Skip to main content
Top
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 12/2016

01-12-2016 | Original Paper

Reasons People Give for Using (or Not Using) Condoms

Authors: Elizabeth M. Farrington, David C. Bell, Aron E. DiBacco

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 12/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Study participants (N = 348) were asked about 46 reasons that have been suggested for why people use or do not use condoms. Participants were asked which of these reasons motivated them when they were deciding whether to use condoms in 503 sexual relationships. Participants were classified into one of three roles based on their HIV status and the status of each sexual partner: HIV+ people with HIV− partners; HIV− people with HIV+ partners; and HIV− people with HIV− partners. Motivations were looked at in the context of each of these roles. Of the 46 reasons, only 15 were selected by at least 1/3 of the participants, and only seven were selected by at least half. Frequently reported reasons primarily concern protecting self and partner from STDs including HIV. Less frequently reported reasons involved social norms, effects of condoms on sex, and concern for the relationship. These findings have implications for clinical interventions.
Literature
2.
go back to reference Turner J. PrEP: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. 2015. Turner J. PrEP: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. 2015.
9.
go back to reference Nimmons D, Folkman S. Other-sensitive motivation for safer sex among gay men: expanding paradigms for HIV prenvention. AIDS Behav. 1999;3(4):313–24.CrossRef Nimmons D, Folkman S. Other-sensitive motivation for safer sex among gay men: expanding paradigms for HIV prenvention. AIDS Behav. 1999;3(4):313–24.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference O’Leary A. Guessing games: Sex partner serostatus assumptions among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. In: Halkitis PN, Gomez CA, Wolitski RJ, editors. HIV+ sex: the psychological and interpersonal dynamics of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men’s relationships. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2005. p. 121–32.CrossRef O’Leary A. Guessing games: Sex partner serostatus assumptions among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. In: Halkitis PN, Gomez CA, Wolitski RJ, editors. HIV+ sex: the psychological and interpersonal dynamics of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men’s relationships. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2005. p. 121–32.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Wolitski RJ, Bailey CJ. It takes two to tango: HIV-positive gay and bisexual men’s beliefs about their responsibility to protect others from HIV infection. In: Halkitis PN, Gomez CA, Wolitski RJ, editors. HIV+ sex the psychological and interpersonal dynamics of HIV−seropositive gay and bisexual men’s relationships. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2005. p. 147–62.CrossRef Wolitski RJ, Bailey CJ. It takes two to tango: HIV-positive gay and bisexual men’s beliefs about their responsibility to protect others from HIV infection. In: Halkitis PN, Gomez CA, Wolitski RJ, editors. HIV+ sex the psychological and interpersonal dynamics of HIV−seropositive gay and bisexual men’s relationships. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2005. p. 147–62.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Hart TA, James CA, Purcell DW, Farber E. Social anxiety and HIV transmission risk among HIV-seropositive male patients. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008;22(11):257–71.CrossRef Hart TA, James CA, Purcell DW, Farber E. Social anxiety and HIV transmission risk among HIV-seropositive male patients. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008;22(11):257–71.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference O’Dell BL, Miner MH, Jacoby SM. HIV prevention altruism and sexual risk behavior in HIV positive men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2008;12:713–20.CrossRefPubMed O’Dell BL, Miner MH, Jacoby SM. HIV prevention altruism and sexual risk behavior in HIV positive men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2008;12:713–20.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference O’Leary A, Wolitski RJ. Moral agency and the sexual transmission of HIV. Psychol Bull. 2009;135(3):478–94.CrossRefPubMed O’Leary A, Wolitski RJ. Moral agency and the sexual transmission of HIV. Psychol Bull. 2009;135(3):478–94.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Stirratt MJ. I have something to tell you: HIV serostatus disclosure practices of HIV-positive gay and bisexual men with sex partners. In: Halkitis PN, Gomez CA, Wolitski RJ, editors. HIV+ sex the psychological and interpersonal dynamics of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men’s relationships. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2005. p. 101–19.CrossRef Stirratt MJ. I have something to tell you: HIV serostatus disclosure practices of HIV-positive gay and bisexual men with sex partners. In: Halkitis PN, Gomez CA, Wolitski RJ, editors. HIV+ sex the psychological and interpersonal dynamics of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men’s relationships. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2005. p. 101–19.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Becker MH. The health belief model and personal health behavior. Health Educ Monogr. 1974;2:324–508.CrossRef Becker MH. The health belief model and personal health behavior. Health Educ Monogr. 1974;2:324–508.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Rosenstock IM, Strecher VJ, Becker MH. The health belief model and HIV risk behavior change. In: DiClemente RJ, editor. Preventing AIDS: theories and methods of behavioral interventions. New York: Plenum Press; 1994. Rosenstock IM, Strecher VJ, Becker MH. The health belief model and HIV risk behavior change. In: DiClemente RJ, editor. Preventing AIDS: theories and methods of behavioral interventions. New York: Plenum Press; 1994.
18.
go back to reference Ajzen I, Fishbein M. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall; 1980. Ajzen I, Fishbein M. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall; 1980.
19.
go back to reference Fishbein M, Middlestadt SE. Using the theory of reasoned action as a framework for understanding and changing AIDS-related behaviors. In: Mays V, Albee G, Schenider S, editors. Primary prevention of AIDS: psychological approaches. Newbury Park: Sage; 1989. p. 93–110. Fishbein M, Middlestadt SE. Using the theory of reasoned action as a framework for understanding and changing AIDS-related behaviors. In: Mays V, Albee G, Schenider S, editors. Primary prevention of AIDS: psychological approaches. Newbury Park: Sage; 1989. p. 93–110.
20.
go back to reference Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Dec Process. 1991;50:179–211.CrossRef Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Dec Process. 1991;50:179–211.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Bandura A. Social cognitive theory and exercise of control over HIV infection. In: DiClemente RJ, Peterson JL, editors. Preventing AIDS: theories and methods of behavioral interventions. New York: Plenum; 1994. p. 25–59.CrossRef Bandura A. Social cognitive theory and exercise of control over HIV infection. In: DiClemente RJ, Peterson JL, editors. Preventing AIDS: theories and methods of behavioral interventions. New York: Plenum; 1994. p. 25–59.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Rogers EM. Diffusion of innovations. 3rd ed. New York: Free Press; 1995. Rogers EM. Diffusion of innovations. 3rd ed. New York: Free Press; 1995.
23.
go back to reference Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, editors. Toward a comprehensive model of change. New York: Plenum Press; 1986. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, editors. Toward a comprehensive model of change. New York: Plenum Press; 1986.
24.
go back to reference Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross JC. In search of how people change: applications to addictive behaviors. Am Psychol. 1992;47(9):1102–14.CrossRefPubMed Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross JC. In search of how people change: applications to addictive behaviors. Am Psychol. 1992;47(9):1102–14.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Catania JA, Kegeles SM, Coates TJ. Toward an understanding of risk behavior: an AIDS risk reduction model (ARRM). Health Educ Q. 1990;17:52–72.CrossRef Catania JA, Kegeles SM, Coates TJ. Toward an understanding of risk behavior: an AIDS risk reduction model (ARRM). Health Educ Q. 1990;17:52–72.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Maddux JE, Rogers RW. Protection motivation and self efficacy: a revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change. J Exp Soc Psychol. 1983;19:469–79.CrossRef Maddux JE, Rogers RW. Protection motivation and self efficacy: a revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change. J Exp Soc Psychol. 1983;19:469–79.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Weinstock HS, Lindan C, Bolan G, Kegeles SM, Hearst N. Factors associated with condom use in high-risk heterosexual population. Sex Transm Dis. 1993;20(1):14–20.CrossRefPubMed Weinstock HS, Lindan C, Bolan G, Kegeles SM, Hearst N. Factors associated with condom use in high-risk heterosexual population. Sex Transm Dis. 1993;20(1):14–20.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Edgar T, Freimuth VS, Hammond SL, McDonald DA, Fink EL. Strategic sexual communication: condom use resistance and response. Health Commun. 1992;4(2):83–104.CrossRef Edgar T, Freimuth VS, Hammond SL, McDonald DA, Fink EL. Strategic sexual communication: condom use resistance and response. Health Commun. 1992;4(2):83–104.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Harlow LL, Quina K, Morokoff PJ, Rose JS, Grimley DM. HIV risk in women: a multifaceted model. J Appl Biobehav Res. 1993;1(1):3–38.CrossRef Harlow LL, Quina K, Morokoff PJ, Rose JS, Grimley DM. HIV risk in women: a multifaceted model. J Appl Biobehav Res. 1993;1(1):3–38.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Helweg-Larsen M, Collins BE. The UCLA multidimensional condom attitudes scale: documenting the complex determinants of condom use in college students. Health Psychol. 