PLAG1 expression in cutaneous mixed tumors: an immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study

Cutaneous mixed tumors, also known as chondroid syringomas, are benign cutaneous adnexal tumors that exhibit remarkable histopathological similarities to pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. Thus far, there is little information on the genetic profiles of cutaneous mixed tumors, although specific genetic aberrations including fusion genes involving PLAG1 and HMGA2 have been demonstrated in pleomorphic adenomas. In the present study, we conducted an immunohistochemical evaluation of PLAG1 and a reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) assay to detect fusion gene transcripts associated with pleomorphic adenoma, including the CTNNB1-PLAG1, LIFR-PLAG1, CHCHD7-PLAG1, TCEA1-PLAG1, HMGA2-FHIT, HMGA2-NFIB, and HMGA2-WIF1 fusion transcripts; this was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue specimens of 16 cutaneous mixed tumors including one sample with an adenocarcinoma component. All 16 cutaneous mixed tumors were immunoreactive to PLAG1, which was predominantly expressed in cells with myoepithelial or chondroid differentiation accounting for >80% of cells, whereas PLAG1 expression in glandular or squamous tumor cells was restricted to <20% of cells. The carcinoma component in the mixed tumor was also positive for PLAG1. On the other hand, all eight cutaneous adnexal tumors other than the mixed tumor were negative for PLAG1. In RT–PCR analysis, no fusion gene transcripts involving PLAG1 or HMGA2 were identified in any of the cases. Concordant with previous studies, our results support the close relationship between cutaneous mixed tumors and pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland. However, the mechanism of PLAG1 expression in cutaneous mixed tumors appears to be possibly different from that of pleomorphic adenomas.