Skip to main content
Top
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 11/2015

01-11-2015 | Original Paper

Repeated HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Increased Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Prospective Cohort Study

Authors: Joseph T. F. Lau, Dongliang Li, Zixin Wang, Coco H. Y. Lai

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 11/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

High risk MSM are recommended to take up HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) once every 6 months. 809 HIV-negative MSM in Beijing, China entered the 18-month prospective cohort study; 228 joined an extended study at month 21. The majority (92.5 %) of the participants had taken up four rounds of VCT over the study period. HIV prevalence at months 0, 6, 12, 18 and 21 ranged from 2.5 to 6.3 %; HIV incidences for the four intervals between the five visits ranged from 5.00 to 14.28 per 100-person year. Despite experiencing repeated VCT, high levels of risk behaviors were reported at month 21. 18 % of the participants interviewed at month 21 self-reported increased in UAI and other risk behaviors, comparing recent and pre-baseline experiences. HIV transmission and risk behaviors had not been reduced by multiple rounds of VCT. Reasons behind apparent ineffectiveness and tailored repeated testing strategies need to be investigated.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Chow EP, Wilson DP, Zhang J, Jing J, Zhang L. Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence is increasing among men who have sex with men in China: findings from a review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(9):845–57.CrossRefPubMed Chow EP, Wilson DP, Zhang J, Jing J, Zhang L. Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence is increasing among men who have sex with men in China: findings from a review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(9):845–57.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Lu CG, Yang JZ, Yuan F, Li XY, Shi ZH, Hu SY. A study among MSM from a region of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Med J. 2007;31:462–3 Chinese. Lu CG, Yang JZ, Yuan F, Li XY, Shi ZH, Hu SY. A study among MSM from a region of Guizhou Province. Guizhou Med J. 2007;31:462–3 Chinese.
3.
go back to reference Lu X, Yi D, Ding X, Feng L, Xu J, Xu S, et al. Trend of factors related to AIDS among HIV-infected MSM. J Third Mil Med Univ. 2011;33(14):1534–7 Chinese. Lu X, Yi D, Ding X, Feng L, Xu J, Xu S, et al. Trend of factors related to AIDS among HIV-infected MSM. J Third Mil Med Univ. 2011;33(14):1534–7 Chinese.
4.
go back to reference Chow EP, Wilson DP, Zhang L. HIV and syphilis co-infection increasing among men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e22768.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Chow EP, Wilson DP, Zhang L. HIV and syphilis co-infection increasing among men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e22768.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Yang H, Hao C, Huan X, Yan H, Guan W, Xu X, et al. HIV incidence and associated factors in a cohort of men who have sex with men in Nanjing, China. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37(4):208–13.PubMed Yang H, Hao C, Huan X, Yan H, Guan W, Xu X, et al. HIV incidence and associated factors in a cohort of men who have sex with men in Nanjing, China. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37(4):208–13.PubMed
6.
go back to reference Xu JJ, Zhang M, Brown K, Reilly K, Wang H, Hu Q, et al. Syphilis and HIV seroconversion among a 12-month prospective cohort of men who have sex with men in Shenyang, China. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37(7):432–9.PubMed Xu JJ, Zhang M, Brown K, Reilly K, Wang H, Hu Q, et al. Syphilis and HIV seroconversion among a 12-month prospective cohort of men who have sex with men in Shenyang, China. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37(7):432–9.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Ruan Y, Jia Y, Zhang X, Liang H, Li Q, Yang Y, et al. Incidence of HIV-1, syphilis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C virus infections and predictors associated with retention in a 12-month follow-up study among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52(5):604–10.CrossRefPubMed Ruan Y, Jia Y, Zhang X, Liang H, Li Q, Yang Y, et al. Incidence of HIV-1, syphilis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C virus infections and predictors associated with retention in a 12-month follow-up study among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52(5):604–10.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. China. UNGASS country progress report Beijing. Ministry of Health: Beijing; 2010 2010. Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. China. UNGASS country progress report Beijing. Ministry of Health: Beijing; 2010 2010.
