Top

Acta Neurologica Belgica

Published in:

12-08-2023 | Reading Disorder | Original article

The effects of rehabilitative interventions on reading disorders caused by homonymous visual field defects: a meta-analysis focusing on improvement in reading speed

Authors: Takaya Maeyama, Hiroki Okada, Shinya Sakai

Published in: Acta Neurologica Belgica | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Introduction

Reading disorders caused by homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs) have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life. However, no review has been conducted to evaluate the available evidence on the effects of rehabilitative interventions on reading disorders caused by HVFDs. Thus, the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of rehabilitative interventions on reading disorders caused by HVFDs.

Methods

We searched the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect databases for relevant articles. Relevant search terms were used to identify reports of randomized controlled trials or randomized crossover trials published between January 1990 and December 2021. Only studies that included reading-speed-related outcomes were analyzed. Risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, and standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Ι² statistic.

Results

Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that rehabilitative interventions significantly improved reading disorders caused by HVFDs (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI 0.08–0.51; P < 0.01; Ι² = 0.0%). Subgroup analysis showed that reading training significantly improved reading disorders (SMD = 0.35; 95% CI 0.05–0.66; P = 0.02; Ι² = 0.0%).

Conclusion

Reading disorders caused by HVFDs can be improved through rehabilitation. In addition, reading training for the improvement of eye movement and fixation to compensate for foveal and parafoveal visual field defects may improve reading speed.

Available only for authorised users

Machner B, Sprenger A, Sander T, Heide W, Kimmig H, Helmchen C, Kömpf D (2009) Visual search disorders in acute and chronic homonymous hemianopia: lesion effects and adaptive strategies. Ann NY Acad Sci 1164(1):419–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03769.xADSCrossRefPubMed

Zihl J (1995) Visual scanning behavior in patients with homonymous hemianopia. Neuropsychologia 33(3):287–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(94)00119-aCrossRefPubMed

Zihl J (1999) Oculomotor scanning performance in subjects with homonymous visual field disorders. Vis Impair Res 1(1):23–31. https://doi.org/10.1076/vimr.1.1.23.4450CrossRef

McGwin G Jr, Wood J, Huisingh C, Owsley C (2016) Motor vehicle collision involvement among persons with Hemianopia and Quadrantanopia. Geriatrics 1(3):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics1030019CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Papageorgiou E, Hardiess G, Ackermann H, Wiethoelter H, Dietz K, Mallot HA, Schiefer U (2012) Collision avoidance in persons with homonymous visual field defects under virtual reality conditions. Vision Res 52(1):20–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2011.10.019CrossRefPubMed

Gall C, Sabel BA (2012) Reading performance after vision rehabilitation of subjects with homonymous visual field defects. PM&R 4(12):928–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.08.020CrossRef

Kerkhoff G, Münßinger U, Eberle-strauss G, Stögerer E (1992) Rehabilitation of Hemianopic Alexia in patients with postgeniculate visual field disorders. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2(1):21–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602019208401393CrossRef

Rowe FJ, Wright D, Brand D, Jackson C, Harrison S, Maan T, Scott C, Vogwell L, Peel S, Akerman N, Dodridge C, Howard C, Shipman T, Sperring U, Macdiarmid S, Freeman C (2013) A prospective profile of visual field loss following stroke: Prevalence, type, rehabilitation, and outcome. Biomed Res Int 2013:719096. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/719096CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Trauzettel-Klosinski S, Brendler K (1998) Eye movements in reading with hemianopic field defects: the significance of clinical parameters. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 236(2):91–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004170050048CrossRefPubMed

10.

Zihl J (1995) Eye movement patterns in hemianopic dyslexia. Brain 118(4):891–912. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/118.4.891CrossRefPubMed

11.

Warren M (2009) Pilot study on activities of daily living limitations in adults with Hemianopsia. Am J Occup Ther 63(5):626–633. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.63.5.626CrossRefPubMed

12.

Papageorgiou E, Hardiess G, Schaeffel F, Wiethoelter H, Karnath HO, Mallot H, Schoenfisch B, Schiefer U (2007) Assessment of vision-related quality of life in patients with homonymous visual field defects. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 245(12):1749–1758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-007-0644-zCrossRefPubMed

13.

Bolognini N, Rasi F, Coccia M, Làdavas E (2005) Visual search improvement in hemianopic patients after audio-visual stimulation. Brain 128(12):2830–2842. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh656CrossRefPubMed

14.

Mannan SK, Pambakian AL, Kennard C (2010) Compensatory strategies following visual search training in patients with homonymous hemianopia: an eye movement study. J Neurol 257(11):1812–1821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5615-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

Nelles G, Esser J, Eckstein A, Tiede A, Gerhard H, Diener HC (2001) Compensatory visual field training for patients with hemianopia after stroke. Neurosci Lett 306(3):189–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01907-3CrossRefPubMed

16.

Schuett S, Zihl J (2013) Does age matter? Age and rehabilitation of visual field disorders after brain injury. Cortex 49(4):1001–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.04.008CrossRefPubMed

17.

Alber R, Moser H, Gall C, Sabel BA (2017) Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and vision restoration training in subacute stroke rehabilitation: a pilot study. PM R 9(8):787–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.12.003CrossRefPubMed

18.

Kasten E, Wüst S, Behrens-Baumann W, Sabel BA (1998) Computer-based training for the treatment of partial blindness. Nat Med 4(9):1083–1087. https://doi.org/10.1038/2079CrossRefPubMed

19.

Kasten E, Poggel DA, Müller-Oehring E, Gothe J, Schulte T, Sabel BA (1999) Restoration of vision II: residual functions and training-induced visual field enlargement in brain-damaged patients. Restor Neurol Neurosci 15(2):273–287PubMed

20.

Olma MC, Dargie RA, Behrens JR, Kraft A, Irlbacher K, Fahle M, Brandt SA (2013) Long-term effects of serial anodal tDCS on motion perception in subjects with occipital stroke measured in the unaffected visual hemifield. Front Hum Neurosci 7:314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00314CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Moss AM, Harrison AR, Lee MS (2014) Patients with homonymous hemianopia become visually qualified to drive using novel monocular sector prisms. J Neuroophthalmol 34(1):53–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNO.0000000000000060CrossRefPubMed

22.

Nogaj S, Dubas K, Michalski A (2021) Efficacy of visual process improvement in patients with homonymous hemianopia. OphthaTherapy 8(1):26–30. https://doi.org/10.24292/01.OT.300321.4CrossRef

23.

Palomar-Mascaró FJ (2018) Rehabilitation of left homonymous hemianopia with adjacent palomar prism technique and visual therapy on line. J Intellect Disabil Diagn Treat 6(2):31–35. https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2018.06.02.1CrossRef

24.

Schuett S (2009) The rehabilitation of hemianopic dyslexia. Nat Rev Neurol 5(8):427–437. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2009.97CrossRefPubMed

25.

Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Elkins M (2003) Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther 83(8):713–721. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.713CrossRefPubMed

26.

Cashin AG, McAuley JH (2020) Clinimetrics: physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. J Physiother 66(1):59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2019.08.005CrossRefPubMed

27.

Trauzettel-Klosinski S, Brendler K (1998) Eye movements in reading with hemianopic field defects: the significance of clinical parameters. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 236(2):91–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004170050048CrossRef

28.

Kasten E, Bunzenthal U, Sabel BA (2006) Visual field recovery after vision restoration therapy (VRT) is independent of eye movements: an eye tracker study. Behav Brain Res 175(1):18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2006.07.024CrossRefPubMed

29.

Burton R, Smith ND, Crabb DP (2014) Eye movements and reading in glaucoma: observations on patients with advanced visual field loss. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 252(10):1621–1630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-014-2752-xCrossRefPubMed

30.

Yu D, Cheung SH, Legge GE, Chung ST (2007) Effect of letter spacing on visual span and reading speed. J Vis 7(2):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1167/7.2.2CrossRef

31.

Luo D, Wan X, Liu J, Tong T (2016) Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and/or mid-quartile range. Stat Methods Med Res 27(6):1785–1805. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280216669183MathSciNetCrossRefPubMed

32.

Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T (2014) Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol 14:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-135CrossRef

33.

Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C (2008) Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 297(8):842. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.8.842CrossRef

34.

Martins D, Paduraru M, Paloyelis Y (2022) Heterogeneity in response to repeated intranasal oxytocin in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis of variance. Br J Pharmacol 179(8):1525–1543. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15451CrossRefPubMed

35.

Nelson HD, Vesco KK, Haney E, Fu R, Nedrow A, Miller J, Nicolaidis C, Walker M, Humphrey L (2006) Nonhormonal therapies for menopausal hot flashes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 295(17):2057. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.17.2057CrossRefPubMed

36.

Higgins JPT, Green S, Cochrane Collaboration (2011) Table 7.7. a: Formulae for combining groups. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version, 5(0). https://handbook-5-1.cochrane.org/chapter_7/table_7_7_a_formulae_for_combining_groups.htm

37.

Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327(7414):557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Kanda Y (2012) Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software “EZR” for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant 48(3):452–458. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2012.244CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Spitzyna GA, Wise RJ, McDonald SA, Plant GT, Kidd D, Crewes H, Leff AP (2007) Optokinetic therapy improves text reading in patients with hemianopic alexia: a controlled trial. Neurology 68(22):1922–1930. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000264002.30134.2aCrossRefPubMed

40.

Crotty M, van den Berg M, Hayes A, Chen C, Lange K, George S (2018) Hemianopia after stroke: a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of a standardised versus an individualized rehabilitation program, on scanning ability whilst walking1. NeuroRehabilitation 43(2):201–209. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-172377CrossRefPubMed

41.

Keller I, Lefin-Rank G (2010) Improvement of visual search after audiovisual exploration training in hemianopic patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 24(7):666–673. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968310372774CrossRefPubMed

42.

Aimola L, Lane AR, Smith DT, Kerkhoff G, Ford GA, Schenk T (2014) Efficacy and feasibility of home-based training for individuals with homonymous visual field defects. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 28(3):207–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968313503219CrossRefPubMed

43.

Schuett S, Heywood CA, Kentridge RW, Zihl J (2008) Rehabilitation of hemianopic dyslexia: are words necessary for re-learning oculomotor control? Brain 131(12):3156–3168. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn285CrossRefPubMed

44.

Schuett S, Heywood CA, Kentridge RW, Dauner R, Zihl J (2012) Rehabilitation of reading and visual exploration in visual field disorders: transfer or specificity? Brain 135(3):912–921. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr356CrossRefPubMed

45.

Zihl J, Kentridge RW, Pargent F, Heywood CA (2021) Aging and the rehabilitation of homonymous hemianopia: The efficacy of compensatory eye-movement training techniques and a five-year follow up. Aging Brain 1:100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbas.2021.100012CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

46.

Kuester-Gruber S, Kabisch P, Cordey A, Karnath HO, Trauzettel-Klosinski S (2021) Training of vertical versus horizontal reading in patients with hemianopia - a randomized and controlled study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 259(3):745–757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04952-wCrossRefPubMed

47.

de Haan GA, Melis-Dankers BJ, Brouwer WH, Tucha O, Heutink J (2015) The effects of compensatory scanning training on mobility in patients with homonymous visual field defects: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134459CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Roth T, Sokolov AN, Messias A, Roth P, Weller M, Trauzettel-Klosinski S (2009) Comparing explorative saccade and flicker training in hemianopia: a randomized controlled study. Neurology 72(4):324–331. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000341276.65721.f2CrossRefPubMed

49.

Elshout JA, van Asten F, Hoyng CB, Bergsma DP, van den Berg AV (2016) Visual rehabilitation in chronic cerebral blindness: a randomized controlled crossover study. Front Neurol 7:92. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2016.00092CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

50.

Mödden C, Behrens M, Damke I, Eilers N, Kastrup A, Hildebrandt H (2012) A randomized controlled trial comparing 2 interventions for visual field loss with standard occupational therapy during inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 26(5):463–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968311425927CrossRefPubMed

51.

Plow EB, Obretenova SN, Jackson ML, Merabet LB (2012) Temporal profile of functional visual rehabilitative outcomes modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuromodulation 15(4):367–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1403.2012.00440.xCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Räty S, Borrmann C, Granata G, Cárdenas-Morales L, Schoenfeld A, Sailer M, Silvennoinen K, Holopainen J, De Rossi F, Antal A, Rossini PM, Tatlisumak T, Sabel BA (2021) Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation for vision restoration after stroke: an exploratory randomized trial (REVIS). Restor Neurol Neurosci 39(3):221–235. https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211198CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

53.

Rowe FJ, Conroy EJ, Bedson E, Cwiklinski E, Drummond A, García-Fiñana M, Howard C, Pollock A, Shipman T, Dodridge C, MacIntosh C, Johnson S, Noonan C, Barton G, Sackley C (2017) A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing effectiveness of prism glasses, visual search training and standard care in hemianopia. Acta Neurol Scand 136(4):310–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/ane.12725CrossRefPubMed

54.

Choi W, Desai RH, Henderson JM (2014) The neural substrates of natural reading: a comparison of normal and nonword text using eyetracking and fMRI. Front Hum Neurosci 8:1024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.01024CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

55.

Kerkhoff G, Münßinger U, Haaf E, Eberle-Strauss G, Stögerer E (1992) Rehabilitation of homonymous scotomata in patients with postgeniculate damage of the visual system: saccadic compensation training. Restor Neurol Neurosci 4(4):245–254. https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-1992-4402CrossRefPubMed

56.

Lane AR, Smith DT, Ellison A, Schenk T (2010) Visual exploration training is no better than attention training for treating hemianopia. Brain 133(6):1717–1728. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq088CrossRefPubMed

57.

Pambakian AL, Mannan SK, Hodgson TL, Kennard C (2004) Saccadic visual search training: a treatment for patients with homonymous hemianopia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75(10):1443–1448. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2003.025957CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

58.

McConkie GW, Rayner K (1975) The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading. Percept psychophys 17(6):578–586. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03203972CrossRef

59.

Higgins JPT, Green S (2011) 12.6. 2 re-expressing SMDs using rules of thumb for effect sizes. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. https://handbook-5-1.cochrane.org/chapter_12/12_6_2_re_expressing_smds_using_rules_of_thumb_for_effect_sizes.htm

Title: The effects of rehabilitative interventions on reading disorders caused by homonymous visual field defects: a meta-analysis focusing on improvement in reading speed
Authors: Takaya Maeyama
Hiroki Okada
Shinya Sakai
Publication date: 12-08-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keyword: Reading Disorder
Published in: Acta Neurologica Belgica / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 0300-9009
Electronic ISSN: 2240-2993
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-023-02327-6

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

The effects of rehabilitative interventions on reading disorders caused by homonymous visual field defects: a meta-analysis focusing on improvement in reading speed

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

Avicenna or pseudo-Avicenna?

Substance use disorder in young adults with stroke: clinical characteristics and outcome

Rapidly progressive dementia with focal symptoms: when to suspect Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease?

Half-dose ocrelizumab in selected patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Novel biallelic frameshift in TRPM7 gene causes Hallermann–Streiff syndrome in a consanguineous family: a case report

Hereditary polyneuropathy with conduction block associated with SORD mutation in three siblings