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27-04-2022 | SCLC | Neuro-oncology (KS Nevel, Section Editor)

Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes: Transitioning Between the Old and the New

Authors: Matteo Gastaldi, Silvia Scaranzin, Businaro Pietro, Anastasia Lechiara, Giampaola Pesce, Diego Franciotta, Lorenzo Lorusso

Published in: Current Oncology Reports | Issue 10/2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are caused by nervous system-targeting aberrant anti-tumoral immune responses. We review the updated criteria for PNS diagnosis, incorporating novel information on clinical phenotypes, neuronal autoantibodies (Nabs), and tumors. The impact of the oncologic use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) on PNS occurrence is also addressed.

Recent Findings

Clinical phenotypes and Nabs are redefined as “high/intermediate/low” risk, following the frequency of cancer association. Nabs, the diagnostic hallmark of PNS, can target intracellular or surface neuronal proteins, with important prognostic and pathogenic implications. Many novel assays have been incorporated into laboratory diagnostics, that is becoming increasingly complex. ICI fight tumors, but favor autoimmunity, thus increasing the incidence of PNS-like disorders.

Summary

Overcoming the old PNS criteria, the new ones are centered around the presence of tumor. Clinical presentation, Nabs, and tumor findings are translated in diagnostic scores, providing a useful tool for PNS diagnosis and management.

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Title: Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes: Transitioning Between the Old and the New
Authors: Matteo Gastaldi
Silvia Scaranzin
Businaro Pietro
Anastasia Lechiara
Giampaola Pesce
Diego Franciotta
Lorenzo Lorusso
Publication date: 27-04-2022
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: SCLC
Encephalitis
SCLC
Checkpoint Inhibitors
Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndrome
Published in: Current Oncology Reports / Issue 10/2022
Print ISSN: 1523-3790
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6269
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-022-01279-z

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