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01-12-2019 | Sarcopenia | Original Article

Reduced leg muscle mass and lower grip strength in women are associated with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

Authors: Yawara Eguchi, Toru Toyoguchi, Sumihisa Orita, Kazunori Shimazu, Kazuhide Inage, Kazuki Fujimoto, Miyako Suzuki, Masaki Norimoto, Tomotaka Umimura, Yasuhiro Shiga, Masahiro Inoue, Masao Koda, Takeo Furuya, Satoshi Maki, Naoya Hirosawa, Yasuchika Aoki, Junichi Nakamura, Shigeo Hagiwara, Tsutomu Akazawa, Hiroshi Takahashi, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Yuki Shiko, Yohei Kawasaki, Seiji Ohtori

Published in: Archives of Osteoporosis | Issue 1/2019

Abstract

Summary

Lower limb muscle mass and grip loss may be risk factors for vertebral compression fractures in women.

Purpose

We examined the relationship between bone mineral density, bone strength, skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and skin autofluorescence (SAF) in women with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCF).

Methods

A total of 1039 women (mean age 73.3 years) were included in our study. These included 222 cases of VCF (mean 77.8 years) and 817 controls (mean 72.0 years). Lumbar and femur BMD were measured for all participants using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone strength surrogates, such as cross-sectional area (CSA) of the proximal femur, were evaluated using Advanced Hip Assessment software. SAF was measured with an autofluorescence reader. We used a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) to analyze body composition, including appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMI; appendicular lean mass (kg)/(height (m))². We measured bone density, geometric parameters related to bone strength, skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and SAF in both groups. We also examined factors related to vertebral fracture using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Women with vertebral fractures had lower SMI (5.55 vs 5.76 kg/m², p = 0.0006), smaller femoral cross-sectional area (97.20 vs 100.09, p = 0.014), lower grip strength (16.81 vs 19.16 kg, p < 0.0001), and increased skin autofluorescence (2.38 vs 2.25, p = 0.0002) compared to women without fractures. The prevalence of sarcopenia (SMI < 5.75) was 63.51% in VCF subjects and 52.02% in controls, revealing a high prevalence in VCF (p = 0.002). Skeletal muscle mass and grip strength were not significantly different between patients with acute and old VCF, suggesting that low skeletal muscle mass and muscle weakness may exist before fracture. From the multiple logistic regression analysis, lower femoral density (p = 0.0021), CSA (p = 0.0166), leg muscle mass (p = 0.0127), and left arm grip strength (p = 0.0255) were risk factors for vertebral compression fractures; all were negatively correlated with increased vertebral fractures.

Conclusions

Lower limb muscle mass and grip loss may be closely related to the onset of vertebral compression fracture.

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Title: Reduced leg muscle mass and lower grip strength in women are associated with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Yawara Eguchi
Toru Toyoguchi
Sumihisa Orita
Kazunori Shimazu
Kazuhide Inage
Kazuki Fujimoto
Miyako Suzuki
Masaki Norimoto
Tomotaka Umimura
Yasuhiro Shiga
Masahiro Inoue
Masao Koda
Takeo Furuya
Satoshi Maki
Naoya Hirosawa
Yasuchika Aoki
Junichi Nakamura
Shigeo Hagiwara
Tsutomu Akazawa
Hiroshi Takahashi
Kazuhisa Takahashi
Yuki Shiko
Yohei Kawasaki
Seiji Ohtori
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: Springer London
Keyword: Sarcopenia
Published in: Archives of Osteoporosis / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 1862-3522
Electronic ISSN: 1862-3514
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-019-0668-0

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Reduced leg muscle mass and lower grip strength in women are associated with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

Abstract

Summary

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Summary

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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