10.
go back to reference Zou H, Wu Z, Yu J, Li M, Ablimit M, Li F, et al. Sexual risk behaviors and HIV infection among men who have sex with men who use the internet in Beijing and Urumqi, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(Suppl 1):S81–7.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Zou H, Wu Z, Yu J, Li M, Ablimit M, Li F, et al. Sexual risk behaviors and HIV infection among men who have sex with men who use the internet in Beijing and Urumqi, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(Suppl 1):S81–7.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Zhang H, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhu J, Xu J. A pilot intervention to increase condom use and HIV testing and counseling among men who have sex with men in Anhui, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(Suppl 1):S88–92.CrossRefPubMed Zhang H, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhu J, Xu J. A pilot intervention to increase condom use and HIV testing and counseling among men who have sex with men in Anhui, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(Suppl 1):S88–92.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(6):493–505.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(6):493–505.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
14.
15.
go back to reference Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, Janssen RS, Taylor AW, Lyss SB, et al. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55(RR-14):1–17 quiz CE1-4.PubMed Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, Janssen RS, Taylor AW, Lyss SB, et al. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55(RR-14):1–17 quiz CE1-4.PubMed
16.
go back to reference WHO, UNODC. Guidance on testing and counselling for HIV in settings attended by people who inject drugs: improving access to treatment, care and prevention. Geneva: WHO Press; 2009. WHO, UNODC. Guidance on testing and counselling for HIV in settings attended by people who inject drugs: improving access to treatment, care and prevention. Geneva: WHO Press; 2009.
17.
go back to reference WHO, UNAIDS. Guidance on provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in health facilities. Geneva: WHO Press; 2007. WHO, UNAIDS. Guidance on provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in health facilities. Geneva: WHO Press; 2007.
19.
go back to reference Wei C, Ruan S, Zhao J, Yang H, Zhu Y, Raymond HF. Which Chinese men who have sex with men miss out on HIV testing? Sex Transm Infect. 2011;87(3):225–8.CrossRefPubMed Wei C, Ruan S, Zhao J, Yang H, Zhu Y, Raymond HF. Which Chinese men who have sex with men miss out on HIV testing? Sex Transm Infect. 2011;87(3):225–8.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Zou H, Hu N, Xin Q, Beck J. HIV testing among men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(7):1717–28.CrossRefPubMed Zou H, Hu N, Xin Q, Beck J. HIV testing among men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(7):1717–28.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Rotheram-Borus MJ, Newman PA, Etzel MA. Effective detection of HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;25(Suppl 2):S105–14.CrossRefPubMed Rotheram-Borus MJ, Newman PA, Etzel MA. Effective detection of HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;25(Suppl 2):S105–14.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Hao C, Huan X, Yan H, Yang H, Guan W, Xu X, et al. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the relative efficacy of enhanced versus standard voluntary counseling and testing on promoting condom use among men who have sex with men in China. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(5):1138–47.CrossRefPubMed Hao C, Huan X, Yan H, Yang H, Guan W, Xu X, et al. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the relative efficacy of enhanced versus standard voluntary counseling and testing on promoting condom use among men who have sex with men in China. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(5):1138–47.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Petersen R, Albright J, Garrett JM, Curtis KM. Pregnancy and STD prevention counseling using an adaptation of motivational interviewing: a randomized controlled trial. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2007;39(1):21–8.CrossRefPubMed Petersen R, Albright J, Garrett JM, Curtis KM. Pregnancy and STD prevention counseling using an adaptation of motivational interviewing: a randomized controlled trial. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2007;39(1):21–8.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Wolitski RJ, MacGowan RJ, Higgins DL, Jorgensen CM. The effects of HIV counseling and testing on risk-related practices and help-seeking behavior. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997;9(3 Suppl):52–67.PubMed Wolitski RJ, MacGowan RJ, Higgins DL, Jorgensen CM. The effects of HIV counseling and testing on risk-related practices and help-seeking behavior. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997;9(3 Suppl):52–67.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Kalichman SC, Schaper PE, Belcher L, Abush-Kirsh T, Cherry C, Williams EA, et al. It’s like a regular part of gay life: repeat HIV antibody testing among gay and bisexual men. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997;9(3 Suppl):41–51.PubMed Kalichman SC, Schaper PE, Belcher L, Abush-Kirsh T, Cherry C, Williams EA, et al. It’s like a regular part of gay life: repeat HIV antibody testing among gay and bisexual men. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997;9(3 Suppl):41–51.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Phillips KA, Paul J, Kegeles S, Stall R, Hoff C, Coates TJ. Predictors of repeat HIV testing among gay and bisexual men. AIDS. 1995;9(7):769–75.CrossRefPubMed Phillips KA, Paul J, Kegeles S, Stall R, Hoff C, Coates TJ. Predictors of repeat HIV testing among gay and bisexual men. AIDS. 1995;9(7):769–75.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Zimmerman MA, Pham CT, Steinman KJ. HIV/AIDS Education: national surveys, counseling and testing programs and the role of physicians. (1995). Zimmerman MA, Pham CT, Steinman KJ. HIV/AIDS Education: national surveys, counseling and testing programs and the role of physicians. (1995).
28.
go back to reference Williams-Roberts H, Chang Y, Losina E, Freedberg KA, Walensky RP. Frequent HIV testing among participants of a routine HIV testing program. Virulence. 2010;1(2):68–71.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Williams-Roberts H, Chang Y, Losina E, Freedberg KA, Walensky RP. Frequent HIV testing among participants of a routine HIV testing program. Virulence. 2010;1(2):68–71.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference An XJ, Yu HF, Li ZJ, Fang QF, Ma AB, Yang ZM, et al. Traditional voluntary HIV counseling and testing: challenges and suggestions. Chin J AIDS STDs. 2009;15(1):91–3. An XJ, Yu HF, Li ZJ, Fang QF, Ma AB, Yang ZM, et al. Traditional voluntary HIV counseling and testing: challenges and suggestions. Chin J AIDS STDs. 2009;15(1):91–3.
30.
go back to reference Ran YH, Li H, Sun JP. Voluntary HIV counseling and testing: global development and status in China. Chin J AIDS STDs. 2008;14(2):204–6. Ran YH, Li H, Sun JP. Voluntary HIV counseling and testing: global development and status in China. Chin J AIDS STDs. 2008;14(2):204–6.
31.
go back to reference HIV testing among men who have sex with men–21 cities, United States, 2008. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2011;60(21):694–9. HIV testing among men who have sex with men–21 cities, United States, 2008. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2011;60(21):694–9.
32.
go back to reference Abara W, Annang L, Spencer SM, Fairchild AJ, Billings D. Understanding internet sex-seeking behaviour and sexual risk among young men who have sex with men: evidences from a cross-sectional study. Sex Transm Infect. 2014;90(8):596–601.CrossRefPubMed Abara W, Annang L, Spencer SM, Fairchild AJ, Billings D. Understanding internet sex-seeking behaviour and sexual risk among young men who have sex with men: evidences from a cross-sectional study. Sex Transm Infect. 2014;90(8):596–601.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Mason K, Ketende S, Peitzmeier S, Ceesay N, Diouf D, Loum J, et al. A cross-sectional analysis of population demographics, HIV knowledge and risk behaviors, and prevalence and associations of HIV among men who have sex with men in the Gambia. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir. 2013;29(12):1547–52.CrossRefPubMed Mason K, Ketende S, Peitzmeier S, Ceesay N, Diouf D, Loum J, et al. A cross-sectional analysis of population demographics, HIV knowledge and risk behaviors, and prevalence and associations of HIV among men who have sex with men in the Gambia. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir. 2013;29(12):1547–52.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Deuba K, Ekstrom AM, Shrestha R, Ionita G, Bhatta L, Karki DK. Psychosocial health problems associated with increased HIV risk behavior among men who have sex with men in Nepal: a cross-sectional survey. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58099.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Deuba K, Ekstrom AM, Shrestha R, Ionita G, Bhatta L, Karki DK. Psychosocial health problems associated with increased HIV risk behavior among men who have sex with men in Nepal: a cross-sectional survey. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58099.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Li D, Yang X, Zhang Z, Qi X, Ruan Y, Jia Y, et al. Nitrite inhalants use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in China. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:365261.PubMedCentralPubMed Li D, Yang X, Zhang Z, Qi X, Ruan Y, Jia Y, et al. Nitrite inhalants use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in China. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:365261.PubMedCentralPubMed
36.
