Top

Published in:

01-12-2015 | Metabolism (P Trayhurn, Section Editor)

Recent Progress in the Understanding of Obesity: Contributions of Genome-Wide Association Studies

Authors: Mette Korre Andersen, Camilla Helene Sandholt

Published in: Current Obesity Reports | Issue 4/2015

Abstract

Since 2007, discovery of genetic variants associated with general obesity and fat distribution has advanced tremendously through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Currently, the number of robustly associated loci is 190. Even though these loci explain <3 % of the variance, they have provided us a still emerging picture of genomic localization, frequency and effect size spectra, and hints of functional implications. The translation into biological knowledge has turned out to be an immense task. However, in silico enrichment analyses of genes involved in specific pathways or expressed in specific tissues have the power to suggest biological mechanisms underlying obesity. Inspired by this, we highlight genes in five loci potentially mechanistically linked to leptin-receptor trafficking and signaling in primary cilia. The clinical application of genetic knowledge as prediction, prevention, or treatment strategies is unfortunately still far from reality. Thus, despite major advances, further research is warranted to solve one of the greatest health problems in modern society.

Stunkard AJ, Harris JR, Pedersen NL, McClearn GE. The body-mass index of twins who have been reared apart. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1483–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM199005243222102.CrossRefPubMed

Allison DB, Kaprio J, Korkeila M, et al. The heritability of body mass index among an international sample of monozygotic twins reared apart. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996;20:501–6.PubMed

Maes HH, Neale MC, Eaves LJ. Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity. Behav Genet. 1997;27:325–51.CrossRefPubMed

Snijder MB, Dekker JM, Visser M, et al. Associations of hip and thigh circumferences independent of waist circumference with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:1192–7.PubMed

Frayling TM, Timpson NJ, Weedon MN, et al. A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science. 2007;316:889–94. doi:10.1126/science.1141634.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Loos RJF, Lindgren CM, Li S, et al. Common variants near MC4R are associated with fat mass, weight and risk of obesity. Nat Genet. 2008;40:768–75. doi:10.1038/ng.140.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Willer CJ, Speliotes EK, Loos RJF, et al. Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation. Nat Genet. 2009;41:25–34. doi:10.1038/ng.287.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Speliotes EK, Willer CJ, Berndt SI, et al. Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index. Nat Genet. 2010;42:937–48. doi:10.1038/ng.686.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

9.••

Locke AE, Kahali B, Berndt SI, et al. Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology. Nature. 2015;518:197–206. doi:10.1038/nature14177. This large GWAS has contributed significantly to discovery and validation of loci associated with obesity.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

10.

Berndt SI, Gustafsson S, Mägi R, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture. Nat Genet. 2013;45:501–12. doi:10.1038/ng.2606.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

11.

Kilpeläinen TO, Zillikens MC, Stančákova A, et al. Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile. Nat Genet. 2011;43:753–60. doi:10.1038/ng.866.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

12.

Benzinou M, Creemers JWM, Choquet H, et al. Common nonsynonymous variants in PCSK1 confer risk of obesity. Nat Genet. 2008;40:943–5. doi:10.1038/ng.177.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Meyre D, Delplanque J, Chèvre J-C, et al. Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations. Nat Genet. 2009;41:157–9. doi:10.1038/ng.301.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Scherag A, Dina C, Hinney A, et al. Two new loci for body-weight regulation identified in a joint analysis of genome-wide association studies for early-onset extreme obesity in French and German study groups. PLoS Genet. 2010;6:2–11. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000916.CrossRef

15.

Bradfield JP, Taal HR, Timpson NJ, et al. A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new childhood obesity loci. Nat Genet. 2012;44:526–31. doi:10.1038/ng.2247.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

16.

Wheeler E, Huang N, Bochukova EG, et al. Genome-wide SNP and CNV analysis identifies common and low-frequency variants associated with severe early-onset obesity. Nat Genet. 2013;45:513–7. doi:10.1038/ng.2607.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

17.

Wen W, Cho Y-S, Zheng W, et al. Meta-analysis identifies common variants associated with body mass index in east Asians. Nat Genet. 2012;44:307–11. doi:10.1038/ng.1087.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

18.

Wen W, Zheng W, Okada Y, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in East Asian-ancestry populations identifies four new loci for body mass index. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23:5492–504. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu248.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

19.

Okada Y, Kubo M, Ohmiya H, et al. Common variants at CDKAL1 and KLF9 are associated with body mass index in east Asian populations. Nat Genet. 2012;44:302–6. doi:10.1038/ng.1086.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Monda KL, Chen GK, Taylor KC, et al. A meta-analysis identifies new loci associated with body mass index in individuals of African ancestry. Nat Genet. 2013;45:690–6. doi:10.1038/ng.2608.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

21.