1994;13(3):224–37.CrossRefPubMed Helweg-Larsen M, Collins BE. The UCLA multidimensional condom attitudes scale: documenting the complex determinants of condom use in college students. Health Psychol. 1994;13(3):224–37.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Katikiro E, Njau B. Motivating factors and psychosocial barriers to condom use among out-of-school youths Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cross sectional survey using the health belief model. ISRN AIDS. 2012;2012(2012):1–8.CrossRef Katikiro E, Njau B. Motivating factors and psychosocial barriers to condom use among out-of-school youths Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cross sectional survey using the health belief model. ISRN AIDS. 2012;2012(2012):1–8.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Lagarde E, Pison G, Enel C. Knowledge, attitudes and perception of AIDS in rural Senegal: relationship to sexual behaviour and behaviour change. AIDS. 1996;10(3):327–34.CrossRefPubMed Lagarde E, Pison G, Enel C. Knowledge, attitudes and perception of AIDS in rural Senegal: relationship to sexual behaviour and behaviour change. AIDS. 1996;10(3):327–34.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Valdiserri RO, Arena VC, Proctor D, Bonati FA. The relationship between women’s attitutes about condoms and their use: implications for condom promotion programs. Am J Public Health. 1989;79(4):499–501.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Valdiserri RO, Arena VC, Proctor D, Bonati FA. The relationship between women’s attitutes about condoms and their use: implications for condom promotion programs. Am J Public Health. 1989;79(4):499–501.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
go back to reference Anderson JE, Brackbill R, Mosher WD. Condom use for disease prevention among unmarried U.S. women. Fam Plann Perspect. 1996;28(1):25–8.CrossRefPubMed Anderson JE, Brackbill R, Mosher WD. Condom use for disease prevention among unmarried U.S. women. Fam Plann Perspect. 1996;28(1):25–8.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference DiClemente RJ, Durbin M, Siegal D, Krasnovsky F, Lazarus N, Canacho T. Determinants of condom use among junior high school students in a minority, inner city school district. J Soc Pers Relat. 1992;12:323–39. DiClemente RJ, Durbin M, Siegal D, Krasnovsky F, Lazarus N, Canacho T. Determinants of condom use among junior high school students in a minority, inner city school district. J Soc Pers Relat. 1992;12:323–39.
37.
go back to reference Lawrence JS, Marx BP, Scott CP, Uwakwe CBU, Roberts A, Brasfield TL. Cross-cultural comparison of US and Nigerian adolescents’ HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviour: implications for risk reduction interventions. AIDS care. 1995;7(4):449–62.CrossRef Lawrence JS, Marx BP, Scott CP, Uwakwe CBU, Roberts A, Brasfield TL. Cross-cultural comparison of US and Nigerian adolescents’ HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviour: implications for risk reduction interventions. AIDS care. 1995;7(4):449–62.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Pendergast RA, Durant RH, Gaillard G. Attitudinal and behavioral correlates of condom use in urban adolescent males. J Adolesc Health. 1992;3:133–9.CrossRef Pendergast RA, Durant RH, Gaillard G. Attitudinal and behavioral correlates of condom use in urban adolescent males. J Adolesc Health. 1992;3:133–9.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Fitzpatrick R, McLean J, Dawson J, Boulton M, Hart G. Factors influencing condom use in a sample of homosexually active men. Genitourin Med. 1990;66(5):346–50.PubMedPubMedCentral Fitzpatrick R, McLean J, Dawson J, Boulton M, Hart G. Factors influencing condom use in a sample of homosexually active men. Genitourin Med. 1990;66(5):346–50.PubMedPubMedCentral
40.
go back to reference Kelley HH, Bersheid E, Christensen A, Harvey JH, Huston TL, Levinger G, et al., editors. Close relationships. San Francisco: Freeman; 1983. Kelley HH, Bersheid E, Christensen A, Harvey JH, Huston TL, Levinger G, et al., editors. Close relationships. San Francisco: Freeman; 1983.
41.
go back to reference Bell DC. The dynamics of connection: How evolution and biology create caregiving and attachment. New York: Lexington Books; 2010. Bell DC. The dynamics of connection: How evolution and biology create caregiving and attachment. New York: Lexington Books; 2010.