go back to reference Xu JJ, Qian HZ, Chu ZX, Zhang J, Hu QH, Jiang YJ, et al. Recreational drug use among Chinese men who have sex with men: a risky combination with unprotected sex for acquiring HIV infection. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:725361.PubMedCentralPubMed Xu JJ, Qian HZ, Chu ZX, Zhang J, Hu QH, Jiang YJ, et al. Recreational drug use among Chinese men who have sex with men: a risky combination with unprotected sex for acquiring HIV infection. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:725361.PubMedCentralPubMed
37.
go back to reference Lau JT, Cai W, Tsui HY, Cheng J, Chen L, Choi KC, et al. Prevalence and correlates of unprotected anal intercourse among Hong Kong men who have sex with men traveling to Shenzhen, China. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(4):1395–405.CrossRefPubMed Lau JT, Cai W, Tsui HY, Cheng J, Chen L, Choi KC, et al. Prevalence and correlates of unprotected anal intercourse among Hong Kong men who have sex with men traveling to Shenzhen, China. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(4):1395–405.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Guideline for HIV voluntary testing and counselling (VCT). Beijing: China Science and Technology Press; 2006. Guideline for HIV voluntary testing and counselling (VCT). Beijing: China Science and Technology Press; 2006.
39.
go back to reference Bao YG, Zhang YH, Zhao JK, Sun JP, Tan HZ. HIV infection and KAP status among men who have sex with men in 14 Chinese cities. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009;43(11):981–3 Chinese.PubMed Bao YG, Zhang YH, Zhao JK, Sun JP, Tan HZ. HIV infection and KAP status among men who have sex with men in 14 Chinese cities. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009;43(11):981–3 Chinese.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Ruan Y, Luo F, Jia Y, Li X, Li Q, Liang H, et al. Risk factors for syphilis and prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: implications for HIV prevention. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(4):663–70.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Ruan Y, Luo F, Jia Y, Li X, Li Q, Liang H, et al. Risk factors for syphilis and prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: implications for HIV prevention. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(4):663–70.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Zhang X, Yu J, Li M, Sun X, Han Q, Zhou F, et al. Prevalence and related risk behaviors of HIV, syphilis, and anal HPV infection among men who have sex with men from Beijing, China. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(3):1129–36.CrossRefPubMed Zhang X, Yu J, Li M, Sun X, Han Q, Zhou F, et al. Prevalence and related risk behaviors of HIV, syphilis, and anal HPV infection among men who have sex with men from Beijing, China. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(3):1129–36.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Rew L, Horner SD. Youth resilience framework for reducing health-risk behaviors in adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs. 2003;18(6):379–88.CrossRefPubMed Rew L, Horner SD. Youth resilience framework for reducing health-risk behaviors in adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs. 2003;18(6):379–88.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Bradley H, Tsui A, Kidanu A, Gillespie D. Client characteristics and HIV risk associated with repeat HIV testing among women in Ethiopia. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(4):725–33.CrossRefPubMed Bradley H, Tsui A, Kidanu A, Gillespie D. Client characteristics and HIV risk associated with repeat HIV testing among women in Ethiopia. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(4):725–33.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Regan S, Losina E, Chetty S, Giddy J, Walensky RP, Ross D, et al. Factors associated with self-reported repeat HIV testing after a negative result in Durban, South Africa. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e62362.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Regan S, Losina E, Chetty S, Giddy J, Walensky RP, Ross D, et al. Factors associated with self-reported repeat HIV testing after a negative result in Durban, South Africa. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e62362.