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05-03-2024 | Semaglutide | Review

Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2023 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions

Authors: Melody Hermel, Andrew Chiou, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Maha Inam, Carly E. Waldman, Eventine Youngblood, Sandeep Mehta, Leandro Slipczuk, Sana Sheikh, Chelsea Meloche, Adeel Khoja, Salim S. Virani

Published in: Current Atherosclerosis Reports | Issue 4/2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Focused review highlighting ten select studies presented at the 2023 American Heart Association (AHA) Scientific Sessions.

Recent Findings

Included studies assessed semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in overweight or obese patients without diabetes (SELECT); dapagliflozin in patients with acute myocardial infarction without diabetes (DAPA-MI); effects of dietary sodium on systolic blood pressure in middle-aged individuals (CARDIA-SSBP); long-term blood pressure control after hypertensive pregnancy with physician guided self-management (POP-HT); effect and safety of zilebesiran, an RNA interference therapy, for sustained blood pressure reduction (KARDIA-1); recaticimab add-on therapy in patients with non-familial hypercholesterolemia and mixed hyperlipidemia (REMAIN-2); efficacy and safety of lepodisiran an extended duration short-interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a); safety and pharmacodynamic effects of an investigational DNA base editing medicine that inactivates the PCSK9 gene and lowers LDL cholesterol (VERVE-101); automated referral to centralized pharmacy services for evidence-based statin initiation in high-risk patients; and effects of intensive blood pressure lowering in reducing risk of cardiovascular events (ESPRIT).

Summary

Research presented at the 2023 AHA Scientific Sessions emphasized innovative strategies in cardiovascular disease prevention and management.

•Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al (2023) Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes. N Engl J Med https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2307563. Epub ahead of print. The SELECT study evaluated whether the addition of semaglutide to standard care would be superior to placebo in reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among patients who were overweight or obese with preexisting CVD who did not have diabetes.

James S, Erlinge D, Storey RF, et al. Dapagliflozin in myocardial infarction without diabetes or heart failure. NEJM Evid 3(2), EVIDoa2300286 (2024).

Kitt J, Fox R, Frost A, et al. (2023) Long-term blood pressure control after hypertensive pregnancy following physician-optimized self-management: the POP-HT randomized clinical trial. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.21523. Epub ahead of print.

Nissen SE, Linnebjerg H, Shen X, Wolski K, Ma X, Lim S, Michael LF, Ruotolo G, Gribble G, Navar AM, Nicholls SJ. Lepodisiran, an extended-duration short interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a): a randomized dose-ascending clinical trial. JAMA. 2023. 330(21):2075–2083. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.21835.

Liu J, Wang B, Li Y, Yan X, Ge J, Li J. Rationale and design of the Effects of intensive Systolic blood Pressure lowering treatment in reducing RIsk of vascular evenTs (ESPRIT): A multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J. 2023;257:93–102.CrossRefPubMed

Gupta K, Hirsch JR, Kalsi J, Patel V, Gad MM, Virani SS. Highlights of cardiovascular disease prevention studies presented at the 2022 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023;25(1):31–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-022-01079-7.CrossRefPubMed

Gupta K, Balachandran I, Foy J, Hermel M, Latif A, Krittanawong C, Slipczuk L, Baloch F, Samad Z, Virani SS. Highlights of cardiovascular disease prevention studies presented at the 2023 American College of Cardiology Conference. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023;25(6):309–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-023-01103-4.CrossRefPubMed

Garvey WT, Batterham RL, Bhatta M, et al. Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial. Nat Med. 2022;28:2083–91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Amit Saha (2023) Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults–Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure - CARDIA-SSBP. American College of Cardiology. https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Clinical-Trials/2023/11/10/05/29/cardia-ssbp. Accessed November 12, 2023.

10.

(2022) Heart Disease and Stroke in Black Women. Go Red for Women. American Heart Association. https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/heart-disease-in-african-american-women

11.

Desai AS, Webb DJ, Taubel J, et al. Zilebesiran, an RNA Interference Therapeutic agent for hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(3):228–38. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2208391.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Xu M, Zhu X, Wu J, et al. PCSK9 inhibitor recaticimab for hypercholesterolemia on stable statin dose: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b/2 study. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02208-w.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

13.

Qiang L, Du X, Wang Z, et al (2023) Recaticimab add-on therapy in patients with non-familial hypercholesterolaemia and mixed hyperlipidemia (remain-2): a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial [abstract]. Presented at American Heart Association: Scientific Sessions.

14.

Kronenberg F, Mora S, Stroes ESG, Ference BA, et al (2022) Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement. Catapano AL. Eur Heart J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2022.01.002

15.

••SS Virani ML Koschinsky L Maher et al 2022 Global think tank on the clinical considerations and management of lipoprotein(a): the top questions and answers regarding what clinicians need to know Prog Cardiovasc Dis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2022.01.002. Summarized the findings from a global think tank convened to provide practical answers to key questions pertaining to Lp(a).

16.

Gidding SS, Champagne MA, de Ferranti SD, et al. The agenda for familial hypercholesterolemia: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;132(22):2167–92. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000297.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Brautbar A, Leary E, Rasmussen K, et al. Genetics of familial hypercholesterolemia. Curr atheroscler Rep. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-015-0491-z.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Lee RG, Mazzola AM, Braun MC, Platt C, et al. Efficacy and safety of an investigational single-course CRISPR base-editing therapy targeting PCSK9 in nonhuman primate and mouse models. Circulation. 2023;147(3):242–53. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.062132.CrossRefPubMed

19.

Maitra NS, Mahtta D, Navaneethan S, et al. A mistake not to be repeated: what can we learn from the underutilization of statin therapy for efficient dissemination of cardioprotective glucose lowering agents? Currently Cardiol Rep. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.042.CrossRef

20.

Virani SS, Ballantyne CM, Petersen LA. Guideline-concordant statin therapy use in secondary prevention: should the medical community wait for divine intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.042.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Austin PC, Mamdani MM, Juurlink DN, Alter DA, Tu JV. Missed opportunities in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction: an assessment of the effects of statin underprescribing on mortality. Am Heart J. 2006;151(5):969–75.CrossRefPubMed

22.

••The SPRINT Research Group. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2103–16. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1511939. Intensive blood pressure control in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease demonstrated improved cardiovascular outcomes and overall survival compared to standard therapy.CrossRefPubMedCentral

Title: Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2023 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions
Authors: Melody Hermel
Andrew Chiou
Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas
Maha Inam
Carly E. Waldman
Eventine Youngblood
Sandeep Mehta
Leandro Slipczuk
Sana Sheikh
Chelsea Meloche
Adeel Khoja
Salim S. Virani
Publication date: 05-03-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Semaglutide
Dapagliflozin
Myocardial Infarction
Published in: Current Atherosclerosis Reports / Issue 4/2024
Print ISSN: 1523-3804
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6242
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-024-01193-8

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Image Credits

Illustration of figure on mountain summit/© Orapun / Stock.adobe.com, STEP AAG HeroTeaserCollection image/© Tarek / Generated with AI / Stock.adobe.com, ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com