Skip to main content
Top
Published in: World Journal of Surgical Oncology 1/2008

Open Access 01-12-2008 | Case report

Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver

Authors: Gary Schwartz, Agnes Colanta, Harold Gaetz, John Olichney, Fadi Attiyeh

Published in: World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Issue 1/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver are uncommon and rarely symptomatic. The diagnosis of primary hepatic etiology requires rigorous workup and continued surveillance to exclude a missed primary.

Case Presentation

We present a case of a 62-year-old female with a primary hepatic carcinoid tumor successfully resected, now with three years of disease-free follow-up. We present a review of the current literature regarding the diagnosis, pathology, management, and natural history of this disease entity.

Conclusion

Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver are rare, therefore classifying their nature as primary hepatic in nature requires extensive workup and prolonged follow-up. All neuroendocrine tumors have an inherent malignant potential that must be recognized. Management remains surgical resection, with several alternative options available for non-resectable tumors and severe symptoms. The risk of recurrence of primary hepatic carcinoid tumors after resection remains unknown.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Caplin ME, Buscombe JR, Hilson AJ, Jones AL, Watkinson AF, Burroughs AK: Carcinoid tumor. Lancet. 1998, 352: 799-805. 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02286-7.CrossRefPubMed Caplin ME, Buscombe JR, Hilson AJ, Jones AL, Watkinson AF, Burroughs AK: Carcinoid tumor. Lancet. 1998, 352: 799-805. 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02286-7.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Evers BD: Small Intestine. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. Edited by: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL. 2004, Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders Inc., 1359-1362. 17 Evers BD: Small Intestine. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. Edited by: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL. 2004, Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders Inc., 1359-1362. 17
3.
go back to reference Fenwick SW, Wyatt JI, Toogood GJ, Lodge JP: Hepatic resection and transplantation for primary carcinoid tumors of the liver. Ann Surg. 2004, 239 (2): 210-219. 10.1097/01.sla.0000109155.89514.42.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Fenwick SW, Wyatt JI, Toogood GJ, Lodge JP: Hepatic resection and transplantation for primary carcinoid tumors of the liver. Ann Surg. 2004, 239 (2): 210-219. 10.1097/01.sla.0000109155.89514.42.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Mehta DC, Warner RR, Parnes I, Weiss M: An 18-year follow-up of primary hepatic carcinoid with carcinoid syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996, 23 (1): 60-62. 10.1097/00004836-199607000-00017.CrossRefPubMed Mehta DC, Warner RR, Parnes I, Weiss M: An 18-year follow-up of primary hepatic carcinoid with carcinoid syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996, 23 (1): 60-62. 10.1097/00004836-199607000-00017.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Tohyama T, Matsui K, Kitagawa K: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease: a case report of a patient on long-term follow-up. Intern Med. 2005, 44 (9): 958-962. 10.2169/internalmedicine.44.958.CrossRefPubMed Tohyama T, Matsui K, Kitagawa K: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease: a case report of a patient on long-term follow-up. Intern Med. 2005, 44 (9): 958-962. 10.2169/internalmedicine.44.958.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Shah NA, Urusova IA, D'Agnolo A, Colquhoun SD, Rosenbloom BE, Vener SL, Geller SA, Yiunes M, Lechago J, Heaney AP: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor presenting as Cushing's syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007, 30 (4): 327-333.CrossRefPubMed Shah NA, Urusova IA, D'Agnolo A, Colquhoun SD, Rosenbloom BE, Vener SL, Geller SA, Yiunes M, Lechago J, Heaney AP: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor presenting as Cushing's syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007, 30 (4): 327-333.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Komatsuda T, Ishida H, Furukawa K, Miyauchi T, Heianna : Primary carcinoid tumor of the liver: report of a case with an emphasis on contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings. J Clin Ultrasound. 2005, 33 (6): 302-304. 10.1002/jcu.20132.CrossRefPubMed Komatsuda T, Ishida H, Furukawa K, Miyauchi T, Heianna : Primary carcinoid tumor of the liver: report of a case with an emphasis on contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings. J Clin Ultrasound. 2005, 33 (6): 302-304. 10.1002/jcu.20132.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Fujino K, Koito K, Sano S, Takahara T, Nakamura E, Morisaki Y, Furuya T, Torigoe T, Ishii Y: A primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: evaluation by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Radiat Med. 1998, 16 (5): 371-373.PubMed Fujino K, Koito K, Sano S, Takahara T, Nakamura E, Morisaki Y, Furuya T, Torigoe T, Ishii Y: A primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: evaluation by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Radiat Med. 1998, 16 (5): 371-373.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Shih WJ, Samayoa L, Shih GL, Milan P: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor presenting as a large multicystic lesion of the liver and on Tc-99m RBC abdominal imaging showing photopenic areas. Clin Nucl Med. 2005, 30 (7): 530-531. 10.1097/01.rlu.0000167507.77894.a7.CrossRefPubMed Shih WJ, Samayoa L, Shih GL, Milan P: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor presenting as a large multicystic lesion of the liver and on Tc-99m RBC abdominal imaging showing photopenic areas. Clin Nucl Med. 2005, 30 (7): 530-531. 10.1097/01.rlu.0000167507.77894.a7.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference DeLellis RA, Osamura RY: Neuroendocrine tumors: an overview. Pathology Case Reviews. 2006, 11 (6): 229-234. 10.1097/01.pcr.0000251144.72627.91.CrossRef DeLellis RA, Osamura RY: Neuroendocrine tumors: an overview. Pathology Case Reviews. 2006, 11 (6): 229-234. 10.1097/01.pcr.0000251144.72627.91.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Graeme-Cook F: Neuroendocrine tumors of the GI tract and appendix. Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas. Edited by: Odze R. 2003, Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders Inc., 485-486. 1 Graeme-Cook F: Neuroendocrine tumors of the GI tract and appendix. Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas. Edited by: Odze R. 2003, Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders Inc., 485-486. 1
12.
go back to reference Pilichowska M, Kimura N, Ouchi A, Lin H, Mizuno Y, Nagura H: Primary hepatic carcinoid and neuroendocrine carcinoma: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of five cases. Pathol Int. 1999, 49 (4): 318-324. 10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00866.x.CrossRefPubMed Pilichowska M, Kimura N, Ouchi A, Lin H, Mizuno Y, Nagura H: Primary hepatic carcinoid and neuroendocrine carcinoma: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of five cases. Pathol Int. 1999, 49 (4): 318-324. 10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00866.x.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Sano K, Kosuge T, Yamamoto J, Shimada K, Takayama T, Yamsaki S, Makuuchi M: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumors confirmed with long-term follow-up after resection. Hepatogastroenterology. 1999, 46 (28): 2547-2550.PubMed Sano K, Kosuge T, Yamamoto J, Shimada K, Takayama T, Yamsaki S, Makuuchi M: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumors confirmed with long-term follow-up after resection. Hepatogastroenterology. 1999, 46 (28): 2547-2550.PubMed
14.
go back to reference Abdel Wahab M, Fathy O, Elghwalby N, Sultan A, Mostafa M, El-Baz M, Elsaadany M, Elshobary M, Ezzat F: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: one Egyptian center experience. Hepatogastroenterology. 2006, 53 (67): 33-38.PubMed Abdel Wahab M, Fathy O, Elghwalby N, Sultan A, Mostafa M, El-Baz M, Elsaadany M, Elshobary M, Ezzat F: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: one Egyptian center experience. Hepatogastroenterology. 2006, 53 (67): 33-38.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Iimuro Y, Deguchi Y, Ueda Y, Tanaka A, Iwasa Y, Ishihara M, Mizuta K, Yamamoto Y, Ikai I, Shimahara Y, Yamaoka Y: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with metachronous lymph node metastasis after long-term follow up. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002, 17 (10): 1119-1124. 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02663.x.CrossRefPubMed Iimuro Y, Deguchi Y, Ueda Y, Tanaka A, Iwasa Y, Ishihara M, Mizuta K, Yamamoto Y, Ikai I, Shimahara Y, Yamaoka Y: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with metachronous lymph node metastasis after long-term follow up. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002, 17 (10): 1119-1124. 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02663.x.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Nishimori H, Tsuji K, Miyamoto N, Sakurai Y, Mitsui S, Kang JH, Yoshida M, Nomura M, Fuminori I, Ishiwatari H: Recurrence of primary hepatic carcinoid tumor in the remnant liver 13 yr after resection. Int J Gastrointest Cancer. 2005, 35 (2): 147-151. 10.1385/IJGC:35:2:147.CrossRefPubMed Nishimori H, Tsuji K, Miyamoto N, Sakurai Y, Mitsui S, Kang JH, Yoshida M, Nomura M, Fuminori I, Ishiwatari H: Recurrence of primary hepatic carcinoid tumor in the remnant liver 13 yr after resection. Int J Gastrointest Cancer. 2005, 35 (2): 147-151. 10.1385/IJGC:35:2:147.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver
Authors
Gary Schwartz
Agnes Colanta
Harold Gaetz
John Olichney
Fadi Attiyeh
Publication date
01-12-2008
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
World Journal of Surgical Oncology / Issue 1/2008
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-6-91

Other articles of this Issue 1/2008

World Journal of Surgical Oncology 1/2008 Go to the issue