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Metsch LR, Feaster DJ, Gooden L, Schackman BR, Matheson T, Das M, et al. Effect of risk-reduction counseling with rapid HIV testing on risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections: the AWARE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310(16):1701–10.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Metsch LR, Feaster DJ, Gooden L, Schackman BR, Matheson T, Das M, et al. Effect of risk-reduction counseling with rapid HIV testing on risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections: the AWARE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310(16):1701–10.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference De Cock KM. Plus ca change… antiretroviral therapy, HIV prevention, and the HIV treatment cascade. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(7):1012–4.CrossRefPubMed De Cock KM. Plus ca change… antiretroviral therapy, HIV prevention, and the HIV treatment cascade. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(7):1012–4.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Richardson JL, Milam J, McCutchan A, Stoyanoff S, Bolan R, Weiss J, et al. Effect of brief safer-sex counseling by medical providers to HIV-1 seropositive patients: a multi-clinic assessment. AIDS. 2004;18(8):1179–86.CrossRefPubMed Richardson JL, Milam J, McCutchan A, Stoyanoff S, Bolan R, Weiss J, et al. Effect of brief safer-sex counseling by medical providers to HIV-1 seropositive patients: a multi-clinic assessment. AIDS. 2004;18(8):1179–86.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Dilley JW, Woods WJ, Loeb L, Nelson K, Sheon N, Mullan J, et al. Brief cognitive counseling with HIV testing to reduce sexual risk among men who have sex with men: results from a randomized controlled trial using paraprofessional counselors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44(5):569–77.CrossRefPubMed Dilley JW, Woods WJ, Loeb L, Nelson K, Sheon N, Mullan J, et al. Brief cognitive counseling with HIV testing to reduce sexual risk among men who have sex with men: results from a randomized controlled trial using paraprofessional counselors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44(5):569–77.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference He H, Wang M, Zaller N, Wang J, Song D, Qu Y, et al. Prevalence of syphilis infection and associations with sexual risk behaviours among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China. Int J STD AIDS. 2014;25(6):410–9.CrossRefPubMed He H, Wang M, Zaller N, Wang J, Song D, Qu Y, et al. Prevalence of syphilis infection and associations with sexual risk behaviours among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China. Int J STD AIDS. 2014;25(6):410–9.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Li D, Li S, Liu Y, Gao Y, Yu M, Yang X, et al. HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in Beijing: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012;2(6):e001829.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Li D, Li S, Liu Y, Gao Y, Yu M, Yang X, et al. HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in Beijing: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012;2(6):e001829.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Cheng W, Tang W, Zhong F, Babu GR, Han Z, Qin F, et al. Consistently High Unprotected Anal Intercourse (UAI) and factors correlated with UAI among men who have sex with men: implication of a serial cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14(1):696.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Cheng W, Tang W, Zhong F, Babu GR, Han Z, Qin F, et al. Consistently High Unprotected Anal Intercourse (UAI) and factors correlated with UAI among men who have sex with men: implication of a serial cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14(1):696.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Repeated HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Increased Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors
Joseph T. F. Lau
Dongliang Li
Zixin Wang
Coco H. Y. Lai
Publication date
01-11-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 11/2015
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1034-x

Other articles of this Issue 11/2015

AIDS and Behavior 11/2015 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.