42.
go back to reference Taylor SE. The tending instinct: How nurturing is essential for who we are and how we live. New York: Times Books; 2002. Taylor SE. The tending instinct: How nurturing is essential for who we are and how we live. New York: Times Books; 2002.
43.
go back to reference Lansky A, Thomas J, Earp J. Partner-specific sexual behaviors among persons with both main and other partners. Fam Plann Perspect. 1998;30(2):93–6.CrossRefPubMed Lansky A, Thomas J, Earp J. Partner-specific sexual behaviors among persons with both main and other partners. Fam Plann Perspect. 1998;30(2):93–6.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Dolcini MM, Coates TJ, Catania JA, Kegeles SM, Hauck WW. Multiple sexual partners and their psychosocial correlates: the population-based AIDS in multiethnic neighborhoods (AMEN) study. Health Psychol. 1995;14(1):22–31.CrossRefPubMed Dolcini MM, Coates TJ, Catania JA, Kegeles SM, Hauck WW. Multiple sexual partners and their psychosocial correlates: the population-based AIDS in multiethnic neighborhoods (AMEN) study. Health Psychol. 1995;14(1):22–31.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Rosengard C, Anderson B, Stein MD. Intravenous drug users’ HIV-risk behaviors with primary/other partners. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2004;30(2):225–36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rosengard C, Anderson B, Stein MD. Intravenous drug users’ HIV-risk behaviors with primary/other partners. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2004;30(2):225–36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
go back to reference Cusick L, Rhodes T. Sustaining sexual safety in relationships: HIV positive people and their sexual partners. Cult Health Sex. 2000;2(4):473–87.CrossRef Cusick L, Rhodes T. Sustaining sexual safety in relationships: HIV positive people and their sexual partners. Cult Health Sex. 2000;2(4):473–87.CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Misovich SJ, Fisher JD, Fisher WA. Close relationships and elevated HIV risk behavior: evidence and possible psychological processes. Rev Gen Psychol. 1997;1:72–107.CrossRef Misovich SJ, Fisher JD, Fisher WA. Close relationships and elevated HIV risk behavior: evidence and possible psychological processes. Rev Gen Psychol. 1997;1:72–107.CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Sheeran P, Abraham C, Orbell S. Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 1999;125:90–132.CrossRefPubMed Sheeran P, Abraham C, Orbell S. Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 1999;125:90–132.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Anderson JE, Wilson RW, Barker P, Doll L, Jones TS, Holtgrave D. Prevalence of sexual and drug-related HIV risk behaviors in the US adult population: results of the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr. 1999;21(2):148–56. Anderson JE, Wilson RW, Barker P, Doll L, Jones TS, Holtgrave D. Prevalence of sexual and drug-related HIV risk behaviors in the US adult population: results of the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr. 1999;21(2):148–56.
50.
go back to reference Crawford I, Hammack PL, McKirnan DJ, Ostrow D, Zamboni BD, Robinson B, et al. Sexual sensation seeking, reduced concern about HIV and sexual risk behaviour among gay men in primary relationships. AIDS Care. 2003;15(4):513–24.CrossRefPubMed Crawford I, Hammack PL, McKirnan DJ, Ostrow D, Zamboni BD, Robinson B, et al. Sexual sensation seeking, reduced concern about HIV and sexual risk behaviour among gay men in primary relationships. AIDS Care. 2003;15(4):513–24.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Chapman S, Stoker L, Ward M, Porritt D, Fahey P. Discriminant attitudes and beliefs about condoms in young, multipartner heterosexuals. Int J STD AIDS. 1990;1:1081–7. Chapman S, Stoker L, Ward M, Porritt D, Fahey P. Discriminant attitudes and beliefs about condoms in young, multipartner heterosexuals. Int J STD AIDS. 1990;1:1081–7.
52.
go back to reference Gerrard M, Gibbons FX, Benthin AC, Hessling RM. A longitudinal study of the reciprocal nature of risk behaviors and cognitions in adolescents: what you do shapes what you think, and vice versa. Health Psychol. 1996;15:344–54.CrossRefPubMed Gerrard M, Gibbons FX, Benthin AC, Hessling RM. A longitudinal study of the reciprocal nature of risk behaviors and cognitions in adolescents: what you do shapes what you think, and vice versa. Health Psychol. 1996;15:344–54.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Epperson MW, Platais I, Valera P, Barbieri R, Gilbert L, El-Bassel N. Fear, trust, and negotiating safety: HIV risks for black female defendants. Affilia. 2009;24(3):257–71.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Epperson MW, Platais I, Valera P, Barbieri R, Gilbert L, El-Bassel N. Fear, trust, and negotiating safety: HIV risks for black female defendants. Affilia. 2009;24(3):257–71.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
54.
go back to reference Dixon-Mueller R. The sexuality connection in reproductive health. Stud Fam Plann. 1993;24:269–82.CrossRefPubMed Dixon-Mueller R. The sexuality connection in reproductive health. Stud Fam Plann. 1993;24:269–82.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Bosga MB, de Wit JB, de Vroome EM, Houweling H, Schop W, Sandfort TG. Differences in perception of risk for HIV infection with steady and non-steady partners among homosexual men. AIDS Educ Prev. 1995;7:103–15.PubMed Bosga MB, de Wit JB, de Vroome EM, Houweling H, Schop W, Sandfort TG. Differences in perception of risk for HIV infection with steady and non-steady partners among homosexual men. AIDS Educ Prev. 1995;7:103–15.PubMed
56.
go back to reference Plitchta S, Weisman C, Nathanson C, Ensminger M, Robinson J. Partner-specific condom use among adolescent women clients of a family planning clinic. J Adolesc Health. 1992;13:506–13.CrossRef Plitchta S, Weisman C, Nathanson C, Ensminger M, Robinson J. Partner-specific condom use among adolescent women clients of a family planning clinic. J Adolesc Health. 1992;13:506–13.CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Poppen PJ, Reisen CA. Perception of risk and sexual self-protective behavior: a methodological critique. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997;9(4):373–90.PubMed Poppen PJ, Reisen CA. Perception of risk and sexual self-protective behavior: a methodological critique. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997;9(4):373–90.PubMed
58.
go back to reference Amaro H, Gornemann I. HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors amng Hispanics: report of findings and recommendations. Boston: Boston University of School of Public Health and Northeast Hispanic Consortium; 1992. Amaro H, Gornemann I. HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors amng Hispanics: report of findings and recommendations. Boston: Boston University of School of Public Health and Northeast Hispanic Consortium; 1992.
59.
go back to reference Pulerwitz J, Amaro H, Jong WD, Gortmaker SL, Rudd R. Relationship power, condom use and HIV risk among women in the USA. AIDS Care. 2002;14(6):789–800.CrossRefPubMed Pulerwitz J, Amaro H, Jong WD, Gortmaker SL, Rudd R. Relationship power, condom use and HIV risk among women in the USA. AIDS Care. 2002;14(6):789–800.CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Rhodes T, Stimson GV, Quirk A. Sex, drugs, intervention, and research: from the individual to the social. Subst Use Misuse. 1996;31(3):375–407.CrossRefPubMed Rhodes T, Stimson GV, Quirk A. Sex, drugs, intervention, and research: from the individual to the social. Subst Use Misuse. 1996;31(3):375–407.CrossRefPubMed
61.
go back to reference Abraham C, Sheeran P. Modelling and modifying young heterosexuals’ HIV-preventive behaviour; a review of theories, findings and educational implications. [Review] [111 refs]. Patient Educ Couns. 1994;23(3):173–86.CrossRefPubMed Abraham C, Sheeran P. Modelling and modifying young heterosexuals’ HIV-preventive behaviour; a review of theories, findings and educational implications. [Review] [111 refs]. Patient Educ Couns. 1994;23(3):173–86.CrossRefPubMed
62.
go back to reference Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Washington CD, Wilson TS. The effects of HIV/AIDS intervention groups for high-risk women in urban clinics. Am J Public Health. 1994;84(12):1918–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Washington CD, Wilson TS. The effects of HIV/AIDS intervention groups for high-risk women in urban clinics. Am J Public Health. 1994;84(12):1918–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
63.
go back to reference DiClemente RJ. Predictors of HIV preventive sexual behavior in a high-risk adolescent population: the influence of perceived peer norms and sexual communication on incarcerated adolescents’ consistent use of condoms. J Adolesc Health. 1991;12(5):385–90.CrossRefPubMed DiClemente RJ. Predictors of HIV preventive sexual behavior in a high-risk adolescent population: the influence of perceived peer norms and sexual communication on incarcerated adolescents’ consistent use of condoms. J Adolesc Health. 1991;12(5):385–90.CrossRefPubMed
64.