Gong J, Schumacher F, Lim U, et al. Fine mapping and identification of BMI loci in African Americans. Am J Hum Genet. 2013;93:661–71. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.08.012.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

22.••

Shungin D, Winkler TW, Croteau-Chonka DC, et al. New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution. Nature. 2015;518:187–96. doi:10.1038/nature14132. This large GWAS has contributed significantly to discovery and validation of loci associated with fat distribution.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

23.

Guo Y, Lanktree MB, Taylor KC, et al. Gene-centric meta-analyses of 108 912 individuals confirm known body mass index loci and reveal three novel signals. Hum Mol Genet. 2013;22:184–201. doi:10.1093/hmg/dds396.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

24.

Randall JC, Winkler TW, Kutalik Z, et al. Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits. PLoS Genet. 2013;9, e1003500. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003500.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

25.

Lindgren CM, Heid IM, Randall JC, et al. Genome-wide association scan meta-analysis identifies three loci influencing adiposity and fat distribution. PLoS Genet. 2009;5, e1000508. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000508.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

26.

Heid IM, Jackson AU, Randall JC, et al. Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. Nat Genet. 2010;42:949–60. doi:10.1038/ng.685.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

27.

Thorleifsson G, Walters GB, Gudbjartsson DF, et al. Genome-wide association yields new sequence variants at seven loci that associate with measures of obesity. Nat Genet. 2009;41:18–24. doi:10.1038/ng.274.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Visscher PM, Brown MA, McCarthy MI, Yang J. Five years of GWAS discovery. Am J Hum Genet. 2012;90:7–24. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.029.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

29.

Sandholt CH, Sparsø T, Grarup N, et al. Combined analyses of 20 common obesity susceptibility variants. Diabetes. 2010;59:1667–73. doi:10.2337/db09-1042.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

30.

Morris AP, Voight BF, Teslovich TM, et al. Large-scale association analysis provides insights into the genetic architecture and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet. 2012;44:981–90. doi:10.1038/ng.2383.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

31.

Surakka I, Horikoshi M, Mägi R, et al. The impact of low-frequency and rare variants on lipid levels. Nat Genet. 2015;47:589–97. doi:10.1038/ng.3300.CrossRefPubMed

32.•

Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Nuotio M-L, Slagter SN, et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolically healthy obesity in Europe: a collaborative analysis of ten large cohort studies. BMC Endocr Disord. 2014;14:1–13. doi:10.1186/1472-6823-14-9. Large study highlighting the phenotypic heterogeneity of obesity.CrossRef

33.

Wildman RP, Muntner P, Reynolds K, Mcginn AP. The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1617–24.CrossRefPubMed

34.•

Yaghootkar H, Scott RA, White CC, et al. Genetic evidence for a normal-weight “metabolically obese” phenotype linking insulin resistance, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2014;63:4369–77. doi:10.2337/db14-0318. Important study showing genetic support for the existence of the subgroup normal weight metabolically obese.CrossRefPubMed

35.•

Loos RJF. Integrating publicly available genome-wide association data to study the genetic basis of metabolically healthy obese and metabolically obese but normal-weight individuals. Diabetes. 2014;63:4004–7. doi:10.2337/db14-1358. Important study showing genetic support for the existence of the subgroups normal weight metabolically obese and metabolically healthy obese.CrossRefPubMed

36.•

Tung YCL, Yeo GSH, O’Rahilly S, Coll AP. Obesity and FTO: changing focus at a complex locus. Cell Metab. 2014;20:710–8. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.09.010. Interesting study illustrating the struggle to turn association signals into functional and biological knowledge.CrossRefPubMed

37.••

Pers TH, Karjalainen JM, Chan Y, et al. Biological interpretation of genome-wide association studies using predicted gene functions. Nat Commun. 2015;6:5890. doi:10.1038/ncomms6890. This powerful method has provided insight into the functional implications of the wealth of non-coding variants identified in GWAS.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

38.

Albuquerque D, Stice E, Rodríguez-López R, et al. Current review of genetics of human obesity: from molecular mechanisms to an evolutionary perspective. Mol Genet Genomics. 2015. doi:10.1007/s00438-015-1015-9.PubMed

39.

Hebebrand J, Hinney A, Knoll N, et al. Molecular genetic aspects of weight regulation. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013;110:338–44. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0338.PubMedCentralPubMed

40.

Sen Gupta P, Prodromou NV, Chapple JP. Can faulty antennae increase adiposity? The link between cilia proteins and obesity. J Endocrinol. 2009;203:327–36. doi:10.1677/JOE-09-0116.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Seo S, Guo D-F, Bugge K, et al. Requirement of Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins for leptin receptor signaling. Hum Mol Genet. 2009;18:1323–31. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp031.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

42.

Sun X, Haley J, Bulgakov OV, et al. Tubby is required for trafficking G protein-coupled receptors to neuronal cilia. Cilia. 2012;1:21. doi:10.1186/2046-2530-1-21.PubMedCentralPubMed

43.

Kernie SG, Liebl DJ, Parada LF. BDNF regulates eating behavior and locomotor activity in mice. EMBO J. 2000;19:1290–300. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.6.1290.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

44.

Praetorius HA, Spring KR. A physiological view of the primary cilium. Annu Rev Physiol. 2005;67:515–29. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.040403.101353.CrossRefPubMed

45.

Rahmouni K, Fath MA, Seo S, et al. Leptin resistance contributes to obesity and hypertension in mouse models of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:1458–67. doi:10.1172/JCI32357.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

46.

Prada PO, Quaresma PGF, Caricilli AM, et al. Tub has a key role in insulin and leptin signaling and action in vivo in hypothalamic nuclei. Diabetes. 2013;62:137–48. doi:10.2337/db11-1388.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

47.

Stubdal H, Lynch CA, Moriarty A, et al. Targeted deletion of the tub mouse obesity gene reveals that tubby is a loss-of-function mutation. Mol Cell Biol. 2000;20:878–82.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

48.

M’hamdi O, Ouertani I, Chaabouni-Bouhamed H. Update on the genetics of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Mol Syndromol. 2014;5:51–6. doi:10.1159/000357054.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

49.

Nachury MV, Loktev AV, Zhang Q, et al. A core complex of BBS proteins cooperates with the GTPase Rab8 to promote ciliary membrane biogenesis. Cell. 2007;129:1201–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.053.CrossRefPubMed

50.

Loktev AV, Jackson PK. Neuropeptide Y family receptors traffic via the Bardet-Biedl syndrome pathway to signal in neuronal primary cilia. Cell Rep. 2013;5:1316–29. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.011.CrossRefPubMed

51.

Borman AD, Pearce LR, Mackay DS, et al. A homozygous mutation in the TUB gene associated with retinal dystrophy and obesity. Hum Mutat. 2014;35:289–93. doi:10.1002/humu.22482.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

52.

Kapeller R, Moriarty A, Strauss A, et al. Tyrosine phosphorylation of tub and its association with Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins implicate tub in intracellular signaling by insulin. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:24980–6.CrossRefPubMed

53.

Leitch CC, Zaghloul NA. BBS4 is necessary for ciliary localization of TrkB receptor and activation by BDNF. PLoS One. 2014;9, e98687. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098687.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

54.

Yeo GSH, Connie Hung C-C, Rochford J, et al. A de novo mutation affecting human TrkB associated with severe obesity and developmental delay. Nat Neurosci. 2004;7:1187–9. doi:10.1038/nn1336.CrossRefPubMed

55.

Han JC, Liu Q-R, Jones M, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and obesity in the WAGR syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:918–27. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0801119.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

56.

Zhao X, Yang Y, Sun B-F, et al. FTO and obesity: mechanisms of association. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14:486. doi:10.1007/s11892-014-0486-0.CrossRefPubMed

57.

Delous M, Baala L, Salomon R, et al. The ciliary gene RPGRIP1L is mutated in cerebello-oculo-renal syndrome (Joubert syndrome type B) and Meckel syndrome. Nat Genet. 2007;39:875–81. doi:10.1038/ng2039.CrossRefPubMed

58.••

Stratigopoulos G, Martin Carli JF, O’Day DR, et al. Hypomorphism for RPGRIP1L, a ciliary gene vicinal to the FTO locus, causes increased adiposity in mice. Cell Metab. 2014;19:767–79. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.04.009. Elegant study supporting a functional role for RPGRIP1L in the FTO locus through impaired trafficking of the leptin receptor in primary cilia leading to hyperphagia and obesity.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

59.

Osborn DPS, Roccasecca RM, McMurray F, et al. Loss of FTO antagonises Wnt signaling and leads to developmental defects associated with ciliopathies. PLoS One. 2014;9, e87662. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087662.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

60.

Hanoune J, Defer N. Regulation and role of adenylyl cyclase isoforms. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:145–74. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.145.CrossRefPubMed

61.

Fukuda M, Williams KW, Gautron L, Elmquist JK. Induction of leptin resistance by activation of cAMP-Epac signaling. Cell Metab. 2011;13:331–9. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.01.016.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

62.

Wang Z, Li V, Chan GCK, et al. Adult type 3 adenylyl cyclase-deficient mice are obese. PLoS One. 2009;4, e6979. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006979.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

63.

Marion V, Stoetzel C, Schlicht D, et al. Transient ciliogenesis involving Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins is a fundamental characteristic of adipogenic differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:1820–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0812518106.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

64.

Waterworth DM, Ricketts SL, Song K, et al. Genetic variants influencing circulating lipid levels and risk of coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30:2264–76. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.201020.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

65.

Teslovich TM, Musunuru K, Smith AV, et al. Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids. Nature. 2010;466:707–13. doi:10.1038/nature09270.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

66.

Willer CJ, Schmidt EM, Sengupta S, et al. Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels. Nat Genet. 2013;45:1274–83. doi:10.1038/ng.2797.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Ehret GB, Munroe PB, Rice KM, et al. Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk. Nature. 2011;478:103–9. doi:10.1038/nature10405.CrossRefPubMed

68.

Carrera N, Arrojo M, Sanjuán J, et al. Association study of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;71:169–77. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.032.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Laube B, Kuhse J, Rundström N, et al. Modulation by zinc ions of native rat and recombinant human inhibitory glycine receptors. J Physiol. 1995;483(Pt 3):613–9.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

70.

Grabrucker S, Jannetti L, Eckert M, et al. Zinc deficiency dysregulates the synaptic ProSAP/Shank scaffold and might contribute to autism spectrum disorders. Brain. 2014;137:137–52. doi:10.1093/brain/awt303.CrossRefPubMed

71.

Takeda A, Tamano H. Cognitive decline due to excess synaptic Zn(2+) signaling in the hippocampus. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014;6:26. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00026.PubMedCentralPubMed

72.

Egan MF, Kojima M, Callicott JH, et al. The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function. Cell. 2003;112:257–69.CrossRefPubMed

73.

Sun Y, Hu D, Liang J, et al. Association between variants of zinc finger genes and psychiatric disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. 2015;162:124–37. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.036.CrossRefPubMed

74.

Jääger K, Neuman T. Human dermal fibroblasts exhibit delayed adipogenic differentiation compared with mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2011;20:1327–36. doi:10.1089/scd.2010.0258.CrossRefPubMed

75.

Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A. Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006;5:821–34. doi:10.1038/nrd2132.CrossRefPubMed

76.

van der Klaauw AA, Farooqi IS. The hunger genes: pathways to obesity. Cell. 2015;161:119–32. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.008.CrossRefPubMed

77.

Larsen LH, Echwald SM, Sørensen TIA, et al. Prevalence of mutations and functional analyses of melanocortin 4 receptor variants identified among 750 men with juvenile-onset obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:219–24. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0497.CrossRefPubMed

78.

Jiao H, Arner P, Gerdhem P, et al. Exome sequencing followed by genotyping suggests SYPL2 as a susceptibility gene for morbid obesity. Eur J Hum Genet. 2014. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.255.PubMedCentralPubMed

79.

Albrechtsen A, Grarup N, Li Y, et al. Exome sequencing-driven discovery of coding polymorphisms associated with common metabolic phenotypes. Diabetologia. 2013;56:298–310. doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2756-1.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

80.

Müller MJ, Bosy-Westphal A, Krawczak M. Genetic studies of common types of obesity: a critique of the current use of phenotypes. Obes Rev. 2010;11:612–8. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00734.x.CrossRefPubMed

81.

Blüher M. Adipokines—removing road blocks to obesity and diabetes therapy. Mol Metab. 2014;3:230–40. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2014.01.005.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Title: Recent Progress in the Understanding of Obesity: Contributions of Genome-Wide Association Studies
Authors: Mette Korre Andersen
Camilla Helene Sandholt
Publication date: 01-12-2015
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Current Obesity Reports / Issue 4/2015
Electronic ISSN: 2162-4968
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-015-0173-8

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin

Prof. Florian Limbourg

Prof. Anoop Chauhan

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits

Illustration of figure on mountain summit/© Orapun / Stock.adobe.com, STEP AAG HeroTeaserCollection image/© Tarek / Generated with AI / Stock.adobe.com, ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 4/2015

Novel Mediators of Adipose Tissue and Muscle Crosstalk

Horizons in the Pharmacotherapy of Obesity

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Obesity-Linked Metabolic Diseases and Prebiotic Potential of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts

Intrauterine Programming of Diabetes and Adiposity

Built Environment Features that Promote Cycling in School-Aged Children

The Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Serum Bile Acids in Humans and Potential Metabolic and Hormonal Implications: a Systematic Review

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage