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BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Public Health | Research article

Pit latrine fill-up rates: variation determinants and public health implications in informal settlements, Nakuru-Kenya

Authors: Fredrick Owino Gudda, Wilkister Nyaora Moturi, Omondi Steve Oduor, Edward Wanee Muchiri, Jeroen Ensink

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

Pit latrine operational management and sludge accumulation rate, presents a challenging sanitation problem in low-income urban settlements. However, these challenges have been under-researched. This study was carried out between December 2014 and September 2015 in Nakuru, Kenya. Its objectives were to determine pit latrine management activities and content accumulation rates.

Methods

A longitudinal design was used to study 100 households and their respective pit latrines. Sludge accumulation in 73 pit latrines was monitored for 10 months using a digital laser range-finder. Data analysis included normality testing and descriptive statistics. Differences in fill up across and within the study areas were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and the Fisher’s Exact Test used to determine areas with significant differences.

Results

Sixty-one percent of the pit latrines were used as solid waste disposal points while 45% of the respondents had no hygiene awareness. The annual fill-up rate and individual sludge contribution were 0.87 ± 0.20 m3 and 41.82 l respectively. The sludge accumulation rates across the study areas had statistically significant mean differences (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Operational management and design affect the fill-up rates and post fill-up management operations. This study argues for a need to link information and awareness to users, construction artisans, property owners and local authorities on appropriate vault volumes and management practices. Linking the variables would ensure efficient sanitation service delivery and public health protection.
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Metadata
Title
Pit latrine fill-up rates: variation determinants and public health implications in informal settlements, Nakuru-Kenya
Authors
Fredrick Owino Gudda
Wilkister Nyaora Moturi
Omondi Steve Oduor
Edward Wanee Muchiri
Jeroen Ensink
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Public Health
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6403-3

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