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Open Access 01-12-2024 | Schizophrenia | Research

Patients with first-episode psychosis in northern Taiwan: neurocognitive performance and niacin response profile in comparison with schizophrenia patients of different familial loadings and relationship with clinical features

Authors: Shun-Chun Yu, Tzung–Jeng Hwang, Chih-Min Liu, Hung-Yu Chan, Chian-Jue Kuo, Tsung-Tsair Yang, Jen-Pang Wang, Chen-Chung Liu, Ming H. Hsieh, Yi-Ting Lin, Yi-Ling Chien, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Ya-Wen Shih, Sung-Liang Yu, Hsuan-Yu Chen, Wei J. Chen

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Background

Examining patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) provides opportunities to better understand the mechanism underlying these illnesses. By incorporating quantitative measures in FEP patients, we aimed to (1) determine the baseline distribution of clinical features; (2) examine the impairment magnitude of the quantitative measures by comparing with external controls and then the counterparts of schizophrenia patients of different familial loadings; and (3) evaluate whether these quantitative measures were associated with the baseline clinical features.

Methods

Patients with FEP were recruited from one medical center, two regional psychiatric centers, and two private clinics in northern Taiwan with clinical features rated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale. Quantitative measurements included the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), niacin response abnormality (NRA), and minor physical anomalies and craniofacial features (MPAs). To evaluate the relative performance of the quantitative measures in our FEP patients, four external comparison groups from previous studies were used, including three independent healthy controls for the CPT, WCST, and NRA, respectively, and one group of treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients for the MPAs. Additionally, patients from simplex families and patients from multiplex families were used to assess the magnitude of FEP patients’ impairment on the CPT, WCST, and NRA.

Results

Among the 80 patients with FEP recruited in this study (58% female, mean age = 25.6 years, mean duration of untreated psychosis = 132 days), the clinical severity was mild to moderate (mean PANSS score = 67.3; mean PSP score = 61.8). Patients exhibited both neurocognitive and niacin response impairments (mean Z-scores: −1.24 for NRA, − 1.06 for undegraded d', − 0.70 for degraded d', − 0.32 for categories achieved, and 0.44 for perseverative errors) but did not show MPAs indicative of treatment resistance. Among these quantitative measures, three of the four neurocognitive indices were correlated with the baseline clinical features, whereas NRA did not show such correlation.

Conclusions

This FEP study of Taiwanese patients revealed the presence of neurocognitive performance and niacin response and their different relationships with clinical features, rendering this sample useful for future follow-up and incorporation of multiomics investigation.

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Title: Patients with first-episode psychosis in northern Taiwan: neurocognitive performance and niacin response profile in comparison with schizophrenia patients of different familial loadings and relationship with clinical features
Authors: Shun-Chun Yu
Tzung–Jeng Hwang
Chih-Min Liu
Hung-Yu Chan
Chian-Jue Kuo
Tsung-Tsair Yang
Jen-Pang Wang
Chen-Chung Liu
Ming H. Hsieh
Yi-Ting Lin
Yi-Ling Chien
Po-Hsiu Kuo
Ya-Wen Shih
Sung-Liang Yu
Hsuan-Yu Chen
Wei J. Chen
Publication date: 01-12-2024
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Schizophrenia
Nicotinic Acid
Published in: BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05598-2

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Patients with first-episode psychosis in northern Taiwan: neurocognitive performance and niacin response profile in comparison with schizophrenia patients of different familial loadings and relationship with clinical features

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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