Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 1/2008

01-03-2008 | Clinical Trial

Relationships between circulating hormone levels, mammographic percent density and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women

Authors: Harriet Johansson, Sara Gandini, Bernardo Bonanni, Frederique Mariette, Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga, Davide Serrano, Enrico Cassano, Francesca Ramazzotto, Laura Baglietto, Maria Teresa Sandri, Andrea Decensi

Published in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | Issue 1/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Endogenous hormones and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) play a central role in breast cancer development. Mammographic density, an important breast cancer risk factor, has been associated with these biomarkers in premenopausal women. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between circulating hormones, clinical features related to breast cancer risk and mammographic density in postmenopausal women.

Subjects and methods

The study included 226 postmenopausal women participating in a clinical prevention trial. We performed baseline measurements of mammographic percent density and circulating levels of estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, C-terminal cross-link telopeptide, IGF-I, and IGF binding protein-3.

Results

Median age and time since last menses were 52 years and 15 months, respectively. Median body mass index was 24.1 kg/m2. After adjusting for age and body mass index, estradiol was the only biomarker significantly correlated with mammographic density (r = 0.17; P = 0.04). Women with normal body mass index had higher mammographic density (P < 0.001), higher SHBG (P < 0.0001), higher FSH (P = 0.002) and lower estradiol levels (P = 0.01) than those who were overweight. Women who had previous biopsies for benign breast disease had a higher mammographic density (P = 0.006).

