Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Neurology 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Case report

Progression of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia to apraxia and semantic memory deficits

Authors: Michitaka Funayama, Yoshitaka Nakagawa, Yoko Yamaya, Fumihiro Yoshino, Masaru Mimura, Motoichiro Kato

Published in: BMC Neurology | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Due to the nature of neurodegenerative disorders, patients with primary progressive aphasia develop cognitive impairment other than aphasia as the disorder progresses. The progression of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA), however, has not been well described. In particular, praxic disorders and semantic memory deficits have rarely been reported.

Case presentations

We report three patients in the initial stage of lvPPA who subsequently developed apraxia in the middle stage and developed clinically evident semantic memory deficits in the advanced stages.

Conclusions

The present case series suggests that some patients with lvPPA develop an atypical type of dementia with apraxia and semantic memory deficits, suggesting that these cases should be classified as a type of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, Kertesz A, Mendez M, Cappa SF, Ogar JM, Rohrer JD, Black S, Boeve BF, Manes F, Dronkers NF, Vandenberghe R, Rascovsky K, Patterson K, Miller BL, Knopman DS, Hodges JR, Mesulam MM, Grossman M: Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants. Neurology. 2011, 76: 1006-1014. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821103e6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, Kertesz A, Mendez M, Cappa SF, Ogar JM, Rohrer JD, Black S, Boeve BF, Manes F, Dronkers NF, Vandenberghe R, Rascovsky K, Patterson K, Miller BL, Knopman DS, Hodges JR, Mesulam MM, Grossman M: Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants. Neurology. 2011, 76: 1006-1014. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821103e6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
go back to reference Neary D, Snowden JS, Gustafson L, Passant U, Stuss D, Black S, Freedman M, Kertesz A, Robert PH, Albert M, Boone K, Miller BL, Cummings J, Benson DF: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology. 1998, 51: 1546-1554. 10.1212/WNL.51.6.1546.CrossRefPubMed Neary D, Snowden JS, Gustafson L, Passant U, Stuss D, Black S, Freedman M, Kertesz A, Robert PH, Albert M, Boone K, Miller BL, Cummings J, Benson DF: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology. 1998, 51: 1546-1554. 10.1212/WNL.51.6.1546.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Gorono-Tempini ML, Brambati SM, Ginex V, Ogar J, Dronkers NF, Marcone A, Perani D, Garibotto V, Cappa SF, Miller BL: The logopenic/phonological variant of primary progressive aphasia. Neurology. 2008, 71: 1227-1234. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000320506.79811.da.CrossRef Gorono-Tempini ML, Brambati SM, Ginex V, Ogar J, Dronkers NF, Marcone A, Perani D, Garibotto V, Cappa SF, Miller BL: The logopenic/phonological variant of primary progressive aphasia. Neurology. 2008, 71: 1227-1234. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000320506.79811.da.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Caffarra P, Gardini S, Cappa S, Dieci F, Concari L, Barocoo F, Ghetti C, Ruffini L, Prati GD: Degenerative jargon aphasia: unusual progression of logopenic/phonological progressive aphasia?. Behav Neurol. 2013, 26: 89-93.CrossRefPubMed Caffarra P, Gardini S, Cappa S, Dieci F, Concari L, Barocoo F, Ghetti C, Ruffini L, Prati GD: Degenerative jargon aphasia: unusual progression of logopenic/phonological progressive aphasia?. Behav Neurol. 2013, 26: 89-93.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Rogalski E, Cobia D, Harrison TM, Wieneke C, Weintraub S, Mesulam M: Progression of language decline and cortical atrophy in subtypes of primary progressive aphasia. Neurology. 2011, 76: 1804-1810. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821ccd3c.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rogalski E, Cobia D, Harrison TM, Wieneke C, Weintraub S, Mesulam M: Progression of language decline and cortical atrophy in subtypes of primary progressive aphasia. Neurology. 2011, 76: 1804-1810. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821ccd3c.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Matsuda H, Mizumura S, Nagao T, Ota T, Iizuka T, Nemoto K, Kimura M, Tateno A, Ishiwata A, Kuji I, Arai H, Homma A: An easy-Z score imaging system for discrimination between very early Alzheimer’s disease and controls using brain perfusion SPECT in a multicentre study. Nucl Med Commun. 2007, 28: 199-205. 10.1097/MNM.0b013e328013eb8b.CrossRefPubMed Matsuda H, Mizumura S, Nagao T, Ota T, Iizuka T, Nemoto K, Kimura M, Tateno A, Ishiwata A, Kuji I, Arai H, Homma A: An easy-Z score imaging system for discrimination between very early Alzheimer’s disease and controls using brain perfusion SPECT in a multicentre study. Nucl Med Commun. 2007, 28: 199-205. 10.1097/MNM.0b013e328013eb8b.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Hasegawa T, Kishi H, Shigeno K, Tanemura J, Kusunoki T: Three-dimensional structure in language tests of aphasia. Folia Phoniatr (Basel). 1985, 37: 246-258. 10.1159/000265805.CrossRef Hasegawa T, Kishi H, Shigeno K, Tanemura J, Kusunoki T: Three-dimensional structure in language tests of aphasia. Folia Phoniatr (Basel). 1985, 37: 246-258. 10.1159/000265805.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Sugishita M, Hemmi I, JADNI: Validity and reliability of Mini Mental State Examination-Japanese (MMSE-J): a preliminary report. Japanese J Cogn Neurosci. 2010, 12: 186-190. Sugishita M, Hemmi I, JADNI: Validity and reliability of Mini Mental State Examination-Japanese (MMSE-J): a preliminary report. Japanese J Cogn Neurosci. 2010, 12: 186-190.
9.
go back to reference Takahashi T: The revised visual retention test (Benton visual retention test, Japanese Version). 1965, Sankyobo Kyoto: Sankyobo Takahashi T: The revised visual retention test (Benton visual retention test, Japanese Version). 1965, Sankyobo Kyoto: Sankyobo
10.
go back to reference Kugo A, Terada S, Ata T, Ido Y, Kado Y, Ishihara T, Hikiji M, Fujisawa Y, Sasaki K, Kuroda S: Japanese version of the frontal assessment battery for dementia. Psychiatry Res. 2007, 153: 69-75. 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.04.004.CrossRefPubMed Kugo A, Terada S, Ata T, Ido Y, Kado Y, Ishihara T, Hikiji M, Fujisawa Y, Sasaki K, Kuroda S: Japanese version of the frontal assessment battery for dementia. Psychiatry Res. 2007, 153: 69-75. 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.04.004.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Shidahara M, Inoue K, Maruyama M, Watabe H, Taki Y, Goto R, Okada K, Kinomura S, Osawa S, Onishi Y, Ito H, Arai H, Fukuda H: Predicting human performance by channelized Hotelling observer in discriminating between Alzheimer’s dementia and controls using statistically processed brain perfusion SPECT. Ann Nucl Med. 2006, 20: 605-613. 10.1007/BF02984658.CrossRefPubMed Shidahara M, Inoue K, Maruyama M, Watabe H, Taki Y, Goto R, Okada K, Kinomura S, Osawa S, Onishi Y, Ito H, Arai H, Fukuda H: Predicting human performance by channelized Hotelling observer in discriminating between Alzheimer’s dementia and controls using statistically processed brain perfusion SPECT. Ann Nucl Med. 2006, 20: 605-613. 10.1007/BF02984658.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Nagaratnam N, Irving J, Kalouch H: Misidentification in patients with dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2003, 37: 195-202. 10.1016/S0167-4943(03)00045-1.CrossRefPubMed Nagaratnam N, Irving J, Kalouch H: Misidentification in patients with dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2003, 37: 195-202. 10.1016/S0167-4943(03)00045-1.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Hughes CP, Berg L, Danziger WL, Coben LA, Martin RL: A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br J Psychiatry. 1982, 140: 566-572. 10.1192/bjp.140.6.566.CrossRefPubMed Hughes CP, Berg L, Danziger WL, Coben LA, Martin RL: A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br J Psychiatry. 1982, 140: 566-572. 10.1192/bjp.140.6.566.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Leiguarda RC, Merello M, Nouzeilles MI, Balej J, Rivero A, Nogues M: Limb-kinetic apraxia in corticobasal degeneration: clinical and kinematic features. Mov Disorder. 2003, 18: 49-59. 10.1002/mds.10303.CrossRef Leiguarda RC, Merello M, Nouzeilles MI, Balej J, Rivero A, Nogues M: Limb-kinetic apraxia in corticobasal degeneration: clinical and kinematic features. Mov Disorder. 2003, 18: 49-59. 10.1002/mds.10303.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Zadikoff C, Lang AE: Apraxia in movement disorders. Brain. 2005, 128: 1480-1497. 10.1093/brain/awh560.CrossRefPubMed Zadikoff C, Lang AE: Apraxia in movement disorders. Brain. 2005, 128: 1480-1497. 10.1093/brain/awh560.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Della Sala S, Lucchelli F, Spinnler H: Ideomotor apraxia in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. J Neurol. 1987, 234: 91-93. 10.1007/BF00314108.CrossRefPubMed Della Sala S, Lucchelli F, Spinnler H: Ideomotor apraxia in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. J Neurol. 1987, 234: 91-93. 10.1007/BF00314108.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Ceccaldi M, Poncet M, Gambarelli D, Guinot H, Billé J: Progressive severity of left unilateral apraxia in 2 cases of Alzheimer disease. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1995, 151: 240-246. Ceccaldi M, Poncet M, Gambarelli D, Guinot H, Billé J: Progressive severity of left unilateral apraxia in 2 cases of Alzheimer disease. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1995, 151: 240-246.
18.
go back to reference Giannakopoulos P, Duc M, Gold G, Hof PR, Michel JP, Bouras C: Pathologic correlates of apraxia in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 1998, 55: 689-695. 10.1001/archneur.55.5.689.CrossRefPubMed Giannakopoulos P, Duc M, Gold G, Hof PR, Michel JP, Bouras C: Pathologic correlates of apraxia in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 1998, 55: 689-695. 10.1001/archneur.55.5.689.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Foundas AL, Macauley BL, Raymer AM, Maher LM, Rothi LJ, Heilman KM: Ideomotor apraxia in Alzheimer disease and left hemisphere stroke: limb transitive and intransitive movements. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 1999, 12: 161-166.PubMed Foundas AL, Macauley BL, Raymer AM, Maher LM, Rothi LJ, Heilman KM: Ideomotor apraxia in Alzheimer disease and left hemisphere stroke: limb transitive and intransitive movements. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 1999, 12: 161-166.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Kato M, Meguro K, Sato M, Shimada Y, Yamazaki H, Saito H, Yamaguchi H, Yamadori A: Ideomotor apraxia in patients with Alzheimer disease: why do they use their body parts as objects?. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2001, 14: 45-52.PubMed Kato M, Meguro K, Sato M, Shimada Y, Yamazaki H, Saito H, Yamaguchi H, Yamadori A: Ideomotor apraxia in patients with Alzheimer disease: why do they use their body parts as objects?. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2001, 14: 45-52.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Ochipa C, Rothi LJ, Heilman KM: Conceptual apraxia in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain. 1992, 115: 1061-1071. 10.1093/brain/115.4.1061.CrossRefPubMed Ochipa C, Rothi LJ, Heilman KM: Conceptual apraxia in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain. 1992, 115: 1061-1071. 10.1093/brain/115.4.1061.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Schwartz RL, Adair JC, Raymer AM, Williamson DJ, Crosson B, Rothi LJ, Nadeau SE, Heilman KM: Conceptual apraxia in probable Alzheimer’s disease as demonstrated by the Florida action recall test. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2000, 6: 265-270. 10.1017/S1355617700633015.CrossRefPubMed Schwartz RL, Adair JC, Raymer AM, Williamson DJ, Crosson B, Rothi LJ, Nadeau SE, Heilman KM: Conceptual apraxia in probable Alzheimer’s disease as demonstrated by the Florida action recall test. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2000, 6: 265-270. 10.1017/S1355617700633015.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Dumont C, Ska B, Joanette Y: Conceptual apraxia and semantic memory deficit in Alzheimer’s disease; two sides of the same coin?. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2000, 6: 693-703. 10.1017/S1355617700666079.CrossRefPubMed Dumont C, Ska B, Joanette Y: Conceptual apraxia and semantic memory deficit in Alzheimer’s disease; two sides of the same coin?. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2000, 6: 693-703. 10.1017/S1355617700666079.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Falchook AD, Mosquera DM, Finney GR, Williamson JB, Heilman K: The relationship between semantic knowledge and conceptual apraxia in Alzheimer disease. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2012, 25: 167-174. 10.1097/WNN.0b013e318274ff6a.PubMed Falchook AD, Mosquera DM, Finney GR, Williamson JB, Heilman K: The relationship between semantic knowledge and conceptual apraxia in Alzheimer disease. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2012, 25: 167-174. 10.1097/WNN.0b013e318274ff6a.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Fukui T, Sugita K, Kawamura M, Shiota J, Nakano I: Primary progressive apraxia in Pick’s disease: a clinicopathologic study. Neurology. 1996, 47: 467-473. 10.1212/WNL.47.2.467.CrossRefPubMed Fukui T, Sugita K, Kawamura M, Shiota J, Nakano I: Primary progressive apraxia in Pick’s disease: a clinicopathologic study. Neurology. 1996, 47: 467-473. 10.1212/WNL.47.2.467.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Schumann G, Halsband U, Kassubek J, Gustin S, Heinks T, Juengling FD, Hüll M: Combined semantic dementia and apraxia in a patient with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Psychiatry Res. 2000, 100: 21-29. 10.1016/S0925-4927(00)00065-2.CrossRefPubMed Schumann G, Halsband U, Kassubek J, Gustin S, Heinks T, Juengling FD, Hüll M: Combined semantic dementia and apraxia in a patient with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Psychiatry Res. 2000, 100: 21-29. 10.1016/S0925-4927(00)00065-2.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Giffard B, Desgranges B, Nore-Mary F, Lalevée C, de la Sayette V, Pasquier F, Eustache F: The nature of semantic memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. New insights from hyperpriming effects. Brain. 2001, 124: 1522-1532. 10.1093/brain/124.8.1522.CrossRefPubMed Giffard B, Desgranges B, Nore-Mary F, Lalevée C, de la Sayette V, Pasquier F, Eustache F: The nature of semantic memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. New insights from hyperpriming effects. Brain. 2001, 124: 1522-1532. 10.1093/brain/124.8.1522.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Giffard B, Desgranges B, Eustache F: Semantic memory disorders in Alzheimer’s disease: clues from semantic priming effects. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2005, 2: 425-434. 10.2174/156720505774330582.CrossRefPubMed Giffard B, Desgranges B, Eustache F: Semantic memory disorders in Alzheimer’s disease: clues from semantic priming effects. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2005, 2: 425-434. 10.2174/156720505774330582.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Duarte LR, Syssau A, Jiménez M, Launay M, Terrier P: Deficit of access or storage: semantic memory processing in Alzheimer disease. Can J Aging. 2007, 26: 227-239. 10.3138/cja.26.3.227.CrossRefPubMed Duarte LR, Syssau A, Jiménez M, Launay M, Terrier P: Deficit of access or storage: semantic memory processing in Alzheimer disease. Can J Aging. 2007, 26: 227-239. 10.3138/cja.26.3.227.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Rogers SL, Friedman RB: The underlying mechanisms of semantic memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease and semantic dementia. Neuropsychologia. 2008, 46: 12-21. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.08.010.CrossRefPubMed Rogers SL, Friedman RB: The underlying mechanisms of semantic memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease and semantic dementia. Neuropsychologia. 2008, 46: 12-21. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.08.010.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Leyhe T, Saur R, Eschweiler GW, Milian M: Clock test deficits are associated with semantic memory impairment in Alzheimer disease. J Geriatri Psychiatry Neurol. 2009, 22: 235-245. 10.1177/0891988709335798.CrossRef Leyhe T, Saur R, Eschweiler GW, Milian M: Clock test deficits are associated with semantic memory impairment in Alzheimer disease. J Geriatri Psychiatry Neurol. 2009, 22: 235-245. 10.1177/0891988709335798.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Liepmann H: Uber Stroungen des Handelns bei Gehirnkranken. 1905, Berlin: Karger Liepmann H: Uber Stroungen des Handelns bei Gehirnkranken. 1905, Berlin: Karger
33.
go back to reference Buxbaum LJ, Giovannetti T, Libon D: The role of the dynamic body schema in praxis: evidence from primary progressive apraxia. Brain Cogn. 2000, 44: 166-191. 10.1006/brcg.2000.1227.CrossRefPubMed Buxbaum LJ, Giovannetti T, Libon D: The role of the dynamic body schema in praxis: evidence from primary progressive apraxia. Brain Cogn. 2000, 44: 166-191. 10.1006/brcg.2000.1227.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Lambon Ralph MA, Ehsan S, Baker GA, Rogers TT: Semantic memory is impaired in patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain. 2012, 135: 242-248. 10.1093/brain/awr325.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lambon Ralph MA, Ehsan S, Baker GA, Rogers TT: Semantic memory is impaired in patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain. 2012, 135: 242-248. 10.1093/brain/awr325.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
go back to reference Visser M, Embleton KV, Jefferies E, Parker GJ, Ralph MA: The inferior, anterior temporal lobes and semantic memory clarified: novel evidence from distortion-corrected fMRI. Neuropsychologia. 2010, 48: 1689-1696. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.016.CrossRefPubMed Visser M, Embleton KV, Jefferies E, Parker GJ, Ralph MA: The inferior, anterior temporal lobes and semantic memory clarified: novel evidence from distortion-corrected fMRI. Neuropsychologia. 2010, 48: 1689-1696. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.016.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Visser M, Jefferies E, Embleton KV, Lambon Ralph MA: Both the middle temporal gyrus and the ventral anterior temporal area are crucial for multimodal semantic processing: distortion-corrected fMRI evidence for a double gradient of information convergence in the temporal lobes. J Cogn Neurosci. 2012, 24: 1766-1778. 10.1162/jocn_a_00244.CrossRefPubMed Visser M, Jefferies E, Embleton KV, Lambon Ralph MA: Both the middle temporal gyrus and the ventral anterior temporal area are crucial for multimodal semantic processing: distortion-corrected fMRI evidence for a double gradient of information convergence in the temporal lobes. J Cogn Neurosci. 2012, 24: 1766-1778. 10.1162/jocn_a_00244.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Lambon Ralph MA, Lowe C, Rogers TT: Neural basis of category-specific semantic deficits for living things: evidence from semantic dementia, HSVE and a neural network model. Brain. 2007, 130: 1127-1137.CrossRefPubMed Lambon Ralph MA, Lowe C, Rogers TT: Neural basis of category-specific semantic deficits for living things: evidence from semantic dementia, HSVE and a neural network model. Brain. 2007, 130: 1127-1137.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Gainotti G: What the locus of brain lesion tells us about the nature of the cognitive defect underlying category-specific disorders: a review. Cortex. 2000, 36: 539-559. 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70537-9.CrossRefPubMed Gainotti G: What the locus of brain lesion tells us about the nature of the cognitive defect underlying category-specific disorders: a review. Cortex. 2000, 36: 539-559. 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70537-9.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Damasio H, Grabowski TJ, Tranel D, Hichwa RD, Damasio AR: A neural basis for lexical retrieval. Nature. 1996, 380: 499-505. 10.1038/380499a0.CrossRefPubMed Damasio H, Grabowski TJ, Tranel D, Hichwa RD, Damasio AR: A neural basis for lexical retrieval. Nature. 1996, 380: 499-505. 10.1038/380499a0.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Beauchamp MS, Martin A: Grounding object concepts in perception and action: evidence from fMRI studies of tools. Cortex. 2007, 43: 461-468. 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70470-2.CrossRefPubMed Beauchamp MS, Martin A: Grounding object concepts in perception and action: evidence from fMRI studies of tools. Cortex. 2007, 43: 461-468. 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70470-2.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Fukuyama H, Harada K, Yamauchi H, Miyoshi T, Yamaguchi S, Kimura J, Kameyama M, Senda M, Yonekura Y, Konishi J: Coronal reconstruction images of glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci. 1991, 106: 128-134. 10.1016/0022-510X(91)90249-7.CrossRefPubMed Fukuyama H, Harada K, Yamauchi H, Miyoshi T, Yamaguchi S, Kimura J, Kameyama M, Senda M, Yonekura Y, Konishi J: Coronal reconstruction images of glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci. 1991, 106: 128-134. 10.1016/0022-510X(91)90249-7.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Rabinovici GD, Seeley WW, Kim EJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Rascovsky K, Pagliaro TA, Allison SC, Halabi C, Kramer JH, Johnson JK, Weiner MW, Forman MS, Trojanowski JQ, Dearmond SJ, Miller BL, Rosen HJ: Distinct MRI atrophy patterns in autopsy-proven Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2007, 22: 474-488.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rabinovici GD, Seeley WW, Kim EJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Rascovsky K, Pagliaro TA, Allison SC, Halabi C, Kramer JH, Johnson JK, Weiner MW, Forman MS, Trojanowski JQ, Dearmond SJ, Miller BL, Rosen HJ: Distinct MRI atrophy patterns in autopsy-proven Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2007, 22: 474-488.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
go back to reference Buckner RL, Sepulcre J, Talukdar T, Krienen FM, Liu H, Hedden T, Andrews-Hanna JR, Sperling RA, Johnson KA: Cortical hubs revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity: mapping, assessment of stability, and relation to Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci. 2009, 29: 1860-1873. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5062-08.2009.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Buckner RL, Sepulcre J, Talukdar T, Krienen FM, Liu H, Hedden T, Andrews-Hanna JR, Sperling RA, Johnson KA: Cortical hubs revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity: mapping, assessment of stability, and relation to Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci. 2009, 29: 1860-1873. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5062-08.2009.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
go back to reference Leyton CE, Villemagne VL, Savage S, Pike KE, Ballard KJ, Piguet O, Burrell JR, Rowe CC, Hodges JR: Subtypes of progressive aphasia: application of the international consensus criteria and validation using β-amyloid imaging. Brain. 2011, 134: 3030-3043. 10.1093/brain/awr216.CrossRefPubMed Leyton CE, Villemagne VL, Savage S, Pike KE, Ballard KJ, Piguet O, Burrell JR, Rowe CC, Hodges JR: Subtypes of progressive aphasia: application of the international consensus criteria and validation using β-amyloid imaging. Brain. 2011, 134: 3030-3043. 10.1093/brain/awr216.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Ahmed S, de Jager CA, Haigh AMF, Garrard P: Logopenic aphasia in Alzheimer’s disease: clinical variant or clinical feature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012, 83: 1056-1062. 10.1136/jnnp-2012-302798.CrossRefPubMed Ahmed S, de Jager CA, Haigh AMF, Garrard P: Logopenic aphasia in Alzheimer’s disease: clinical variant or clinical feature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012, 83: 1056-1062. 10.1136/jnnp-2012-302798.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Boller F, Forette F, Khachaturian Z, Poncet M, Christen Y: Heterogeneity of Alzheimer’s disease. 1992, Berlin, New York: Springer-VerlagCrossRef Boller F, Forette F, Khachaturian Z, Poncet M, Christen Y: Heterogeneity of Alzheimer’s disease. 1992, Berlin, New York: Springer-VerlagCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Yesavage JA, Brooks III JO, Taylor J, Tinklenberg J: Development of aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia and decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Psychiatry. 1993, 150: 742-747.CrossRefPubMed Yesavage JA, Brooks III JO, Taylor J, Tinklenberg J: Development of aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia and decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Psychiatry. 1993, 150: 742-747.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Progression of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia to apraxia and semantic memory deficits
Authors
Michitaka Funayama
Yoshitaka Nakagawa
Yoko Yamaya
Fumihiro Yoshino
Masaru Mimura
Motoichiro Kato
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Neurology / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2377
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-13-158

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

BMC Neurology 1/2013 Go to the issue