693–701.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Vutthikraivit P, Lertnimitr B, Chalardsakul P, Imjaijitt W, Piyaraj P. Prevalence of HIV testing and associated factors among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bangkok, Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2014;97(Suppl 2):207–14.
61.
Seekaew P, Pengnonyang S, Jantarapakde J, Sungsing T, Rodbumrung P, Trachunthong D, et al. Characteristics and HIV epidemiologic profiles of men who have sex with men and transgender women in key population-led test and treat cohorts in Thailand. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(8):e0203294.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
62.
Holtz TH, Wimonsate W, Mock PA, Pattanasin S, Chonwattana W, Thienkrua W, et al. Why we need pre-exposure prophylaxis: incident HIV and syphilis among men, and transgender women, who have sex with men, Bangkok, Thailand, 2005–2015. Int J STD AIDS. 2019;30(5):430–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
Wansom T, Pinyakorn S, Kolsteeg CJ, Kroon E, Sacdalan CP, Chomchey N, et al. Brief Report: Group Sex and Methamphetamine Use Fuel an Explosive Epidemic of Hepatitis C Among HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men in Bangkok, Thailand. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020;84(4):331–5.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Weiss KM, Jonas KJ, Guadamuz TE. Playing and Never Testing: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among App-Using MSM in Southeast Asia. Sex Transm Dis. 2017;44(7):406–11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
65.
Lim SH, Guadamuz TE, Wei C, Chan R, Koe S. Factors associated with unprotected receptive anal intercourse with internal ejaculation among men who have sex with men in a large Internet sample from Asia. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(7):1979–87.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
66.
Wei C, Lim SH, Guadamuz TE, Koe S. Virtual versus physical spaces: which facilitates greater HIV risk taking among men who have sex with men in East and South-East Asia? AIDS Behav. 2014;18(8):1428–35.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
67.
Anand T, Nitpolprasert C, Ananworanich J, Pakam C, Nonenoy S, Jantarapakde J, et al. Innovative strategies using communications technologies to engage gay men and other men who have sex with men into early HIV testing and treatment in Thailand. J Virus Erad. 2015;1(2):111–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
68.
Berg RC, Ross MW, Tikkanen R. The effectiveness of MI4MSM: how useful is motivational interviewing as an HIV risk prevention program for men who have sex with men? A systematic review AIDS Educ Prev. 2011;23(6):533–49.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Chan PS, Chidgey A, Lau J, Ip M, Lau JTF, Wang Z. Effectiveness of a Novel HIV Self-Testing Service with Online Real-Time Counseling Support (HIVST-Online) in Increasing HIV Testing Rate and Repeated HIV Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hong Kong: Results of a Pilot Implementation Project. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):20.CrossRef
70.
Samoh N, Peerawaranun P, Jonas KJ, Lim SH, Wickersham JA, Guadamuz TE. Willingness to Use HIV Self-Testing With Online Supervision Among App-Using Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in Bangkok. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48(3):e41–4.CrossRef
71.
Wongkanya R, Pankam T, Wolf S, Pattanachaiwit S, Jantarapakde J, Pengnongyang S, et al. HIV rapid diagnostic testing by lay providers in a key population-led health service programme in Thailand. J Virus Erad. 2018;4(1):12–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
72.
Phanuphak N, Anand T, Jantarapakde J, Nitpolprasert C, Himmad K, Sungsing T, et al. What would you choose: Online or Offline or Mixed services? Feasibility of online HIV counselling and testing among Thai men who have sex with men and transgender women and factors associated with service uptake. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;21(Suppl 5):e25118.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
73.
Phanuphak N, Jantarapakde J, Himmad L, Sungsing T, Meksena R, Phomthong S, et al. Linkages to HIV confirmatory testing and antiretroviral therapy after online, supervised, HIV self-testing among Thai men who have sex with men and transgender women. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(1):e25448.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
74.
Lemke R, Weber M. That man behind the curtain: investigating the sexual online dating behavior of men who have sex with men but hide their same-sex sexual attraction in offline surroundings. J Homosex. 2017;64(11):1561–82.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Koo FK, Chow EP, Gao L, Fu X, Jing J, Chen L, et al. Socio-cultural influences on the transmission of HIV among gay men in rural China. Cult Health Sex. 2014;56:934.
76.
Schrimshaw EW, Downing MJ Jr, Siegel K. Sexual venue selection and strategies for concealment of same-sex behavior among non-disclosing men who have sex with men and women. J Homosex. 2013;60(1):120–45.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
77.
Lin Y, Li C, Wang L, Jiao K, Ma W. The mediated effect of HIV risk perception in the relationship between peer education and HIV testing uptake among three key populations in China. AIDS Res Ther. 2021;18(1):8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
78.
Seekaew P, Pengnonyang S, Jantarapakde J, Meksena R, Sungsing T, Lujintanon S, et al. Discordance between self-perceived and actual risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Thailand: a cross-sectional assessment. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22(12):e25430.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
79.
Wang Z, Fang Y, Yaemim N, Jonas KJ, Chidgey A, Ip M, et al. Factors Predicting Uptake of Sexually Transmitted Infections Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Are “Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Tourists”-An Observational Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:7.
80.
Khawcharoenporn T, Mongkolkaewsub S, Naijitra C, Khonphiern W, Apisarnthanarak A, Phanuphak N. HIV risk, risk perception and uptake of HIV testing and counseling among youth men who have sex with men attending a gay sauna. AIDS Res Ther. 2019;16(1):13.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Factors associated with testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors
Trevor A. Crowell
Sorachai Nitayaphan
Narongrid Sirisopana
Tanyaporn Wansom
Suchai Kitsiripornchai
Leilani Francisco
Qun Li
Nicole Dear
Robert J. O’Connell
Punnee Pitisuttithum
Sandhya Vasan
for the RV348B Study Group
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
AIDS Research and Therapy / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1742-6405
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-022-00449-0

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

AIDS Research and Therapy 1/2022 Go to the issue

Research

Factors associated with viral suppression and rebound among adult HIV patients on treatment: a retrospective study in Ghana

Research

The perceptions of older people living with hiv/aids towards physical activity and exercise

Research

Virological outcomes and risk factors for non-suppression for routine and repeat viral load testing after enhanced adherence counselling during viral load testing scale-up in Zimbabwe: analytic cross-sectional study using laboratory data from 2014 to 2018

Research

Comparison of predictors for early and late mortality in adults commencing HIV antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe: a retrospective cohort study

Brief Report

A pilot pragmatic trial of a “what matters most”-based intervention targeting intersectional stigma related to being pregnant and living with HIV in Botswana

Research

Factors affecting optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression amongst HIV-infected prisoners in South Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits