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Molecular Cancer
Published in: Molecular Cancer 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Review

Pyruvate kinase M2 fuels multiple aspects of cancer cells: from cellular metabolism, transcriptional regulation to extracellular signaling

Authors: Ming-Chuan Hsu, Wen-Chun Hung

Published in: Molecular Cancer | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Originally identified as a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP in the glycolytic pathway, pyruvate kinase M2-type (PKM2) has been shown to exhibit novel biological activities in the nucleus and outside the cells. Although cell-based studies reveal new non-canonical functions of PKM2 in gene transcription, epigenetic modulation and cell cycle progression, the importance of these non-canonical functions in PKM2-mediated tumorigenesis is still under debate because studies in genetically modified mice do not consistently echo the findings observed in cultured cancer cells. In addition to regulation of gene expression, the existence of PKM2 in exosomes opens a new venue to study the potential role of this glycolytic enzyme in cell-cell communication and extracellular signal initiation. In this review, we briefly summarize current understanding of PKM2 in metabolic switch and gene regulation. We will then emphasize recent progress of PKM2 in extracellular signaling and tumor microenvironment reprogramming. Finally, the discrepancy of some PKM2’s functions in vitro and in vivo, and the application of PKM2 in cancer detection and treatment will be discussed.
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Metadata
Title
Pyruvate kinase M2 fuels multiple aspects of cancer cells: from cellular metabolism, transcriptional regulation to extracellular signaling
Authors
Ming-Chuan Hsu
Wen-Chun Hung
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Molecular Cancer / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1476-4598
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-018-0791-3

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