Conclusions

In these recently postmenopausal women, mammographic percent density is directly associated with circulating estradiol levels. Our results provide further support to the role of circulating hormones in breast cancer risk.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Shull JD, Spady TJ, Snyder MC et al (1997) Ovary-intact, but not ovariectomized female ACI rats treated with 17beta-estradiol rapidly develop mammary carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 18:1595–1601PubMedCrossRef Shull JD, Spady TJ, Snyder MC et al (1997) Ovary-intact, but not ovariectomized female ACI rats treated with 17beta-estradiol rapidly develop mammary carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 18:1595–1601PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Yue W, Santen RJ, Wang JP et al (2003) Genotoxic metabolites of estradiol in breast: potential mechanism of estradiol induced carcinogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 86:477–486PubMedCrossRef Yue W, Santen RJ, Wang JP et al (2003) Genotoxic metabolites of estradiol in breast: potential mechanism of estradiol induced carcinogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 86:477–486PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Feinleib M (1968) Breast cancer and artificial menopause: a cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 41:315–329PubMed Feinleib M (1968) Breast cancer and artificial menopause: a cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 41:315–329PubMed
4.
go back to reference Ingle JN (2005) Endocrine therapy trials of aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer in the adjuvant and prevention settings. Clin Cancer Res 11:900s–905sPubMed Ingle JN (2005) Endocrine therapy trials of aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer in the adjuvant and prevention settings. Clin Cancer Res 11:900s–905sPubMed
5.
go back to reference Key T, Appleby P, Barnes I et al (2002) Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of nine prospective studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:606–616PubMed Key T, Appleby P, Barnes I et al (2002) Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of nine prospective studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:606–616PubMed
6.
go back to reference Kaaks R, Berrino F, Key T et al (2005) Serum sex steroids in premenopausal women and breast cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst 97:755–765PubMedCrossRef Kaaks R, Berrino F, Key T et al (2005) Serum sex steroids in premenopausal women and breast cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst 97:755–765PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Cummings SR, Lee JS, Lui LY et al (2005) Sex hormones, risk factors, and risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in older women: a long-term prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1047–1051PubMedCrossRef Cummings SR, Lee JS, Lui LY et al (2005) Sex hormones, risk factors, and risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in older women: a long-term prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1047–1051PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Ellis MJ, Jenkins S, Hanfelt J et al (1998) Insulin-like growth factors in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 52:175–184PubMedCrossRef Ellis MJ, Jenkins S, Hanfelt J et al (1998) Insulin-like growth factors in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 52:175–184PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Schernhammer ES, Holly JM, Pollak MN et al (2005) Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors, their binding proteins, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:699–704PubMedCrossRef Schernhammer ES, Holly JM, Pollak MN et al (2005) Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors, their binding proteins, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:699–704PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Toniolo P, Bruning PF, Akhmedkhanov A et al (2000) Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and breast cancer. Int J Cancer 88:828–832PubMedCrossRef Toniolo P, Bruning PF, Akhmedkhanov A et al (2000) Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and breast cancer. Int J Cancer 88:828–832PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Yu H, Jin F, Shu XO et al (2002) Insulin-like growth factors and breast cancer risk in Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:705–712PubMed Yu H, Jin F, Shu XO et al (2002) Insulin-like growth factors and breast cancer risk in Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:705–712PubMed
12.
go back to reference Yu H, Shu XO, Li BDL et al (2003) Joint effect of insulin-like growth factors and sex steroids on breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12:1067–1073PubMed Yu H, Shu XO, Li BDL et al (2003) Joint effect of insulin-like growth factors and sex steroids on breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12:1067–1073PubMed
13.
go back to reference Boyd NF, Lockwood GA, Byng JW et al (1998) Mammographic densities and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7:1133–1144PubMed Boyd NF, Lockwood GA, Byng JW et al (1998) Mammographic densities and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7:1133–1144PubMed
14.
go back to reference Boyd NF, Stone J, Martin LJ et al (2002) The association of breast mitogens with mammographic densities. Br J Cancer 87:876–882PubMedCrossRef Boyd NF, Stone J, Martin LJ et al (2002) The association of breast mitogens with mammographic densities. Br J Cancer 87:876–882PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Byrne C, Colditz GA, Willett WC et al (2000) Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, IGF-binding protein 3, and mammographic density. Cancer Res 60:3744–3748PubMed Byrne C, Colditz GA, Willett WC et al (2000) Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, IGF-binding protein 3, and mammographic density. Cancer Res 60:3744–3748PubMed
16.
go back to reference Maskarinec G, Williams AE, Kaaks R (2003) A cross-sectional investigation of breast density and insulin-like growth factor I. Int J Cancer 107:991–996PubMedCrossRef Maskarinec G, Williams AE, Kaaks R (2003) A cross-sectional investigation of breast density and insulin-like growth factor I. Int J Cancer 107:991–996PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Lai JH, Vesprini D, Zhang W et al (2004) A polymorphic locus in the promoter region of the IGFBP3 gene is related to mammographic breast density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:573–582PubMed Lai JH, Vesprini D, Zhang W et al (2004) A polymorphic locus in the promoter region of the IGFBP3 gene is related to mammographic breast density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:573–582PubMed
18.