go back to reference Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Sikkema KJ, Somlai AM, Mulry GW, Fernandez MI, et al. Predictors of high and low levels of HIV risk behavior among adults with chronic mental illness. Psychiat Serv. 1995;46(8):813–8.CrossRef Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Sikkema KJ, Somlai AM, Mulry GW, Fernandez MI, et al. Predictors of high and low levels of HIV risk behavior among adults with chronic mental illness. Psychiat Serv. 1995;46(8):813–8.CrossRef
65.
go back to reference Baker SA, Morrison DM, Carter WB, Verdon MS. Using the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to understand the decision to use condoms in an STD clinic population. Health Educ Q. 1996;23(4):528–42.CrossRefPubMed Baker SA, Morrison DM, Carter WB, Verdon MS. Using the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to understand the decision to use condoms in an STD clinic population. Health Educ Q. 1996;23(4):528–42.CrossRefPubMed
66.
go back to reference White KM, Terry DJ, Hogg MA. Safer sex behavior: the role of attitudes, norms, and control factors. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1994;24(24):2164–92.CrossRef White KM, Terry DJ, Hogg MA. Safer sex behavior: the role of attitudes, norms, and control factors. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1994;24(24):2164–92.CrossRef
67.
go back to reference Doll L, Beeker C. Male bisexual behavior and HIV risk in the United States: synthesis of research with implications for behavioral interventions. AIDS Educ Prev. 1996;8(3):205–25.PubMed Doll L, Beeker C. Male bisexual behavior and HIV risk in the United States: synthesis of research with implications for behavioral interventions. AIDS Educ Prev. 1996;8(3):205–25.PubMed
68.
go back to reference Godin G, Savard J, Kok G, Fortin C, Boyer R. HIV seropositive gay men: understanding adoption of safe sexual practices. AIDS Educ Prev. 1996;8(6):529–45.PubMed Godin G, Savard J, Kok G, Fortin C, Boyer R. HIV seropositive gay men: understanding adoption of safe sexual practices. AIDS Educ Prev. 1996;8(6):529–45.PubMed
69.
go back to reference de Wit JBF, Teunis N, Van Griensven GJP. Sandfort TGM. Behavioral risk reduction strategies to prevent HIV infection among homosexual men. A grounded theory approach. AIDS Educ Prev. 1994;6(6):493–505.PubMed de Wit JBF, Teunis N, Van Griensven GJP. Sandfort TGM. Behavioral risk reduction strategies to prevent HIV infection among homosexual men. A grounded theory approach. AIDS Educ Prev. 1994;6(6):493–505.PubMed
70.
go back to reference Peterson JL, Coates TJ, Catania JA, Middleton L, Hilliard B, Hearst N. High-risk sexual behavior and condom use among gay and bisexual African–American men. Am J Public Health. 1992;82(11):1490–4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Peterson JL, Coates TJ, Catania JA, Middleton L, Hilliard B, Hearst N. High-risk sexual behavior and condom use among gay and bisexual African–American men. Am J Public Health. 1992;82(11):1490–4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
71.
go back to reference Fishbein M, Chan DK-S, O’Reilly K, Schnell D, Wood R, Beeker C, et al. Attitudinal and normative factors as determinants of gay men’s intentions to perform AIDS-related sexual behaviors: a multisite analysis. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1992;22(13):999–1011.CrossRef Fishbein M, Chan DK-S, O’Reilly K, Schnell D, Wood R, Beeker C, et al. Attitudinal and normative factors as determinants of gay men’s intentions to perform AIDS-related sexual behaviors: a multisite analysis. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1992;22(13):999–1011.CrossRef
72.
go back to reference Adib SM, Joseph JG, Ostrow DG, James SA. Predictors of relapse in sexual practices among homosexual men. AIDS Educ Prev. 1991;3(4):293–304.PubMed Adib SM, Joseph JG, Ostrow DG, James SA. Predictors of relapse in sexual practices among homosexual men. AIDS Educ Prev. 1991;3(4):293–304.PubMed
73.
go back to reference Kashima Y, Gallois C. The theory of reasoned action and problem-focused research. In: Terry DJ, Gallois C, McCamish M, editors. The theory of reasoned action: its application to aids-preventive behaviour. international series in experimental social psychology. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1993. p. 207–26. Kashima Y, Gallois C. The theory of reasoned action and problem-focused research. In: Terry DJ, Gallois C, McCamish M, editors. The theory of reasoned action: its application to aids-preventive behaviour. international series in experimental social psychology. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1993. p. 207–26.
74.
go back to reference Sacco WP, Rickman RL, Thompson K, Levine B, Reed DL. Gender differences in AIDS-relevant condom attitudes and condom use. AIDS Educ Prev. 1993;5(4):311–26.PubMed Sacco WP, Rickman RL, Thompson K, Levine B, Reed DL. Gender differences in AIDS-relevant condom attitudes and condom use. AIDS Educ Prev. 1993;5(4):311–26.PubMed
75.
go back to reference Regan PC, Berscheid E. Lust: what we know about human sexual desire. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 1999. Regan PC, Berscheid E. Lust: what we know about human sexual desire. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 1999.
76.
go back to reference Eiser JR, Ford N. Sexual relationships on holiday: a case of situational disinhibition? J Soc Pers Relat. 1995;12(3):323–39.CrossRef Eiser JR, Ford N. Sexual relationships on holiday: a case of situational disinhibition? J Soc Pers Relat. 1995;12(3):323–39.CrossRef
77.
go back to reference Raj A, Pollack RH. Factors predicting high-risk sexual behavior in heterosexual college females. J Sex Marital Ther. 2008;21(3):213–24.CrossRef Raj A, Pollack RH. Factors predicting high-risk sexual behavior in heterosexual college females. J Sex Marital Ther. 2008;21(3):213–24.CrossRef
78.
go back to reference Treffke H, Juggemann M, Ross MW. The relationship between attitude, assertiveness and condom use. Psychol Health. 1992;6:45–52.CrossRefPubMed Treffke H, Juggemann M, Ross MW. The relationship between attitude, assertiveness and condom use. Psychol Health. 1992;6:45–52.CrossRefPubMed
79.
go back to reference Fisher JD, Fisher WA. Theoretical approaches to individual-level change in HIV risk behavior. In: Peterson J, DiClemente R, editors. Handbook of HIV prevention. New York: Kluwer/Plenum; 2000. p. 3–56.CrossRef Fisher JD, Fisher WA. Theoretical approaches to individual-level change in HIV risk behavior. In: Peterson J, DiClemente R, editors. Handbook of HIV prevention. New York: Kluwer/Plenum; 2000. p. 3–56.CrossRef
81.
go back to reference McMahon JM, Tortu S, Torres L, Pouget ER, Hamid R. Recruitment of heterosexual couples in public health research: a study protocol. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2003;3(24):1–12. McMahon JM, Tortu S, Torres L, Pouget ER, Hamid R. Recruitment of heterosexual couples in public health research: a study protocol. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2003;3(24):1–12.
82.
go back to reference Bell DC, Trevino RA, Atkinson JS, Carlson JW. Motivations for condom use and nonuse. Clin Lab Sci. 2003;16(1):20–33.PubMed Bell DC, Trevino RA, Atkinson JS, Carlson JW. Motivations for condom use and nonuse. Clin Lab Sci. 2003;16(1):20–33.PubMed
83.
go back to reference Pulerwitz J, Gortmaker SL, DeJong W. Measuring sexual relationship power in HIV/STD research. Sex Roles. 2000;42(7/8):637-60.CrossRef Pulerwitz J, Gortmaker SL, DeJong W. Measuring sexual relationship power in HIV/STD research. Sex Roles. 2000;42(7/8):637-60.CrossRef
84.
go back to reference RAND Corporation. Survey of women in Los Angeles County. 2003. RAND Corporation. Survey of women in Los Angeles County. 2003.
85.
go back to reference Bell DC, Cox ML. Testing social norms and normative theories. Phoenix: International Association for Relationship Research; 2009. Bell DC, Cox ML. Testing social norms and normative theories. Phoenix: International Association for Relationship Research; 2009.
86.
go back to reference Petronio S. Boundaries of privacy: dialectics of disclosure. Albany: State University of New York Press; 2002. Petronio S. Boundaries of privacy: dialectics of disclosure. Albany: State University of New York Press; 2002.
Metadata
Title
Reasons People Give for Using (or Not Using) Condoms
Authors
Elizabeth M. Farrington
David C. Bell
Aron E. DiBacco
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 12/2016
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1352-7

Other articles of this Issue 12/2016

AIDS and Behavior 12/2016 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.