Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
AIDS and Behavior
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 7/2017

01-07-2017 | Original Paper

Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) as a Biomarker of Alcohol Consumption in HIV-Infected Young Russian Women: Comparison to Self-Report Assessments of Alcohol Use

Authors: Andrew K. Littlefield, Jennifer L. Brown, Ralph J. DiClemente, Polina Safonova, Jessica M. Sales, Eve S. Rose, Nikolay Belyakov, Vadim V. Rassokhin

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 7/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Alcohol use is particularly deleterious for HIV-infected individuals and thus accurate assessment of alcohol consumption is crucial in this population. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) provides an objective assessment of drinking and can be compared to self-reported alcohol assessments to detect underreporting. The purpose of this study was to identify underreporting and its potential predictors in an HIV-infected sample of young Russian women. The current study examined the concordance between a quantitative measure of PEth and self-reported recent alcohol consumption in a prospective sample of HIV-infected young women (N = 204) receiving medical care in Saint Petersburg, Russia. At baseline, 53% of participants who denied drinking in the prior 30 days tested positive for PEth (i.e., underreporters), although this rate decreased significantly at a three-month follow-up assessment. Further exploration did not identify consistent predictors of underreporting status. Quantitative PEth levels showed, at best, modest overlap to self-reported alcohol consumption among those reporting alcohol use (e.g., Spearman’s r = 0.27 between PEth and total drinks past-30 days at baseline). Objective measures of alcohol consumption demonstrate modest overlap with self-report measures of use in HIV-infected young Russian women. Incorporating objective and quantifiable biological markers are essential for valid assessments of alcohol use.
Literature
1.
UNAIDS. UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. In: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control/WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2010.
2.
Nemtsov AV. Estimates of total alcohol consumption in Russia, 1980–1994. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000;58(1–2):133–42.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Krupitsky EM, Horton NJ, Williams EC, Lioznov D, Kuznetsova M, Zvartau E, et al. Alcohol use and HIV risk behaviors among HIV-infected hospitalized patients in St. Petersburg, Russia. Drug and Alcohol Depend. 2005;79(2):251–6.CrossRef
4.
Shin SS, Mathew TA, Yanova GV, Fitzmaurice GM, Livchits V, Yanov SA, et al. Alcohol consumption among men and women with tuberculosis in Tomsk, Russia. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2010;18(3):132–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
WHO. Global HIV/AIDS Response: Epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access. 2011.
6.
WHO. Global status report on alcohol and health 2011. Geneva, Switzerland. 2011.
7.
Brown JL, DeMartini KS, Sales JM, Swartzendruber AL, DiClemente RJ. Interventions to reduce alcohol use among HIV-infected individuals: a review and critique of the literature. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2013;10:356–70.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Azar MM, Springer SA, Meyer JP, Altice FL. A systematic review of the impact of alcohol use disorders on HIV treatment outcomes, adherence to antiretroviral therapy and health care utilization. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010;112(3):178–93.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Persidsky Y, Ho W, Ramirez SH, Potula R, Abood ME, Unterwald E, et al. HIV-1 infection and alcohol abuse: neurocognitive impairment, mechanisms of neurodegeneration and therapeutic interventions. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25(Suppl 1):S61–70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Weber E, Morgan EE, Iudicello JE, Blackstone K, Grant I, Ellis RJ, et al. Substance use is a risk factor for neurocognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric distress in acute and early HIV infection. J Neurovirol. 2013;19(1):65–74.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Neuman MG, Monteiro M, Rehm J. Drug interactions between psychoactive substances and antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency and Hepatitis viruses. Subst Use Misuse. 2006;41(10–12):1395–463.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Barve S, Kapoor R, Moghe A, Ramirez JA, Eaton JW, Gobejishvili L, et al. Focus on the liver: alcohol use, highly active antiretroviral therapy, and liver disease in HIV-infected patients. Alcohol Res Health. 2010;33(3):229–36.PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Braithwaite RS, Bryant KJ. Influence of alcohol consumption on adherence to and toxicity of antiretroviral therapy and survival. Alcohol Res Health. 2010;33(3):280–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Salmon-Ceron D, Lewden C, Morlat P, Bévilacqua S, Jougla E, Bonnet F, et al. Liver disease as a major cause of death among HIV infected patients: role of Hepatitis C and B viruses and alcohol. J Hepatol. 2005;42(6):799–805.CrossRefPubMed
15.
16.
Ferrari LF, Levine JD. Alcohol consumption enhances antiretroviral painful peripheral neuropathy by mitochondrial mechanisms. Eur J Neurosci. 2010;32(5):811–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Abdala N, White E, Toussova OV, Krasnoselskikh TV, Verevochkin S, Kozlov AP, et al. Comparing sexual risks and patterns of alcohol and drug use between injection drug users (IDUs) and non-IDUs who report sexual partnerships with IDUs in St. Petersburg, Russia. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:676.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Abdala N, Zhan W, Shaboltas AV, Skochilov RV, Kozlov AP, Krasnoselskikh TV. Correlates of abortions and condom use among high risk women attending an STD clinic in St. Petersburg, Russia. Reprod Health. 2011;8:28.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Abdala N, Grau LE, Zhan W, Shaboltas AV, Skochilov RV, Kozlov AP, et al. Inebriation, drinking motivations and sexual risk taking among sexually transmitted disease clinic patients in St. Petersburg, Russia. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(3):1144–50.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Cabarcos P, Álvarez I, Tabernero MJ, Bermejo AM. Determination of direct alcohol markers: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2015;407(17):4907–25.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Hannuksela ML, Liisanantti MK, Nissinen AET, Savolainen MJ. Biochemical markers of alcoholism. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2007;45(8):953–61.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Isaksson A, Walther L, Hansson T, Andersson A, Alling C. Phosphatidylethanol in blood (B-PEth): a marker for alcohol use and abuse. Drug Test Anal. 2011;3(4):195–200.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Litten RZ, Bradley AM, Moss HB. Alcohol biomarkers in applied settings: recent advances and future research opportunities. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010;34(6):955–67.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Nanau RM, Neuman MG. Biomolecules and biomarkers used in diagnosis of alcohol drinking and in monitoring therapeutic interventions. Biomolecules. 2015;5(3):1339–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Wurst FM, Ailing C, Aradottir S, Pragst F, Allen JP, Weinmann W, et al. Emerging biomarkers: new directions and clinical applications. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005;29(3):465–73.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Alling C, Gustavsson L, Månsson JE, Benthin G, Anggård E. Phosphatidylethanol formation in rat organs after ethanol treatment. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1984;793(1):119–22.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Gustavsson L, Alling C. Formation of phosphatidylethanol in rat brain by phospholipase D. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987;142(3):958–63.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Kobayashi M, Kanfer JN. Phosphatidylethanol formation via transphosphatidylation by rat brain synaptosomal phospholipase D. J Neurochem. 1987;48(5):1597–603.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Javors MA, Hill-Kapturczak N, Roache JD, Karns-Wright TE, Dougherty DM. Characterization of the Pharmacokinetics of Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 in human whole blood after alcohol consumption in a clinical laboratory study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016;40(6):1228–34.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Varga A, Hansson P, Johnson G, Alling C. Normalization rate and cellular localization of phosphatidylethanol in whole blood from chronic alcoholics. Clin Chim Acta. 2000;299(1–2):141–50.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Gnann H, Weinmann W, Thierauf A. Formation of phosphatidylethanol and its subsequent elimination during an extensive drinking experiment over 5 days. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2012;36(9):1507–11.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Hansson P, Caron M, Johnson G, Gustavsson L, Alling C. Blood phosphatidylethanol as a marker of alcohol abuse: levels in alcoholic males during withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997;21(1):108–10.PubMed
33.
Hartmann S, Aradottir S, Graf M, Wiesbeck G, Lesch O, Ramskogler K, et al. Phosphatidylethanol as a sensitive and specific biomarker: comparison with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, mean corpuscular volume and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. Addict Biol. 2007;12(1):81–4.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Viel G, Boscolo-Berto R, Cecchetto G, Fais P, Nalesso A, Ferrara SD. Phosphatidylethanol in blood as a marker of chronic alcohol use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(11):14788–812.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Marques P, Hansson T, Isaksson A, Walther L, Jones J, Lewis D, et al. Detection of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in the blood of drivers in an alcohol ignition interlock program. Traffic Inj Prev. 2011;12(2):136–41.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Helander A, Péter O, Zheng Y. Monitoring of the alcohol biomarkers PEth, CDT and EtG/EtS in an outpatient treatment setting. Alcohol Alcohol. 2012;47(5):552–7.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Kechagias S, Dernroth DN, Blomgren A, Hansson T, Isaksson A, Walther L, et al. Phosphatidylethanol compared with other blood tests as a biomarker of moderate alcohol consumption in healthy volunteers: a prospective randomized study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2015;50(4):399–406.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Bakhireva LN, Leeman L, Savich RD, Cano S, Gutierrez H, Savage DD, et al. The validity of phosphatidylethanol in dried blood spots of newborns for the identification of prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014;38(4):1078–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Kwak H-S, Han J-Y, Choi J-S, Ahn H-K, Ryu H-M, Chung H-J, et al. Characterization of phosphatidylethanol blood concentrations for screening alcohol consumption in early pregnancy. Clin Toxicol. 2014;52(1):25–31.CrossRef
40.
Kip MJ, Spies CD, Neumann T, Nachbar Y, Alling C, Aradottir S, et al. The usefulness of direct ethanol metabolites in assessing alcohol intake in nonintoxicated male patients in an emergency room setting. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008;32(7):1284–91.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Allen JP, Wurst FM, Thon N, Litten RZ. Assessing the drinking status of liver transplant patients with alcoholic liver disease. Liver Transpl. 2013;19(4):369–76.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Stewart SH, Reuben A, Brzezinski WA, Koch DG, Basile J, Randall PK, et al. Preliminary evaluation of phosphatidylethanol and alcohol consumption in patients with liver disease and hypertension. Alcohol and Alcohol. 2009;44(5):464–7.CrossRef
43.
Stewart SH, Koch DG, Willner IR, Anton RF, Reuben A. Validation of blood phosphatidylethanol as an alcohol consumption biomarker in patients with chronic liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014;38(6):1706–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Bajunirwe F, Haberer JE, Boum Y, Hunt P, Mocello R, Martin JN, et al. Comparison of self-reported alcohol consumption to phosphatidylethanol measurement among HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral treatment in southwestern Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12):e113152-e.CrossRef
45.
Hahn JA, Dobkin LM, Mayanja B, Emenyonu NI, Kigozi IM, Shiboski S, et al. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) as a biomarker of alcohol consumption in HIV-positive patients in sub-Saharan Africa. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2012;36(5):854–62.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Aradottir S, Asanovska G, Gjerss S, Hansson P, Alling C. PHosphatidylethanol (PEth) concentrations in blood are correlated to reported alcohol intake in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol And Alcohol. 2006;41(4):431–7.CrossRef
47.
Jain J, Evans JL, Briceño A, Page K, Hahn JA. Comparison of phosphatidylethanol results to self-reported alcohol consumption among young injection drug users. Alcohol And Alcohol. 2014;49(5):520–4.CrossRef
48.
Wurst FM, Thon N, Aradottir S, Hartmann S, Wiesbeck GA, Lesch O, et al. Phosphatidylethanol: normalization during detoxification, gender aspects and correlation with other biomarkers and self-reports. Addict Biol. 2010;15(1):88–95.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Papas RK, Gakinya BN, Mwaniki MM, Keter AK, Lee H, Loxley MP, et al. Associations between the phosphatidylethanol alcohol biomarker and self-reported alcohol use in a sample of hiv-infected outpatient drinkers in western kenya. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016;40(8):1779–87.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Brown JL, DiClemente RJ, Sales JM, Rose ES, Safonova P, Levina O, et al. Substance use patterns of HIV-infected Russian women with and without Hepatitis C co-infection. AIDS Behav. 2016;20:2398–407.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Jones J, Jones M, Plate C, Lewis D. The detection of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol in human dried blood spots. Anal Methods. 2011;3:1101–6.CrossRef
52.
Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, et al. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption: II. Addiction. 1993;88(6):791–804.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Fromme K, Stroot E, Kaplan D. Comprehensive effects of alcohol: development and psychometric assessment of a new expectancy questionnaire. Psychol Assess. 1993;5(1):19–26.CrossRef
54.
55.
Ickovics JR, Meade CS. Adherence to HAART among patients with HIV: breakthroughs and barriers. AIDS Care. 2002;14(3):309–18.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Justice AC, Holmes W, Gifford AL, Rabeneck L, Zackin R, Sinclair G, et al. Development and validation of a self-completed HIV symptom index. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54(Suppl 1):S77–90.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Johnson MO, Neilands TB, Dilworth SE, Morin SF, Remien RH, Chesney MA. The role of self-efficacy in HIV treatment adherence: validation of the hiv treatment adherence self-efficacy scale (HIV-ASES). J Behav Med. 2007;30(5):359–70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Asiimwe SB, Fatch R, Emenyonu NI, Muyindike WR, Kekibiina A, Santos G-M, et al. Comparison of traditional and novel self-report measures to an alcohol biomarker for quantifying alcohol consumption among hiv-infected adults in sub-saharan africa. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015;39(8):1518–27.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) as a Biomarker of Alcohol Consumption in HIV-Infected Young Russian Women: Comparison to Self-Report Assessments of Alcohol Use
Authors
Andrew K. Littlefield
Jennifer L. Brown
Ralph J. DiClemente
Polina Safonova
Jessica M. Sales
Eve S. Rose
Nikolay Belyakov
Vadim V. Rassokhin
Publication date
01-07-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 7/2017
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1769-7

Other articles of this Issue 7/2017

AIDS and Behavior 7/2017 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Longitudinal Modeling of Depressive Trajectories Among HIV-Infected Men Using Cocaine

Original Paper

Social Desirability Bias and Prevalence of Sexual HIV Risk Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs in Baltimore, Maryland: Implications for Identifying Individuals Prone to Underreporting Sexual Risk Behaviors

Original Paper

The Development of an HIV Risk Environment Scale of Exotic Dance Clubs

Original Paper

What are the Patterns Between Depression, Smoking, Unhealthy Alcohol Use, and Other Substance Use Among Individuals Receiving Medical Care? A Longitudinal Study of 5479 Participants

Original Paper

A Pilot Trial Examining African American and White Responses to Algorithm-Guided Smoking Cessation Medication Selection in Persons Living with HIV

Original Paper

The Usefulness of the CRAFFT in Screening for Problematic Drug and Alcohol Use Among Youth Living with HIV
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits