Potentially inappropriate medication at hospital admission in patients with palliative care needs

Background Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are common in older patients with polypharmacy, and are related to negative clinical results. Little information is available on the characteristics and consequences of PIMs in patients with advanced chronic conditions and palliative care needs. Objective To evaluate, for this population: (i) the prevalence of PIMs; (ii) the possible risk factors associated with its onset; and (iii) the related clinical consequences. Setting Acute-hospital care Geriatric Unit (AGU) in County of Osona, Spain. Method Ten-month prospective cross-sectional study. Patients with palliative care needs were identified according to the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO^® test. Upon hospital admission, a multidisciplinary team consisting of a pharmacist and two AGU physicians determined the PIMs of the routine chronic medication of the patients. Sociodemographic and pharmacological data were collected with the objective of determining possible risk factors related to the existence of PIMs. Main outcome measure Prevalence and type of PIMs according to STOPP version 2 and MAI criteria at the time of hospital admission. Furthermore, days of hospital admission, destination at hospital discharge and survival analysis at 12 months related to PIMs were evaluated. Results Two hundred thirty-five patients (mean age 86.80, SD 5.37; 65.50% women) were recruited. According to the STOPP criteria, 88.50% of patients had ≥1 criterion (mainly ‘indication of medication’, followed by those that affect the nervous system and psychotropic drugs and risk drugs in people suffering from falls), and according to the MAI tool, 97.40% of the patients had some criterion related to inappropriate medication (mainly, duration of therapy). The following conditions were identified as risk factors for the existence of PIMs: insomnia, anxiety–depressive disorder, falls, pain, excessive polypharmacy and therapeutic complexity. There were no differences among patients in days of hospital stay, discharge’s destination or survival at 12 months, regardless of the tool used. Conclusion The presence of PIMs is high in patients requiring palliative care. Some potentially modifiable risk factors such as the pharmacological ones are associated with a greater presence of inappropriate medication. The presence of PIMs does not affect this population in terms of mortality.