go back to reference Deal C, Ma J, Wilkin F et al (2001) Novel promoter polymorphism in insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3: correlation with serum levels and interaction with known regulators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:1274–1280PubMedCrossRef Deal C, Ma J, Wilkin F et al (2001) Novel promoter polymorphism in insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3: correlation with serum levels and interaction with known regulators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:1274–1280PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Aiello EJ, Tworoger SS, Yasui Y et al (2005) Associations among circulating sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor, lipids, and mammographic density in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1411–1417PubMedCrossRef Aiello EJ, Tworoger SS, Yasui Y et al (2005) Associations among circulating sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor, lipids, and mammographic density in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1411–1417PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Greendale GA, Palla SL, Ursin G et al (2005) The association of endogenous sex steroids and sex steroid binding proteins with mammographic density: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Mammographic Density Study. Am J Epidemiol 162:826–834PubMedCrossRef Greendale GA, Palla SL, Ursin G et al (2005) The association of endogenous sex steroids and sex steroid binding proteins with mammographic density: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Mammographic Density Study. Am J Epidemiol 162:826–834PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Noh JJ, Maskarinec G, Pagano I et al (2006) Mammographic densities and circulating hormones: a cross-sectional study in premenopausal women. Breast 15:20–28PubMedCrossRef Noh JJ, Maskarinec G, Pagano I et al (2006) Mammographic densities and circulating hormones: a cross-sectional study in premenopausal women. Breast 15:20–28PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Tamimi RM, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA et al (2005) Endogenous sex hormone levels and mammographic density among postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:2641–2647PubMedCrossRef Tamimi RM, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA et al (2005) Endogenous sex hormone levels and mammographic density among postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:2641–2647PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Warren R, Skinner J, Sala E et al (2006) Associations among mammographic density, circulating sex hormones, and polymorphisms in sex hormone metabolism genes in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1502–1508PubMedCrossRef Warren R, Skinner J, Sala E et al (2006) Associations among mammographic density, circulating sex hormones, and polymorphisms in sex hormone metabolism genes in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1502–1508PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Decensi A, Bonanni B, Baglietto L et al (2004) A two-by-two factorial trial comparing oral with transdermal estrogen therapy and fenretinide with placebo on breast cancer biomarkers. Clin Cancer Res 10:4389–4397PubMedCrossRef Decensi A, Bonanni B, Baglietto L et al (2004) A two-by-two factorial trial comparing oral with transdermal estrogen therapy and fenretinide with placebo on breast cancer biomarkers. Clin Cancer Res 10:4389–4397PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Boyd N, Martin L, Stone J et al (2002) A longitudinal study of the effects of menopause on mammographic features. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:1048–1053PubMed Boyd N, Martin L, Stone J et al (2002) A longitudinal study of the effects of menopause on mammographic features. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:1048–1053PubMed
26.
go back to reference SAS Institute Inc (1990) SAS/STATTM User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc, USA, Cary, NC SAS Institute Inc (1990) SAS/STATTM User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc, USA, Cary, NC
27.
go back to reference Boyd NF, Lockwood GA, Martin LJ et al (1998) Mammographic densities and breast cancer risk. Breast Dis 10:113–126PubMed Boyd NF, Lockwood GA, Martin LJ et al (1998) Mammographic densities and breast cancer risk. Breast Dis 10:113–126PubMed
28.
go back to reference Greendale GA, Reboussin BA, Slone S et al (2003) Postmenopausal hormone therapy and change in mammographic density. J Natl Cancer Inst 95:30–37PubMedCrossRef Greendale GA, Reboussin BA, Slone S et al (2003) Postmenopausal hormone therapy and change in mammographic density. J Natl Cancer Inst 95:30–37PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Spicer DV, Ursin G, Parisky YR et al (1994) Changes in mammographic densities induced by a hormonal contraceptive designed to reduce breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:431–436PubMedCrossRef Spicer DV, Ursin G, Parisky YR et al (1994) Changes in mammographic densities induced by a hormonal contraceptive designed to reduce breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:431–436PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Brisson J, Brisson B, Cote G et al (2000) Tamoxifen and mammographic breast densities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:911–915PubMed Brisson J, Brisson B, Cote G et al (2000) Tamoxifen and mammographic breast densities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:911–915PubMed
31.
go back to reference Cuzick J, Warwick J, Pinney E et al (2004) Tamoxifen and breast density in women at increased risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:621–628PubMedCrossRef Cuzick J, Warwick J, Pinney E et al (2004) Tamoxifen and breast density in women at increased risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:621–628PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Diorio C, Pollak M, Byrne C et al (2005) Insulin-Like growth factor-I, IGF-binding protein-3, and mammographic breast density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1065–1073PubMedCrossRef Diorio C, Pollak M, Byrne C et al (2005) Insulin-Like growth factor-I, IGF-binding protein-3, and mammographic breast density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1065–1073PubMedCrossRef
33.
34.
go back to reference Lonning PE, Helle SI, Johannessen DC et al (1995) Relations between sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in post-menopausal breast cancer patients. Clin Endocrinol 42:23–30 Lonning PE, Helle SI, Johannessen DC et al (1995) Relations between sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in post-menopausal breast cancer patients. Clin Endocrinol 42:23–30
35.
go back to reference Key TJ, Appleby PN, Reeves GK et al (2003) Body mass index, serum sex hormones, and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 95:1218–1226PubMedCrossRef Key TJ, Appleby PN, Reeves GK et al (2003) Body mass index, serum sex hormones, and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 95:1218–1226PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Kalish GM, Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA et al (2003) Association of endogenous sex hormones and insulin resistance among postmenopausal women: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Intervention Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:1646–1652PubMedCrossRef Kalish GM, Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA et al (2003) Association of endogenous sex hormones and insulin resistance among postmenopausal women: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Intervention Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:1646–1652PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Sowers M, Derby C, Jannausch ML et al (2003) Insulin resistance, hemostatic factors, and hormone interactions in pre- and perimenopausal women: SWAN. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:4904–4910PubMedCrossRef Sowers M, Derby C, Jannausch ML et al (2003) Insulin resistance, hemostatic factors, and hormone interactions in pre- and perimenopausal women: SWAN. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:4904–4910PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Lukanova A, Lundin E, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A et al (2004) Body mass index, circulating levels of sex-steroid hormones, IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3: a cross-sectional study in healthy women. Eur J Endocrinol 150:161–171PubMedCrossRef Lukanova A, Lundin E, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A et al (2004) Body mass index, circulating levels of sex-steroid hormones, IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3: a cross-sectional study in healthy women. Eur J Endocrinol 150:161–171PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Chailurkit LO, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Piaseu N et al (2001) Biochemical markers of bone turnover and response of bone mineral density to intervention in early postmenopausal women: an experience in a clinical laboratory. Clin Chem 47:1083–1088PubMed Chailurkit LO, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Piaseu N et al (2001) Biochemical markers of bone turnover and response of bone mineral density to intervention in early postmenopausal women: an experience in a clinical laboratory. Clin Chem 47:1083–1088PubMed
40.
go back to reference Boyd NF, Lockwood GA, Byng JW et al (1998) The relationship of anthropometric measures to radiological features of the breast in premenopausal women. Br J Cancer 78:1233–1238PubMed Boyd NF, Lockwood GA, Byng JW et al (1998) The relationship of anthropometric measures to radiological features of the breast in premenopausal women. Br J Cancer 78:1233–1238PubMed
41.
go back to reference Brandt Van den PA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS et al (2000) Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies on height, weight, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 152:514–527PubMedCrossRef Brandt Van den PA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS et al (2000) Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies on height, weight, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 152:514–527PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Potischman N, Swanson CA, Siiteri P et al (1996) Reversal of relation between body mass and endogenous estrogen concentrations with menopausal status. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:756–758PubMedCrossRef Potischman N, Swanson CA, Siiteri P et al (1996) Reversal of relation between body mass and endogenous estrogen concentrations with menopausal status. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:756–758PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Labrie F, Luu-The V, Labrie C et al (2003) Endocrine and intracrine sources of androgens in women: inhibition of breast cancer and other roles of androgens and their precursor dehydroepiandrosterone. Endocr Rev 24:152–182PubMedCrossRef Labrie F, Luu-The V, Labrie C et al (2003) Endocrine and intracrine sources of androgens in women: inhibition of breast cancer and other roles of androgens and their precursor dehydroepiandrosterone. Endocr Rev 24:152–182PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Mouridsen HT, Rose C, Brodie AH et al (2003) Challenges in the endocrine management of breast cancer. Breast 12(2):S2–S19PubMedCrossRef Mouridsen HT, Rose C, Brodie AH et al (2003) Challenges in the endocrine management of breast cancer. Breast 12(2):S2–S19PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Szymczak J, Milewicz A, Thijssen JH et al (1998) Concentration of sex steroids in adipose tissue after menopause. Steroids 63:319–321PubMedCrossRef Szymczak J, Milewicz A, Thijssen JH et al (1998) Concentration of sex steroids in adipose tissue after menopause. Steroids 63:319–321PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Clevenger CV, Furth PA, Hankinson SE et al (2003) The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma. Endocr Rev 24:1–27PubMedCrossRef Clevenger CV, Furth PA, Hankinson SE et al (2003) The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma. Endocr Rev 24:1–27PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Tworoger SS, Eliassen AH, Rosner B et al (2004) Plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Res 64:6814–6819PubMedCrossRef Tworoger SS, Eliassen AH, Rosner B et al (2004) Plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Res 64:6814–6819PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Eliassen AH, Tworoger SS, Hankinson SE (2007) Reproductive factors and family history of breast cancer in relation to plasma prolactin levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Int J Cancer 120:1536–1541PubMedCrossRef Eliassen AH, Tworoger SS, Hankinson SE (2007) Reproductive factors and family history of breast cancer in relation to plasma prolactin levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Int J Cancer 120:1536–1541PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (1996) Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies. Lancet 347:1713–1727CrossRef Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (1996) Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies. Lancet 347:1713–1727CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Jernstrom H, Deal C, Wilkin F et al (2001) Genetic and nongenetic factors associated with variation of plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 in healthy premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:377–384PubMed Jernstrom H, Deal C, Wilkin F et al (2001) Genetic and nongenetic factors associated with variation of plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 in healthy premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:377–384PubMed
51.
go back to reference Costantino JP, Gail MH, Pee D et al (1999) Validation studies for models projecting the risk of invasive and total breast cancer incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:1541–1548PubMedCrossRef Costantino JP, Gail MH, Pee D et al (1999) Validation studies for models projecting the risk of invasive and total breast cancer incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:1541–1548PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Sala E, Warren R, McCann J et al (2000) Smoking and high-risk mammographic parenchymal patterns: a case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2:59–63PubMedCrossRef Sala E, Warren R, McCann J et al (2000) Smoking and high-risk mammographic parenchymal patterns: a case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2:59–63PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Warwick J, Pinney E, Warren RM et al (2003) Breast density and breast cancer risk factors in a high-risk population. Breast 12:10–16PubMedCrossRef Warwick J, Pinney E, Warren RM et al (2003) Breast density and breast cancer risk factors in a high-risk population. Breast 12:10–16PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Tanko LB, Christiansen C (2004) An update on the antiestrogenic effect of smoking: a literature review with implications for researchers and practitioners. Menopause 11:104–109PubMedCrossRef Tanko LB, Christiansen C (2004) An update on the antiestrogenic effect of smoking: a literature review with implications for researchers and practitioners. Menopause 11:104–109PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Relationships between circulating hormone levels, mammographic percent density and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women
Authors
Harriet Johansson
Sara Gandini
Bernardo Bonanni
Frederique Mariette
Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga
Davide Serrano
Enrico Cassano
Francesca Ramazzotto
Laura Baglietto
Maria Teresa Sandri
Andrea Decensi
Publication date
01-03-2008
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment / Issue 1/2008
Print ISSN: 0167-6806
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7217
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-007-9577-9

Other articles of this Issue 1/2008

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 1/2008 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine