Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Current Cardiology Reports
Published in: Current Cardiology Reports 3/2013

01-03-2013 | Cardiac PET, CT, and MRI (S Achenbach, Section Editor)

PET and SPECT in Heart Failure

Authors: Christoph Rischpler, Stephan Nekolla, Markus Schwaiger

Published in: Current Cardiology Reports | Issue 3/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Heart failure is a serious condition with poor prognosis, which imposes an ever increasing burden on healthcare systems due to its rising prevalence. Nonetheless, physiological processes underlying heart failure remain poorly understood. In recent years, functional imaging such as gated CT has become available for routine clinical cardiology investigations. However, a maturation of nuclear imaging techniques such as PET and SPECT is now yielding new insights into the pathophysiological changes underlying heart failure, based on non-invasive measurements of myocardial blood flow, myocardial viability, sympathetic innervation, neoangiogenesis and matrix metalloproteinases activity. Investigations of these biomarkers have the potential to reveal early aspects of left ventricle remodeling; diagnosis at an earlier stage of heart failure promises to facilitate improved intervention and therapy guidance. Furthermore, nuclear imaging techniques are being developed to monitor and predict outcome of novel cell-based approaches for restorative therapy of heart failure.
Literature
1.
Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(4):e18–209.PubMedCrossRef
2.
McMurray JJ, Petrie MC, Murdoch DR, Davie AP. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure: public and private health burden. Eur Heart J. 1998;19(Suppl P):9–16.
3.
Lloyd-Jones DM, Larson MG, Leip EP, et al. Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2002;106(24):3068–72.PubMedCrossRef
4.
McCullough PA, Philbin EF, Spertus JA, Kaatz S, Sandberg KR, Weaver WD. Confirmation of a heart failure epidemic: findings from the Resource Utilization Among Congestive Heart Failure (REACH) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(1):60–9.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Levy D, Kenchaiah S, Larson MG, et al. Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(18):1397–402.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Roger VL, Weston SA, Redfield MM, et al. Trends in heart failure incidence and survival in a community-based population. JAMA. 2004;292(3):344–50.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Ho KK, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, Levy D. The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22(4 Suppl A):6A–13.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Levy D, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Kannel WB, Ho KK. The progression from hypertension to congestive heart failure. JAMA. 1996;275(20):1557–62.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Kannel WB, Ho K, Thom T. Changing epidemiological features of cardiac failure. Br Heart J. 1994;72(2 Suppl):S3–9.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Gheorghiade M, Bonow RO. Chronic heart failure in the United States: a manifestation of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1998;97(3):282–9.PubMedCrossRef
11.
12.
Hendel RC, Berman DS, Di Carli MF, et al. ACCF/ASNC/ACR/AHA/ASE/SCCT/SCMR/SNM 2009 Appropriate Use Criteria for Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the American College of Radiology, the American Heart Association, the American Society of Echocardiography, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Nuclear Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(23):2201–29.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Davis K, Kennedy JW, Kemp Jr HG, Judkins MP, Gosselin AJ, Killip T. Complications of coronary arteriography from the Collaborative Study of Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS). Circulation. 1979;59(6):1105–12.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Bulkley BH, Hutchins GM, Bailey I, Strauss HW, Pitt B. Thallium 201 imaging and gated cardiac blood pool scans in patients with ischemic and idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy. A clinical and pathologic study. Circulation. 1977;55(5):753–60.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Eisenberg JD, Sobel BE, Geltman EM. Differentiation of ischemic from nonischemic cardiomyopathy with positron emission tomography. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59(15):1410–4.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Boucher CA, Fallon JT, Johnson RA, Yurchak PM. Cardiomyopathic syndrome caused by coronary artery disease. III: prospective clinicopathological study of its prevalence among patients with clinically unexplained chronic heart failure. Br Heart J. 1979;41(5):613–20.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Danias PG, Ahlberg AW, Clark 3rd BA, et al. Combined assessment of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function with exercise technetium-99m sestamibi gated single-photon emission computed tomography can differentiate between ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(10):1253–8.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Yao SS, Qureshi E, Nichols K, Diamond GA, Depuey EG, Rozanski A. Prospective validation of a quantitative method for differentiating ischemic versus nonischemic cardiomyopathy by technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography. Clin Cardiol. 2004;27(11):615–20.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Wu YW, Yen RF, Chieng PU, Huang PJ. Tl-201 myocardial SPECT in differentiation of ischemic from nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. J Nucl Cardiol. 2003;10(4):369–74.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Her SH, Yoon HJ, Lee JM, et al. Adenosine Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT in differentiation of ischemic from nonischemic cardiomyopathy in patients with LV systolic dysfunction. Clin Nucl Med. 2008;33(7):459–63.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Mody FV, Brunken RC, Stevenson LW, Nienaber CA, Phelps ME, Schelbert HR. Differentiating cardiomyopathy of coronary artery disease from nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy utilizing positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17(2):373–83.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Marcassa C, Bax JJ, Bengel F, et al. Clinical value, cost-effectiveness, and safety of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: a position statement. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(4):557–63.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Underwood SR, Anagnostopoulos C, Cerqueira M, et al. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: the evidence. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31(2):261–91.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Gaemperli O, Bengel FM, Kaufmann PA. Cardiac hybrid imaging. Eur Hear J. 2011;32(17):2100–8.CrossRef
25.
Kapur A, Latus KA, Davies G, et al. A comparison of three radionuclide myocardial perfusion tracers in clinical practice: the ROBUST study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002;29(12):1608–16.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Schinkel AF, Poldermans D, Elhendy A, Bax JJ. Assessment of myocardial viability in patients with heart failure. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(7):1135–46.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Perrone-Filardi P, Pace L, Prastaro M, et al. Assessment of myocardial viability in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Rest-4-hour-24-hour 201Tl tomography versus dobutamine echocardiography. Circulation. 1996;94(11):2712–9.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Eagle KA, Guyton RA, Davidoff R, et al. ACC/AHA 2004 guideline update for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery). Circulation. 2004;110(9):1168–76.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Schneider CA, Voth E, Gawlich S, et al. Significance of rest technetium-99m sestamibi imaging for the prediction of improvement of left ventricular dysfunction after Q wave myocardial infarction: importance of infarct location adjusted thresholds. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32(3):648–54.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Sciagra R, Pellegri M, Pupi A, et al. Prognostic implications of Tc-99m sestamibi viability imaging and subsequent therapeutic strategy in patients with chronic coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36(3):739–45.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Bateman TM, Heller GV, McGhie AI, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of rest/stress ECG-gated Rb-82 myocardial perfusion PET: comparison with ECG-gated Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2006;13(1):24–33.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Flotats A, Bravo PE, Fukushima K, Chaudhry MA, Merrill J, Bengel FM. (82)Rb PET myocardial perfusion imaging is superior to (99m)Tc-labelled agent SPECT in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39(8):1233–9.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Murphy ML, Kane JJ, Peng CF, Straub KD. Wall motion and metabolic changes after coronary occlusion and reperfusion. J Surg Res. 1982;32(2):143–9.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Higuchi T, Bengel FM. Cardiovascular nuclear imaging: from perfusion to molecular function: non-invasive imaging. Heart. 2008;94(6):809–16.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Heller GV, Calnon D, Dorbala S. Recent advances in cardiac PET and PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2009;16(6):962–9.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Yoshida K, Mullani N, Gould KL. Coronary flow and flow reserve by PET simplified for clinical applications using rubidium-82 or nitrogen-13-ammonia. J Nucl Med. 1996;37(10):1701–12.PubMed
37.
Bergmann SR, Fox KA, Rand AL, et al. Quantification of regional myocardial blood flow in vivo with H215O. Circulation. 1984;70(4):724–33.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Bellina CR, Parodi O, Camici P, et al. Simultaneous in vitro and in vivo validation of nitrogen-13-ammonia for the assessment of regional myocardial blood flow. J Nucl Med. 1990;31(8):1335–43.PubMed
39.
Lautamaki R, George RT, Kitagawa K, et al. Rubidium-82 PET-CT for quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow: validation in a canine model of coronary artery stenosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36(4):576–86.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Rischpler C, Park MJ, Fung GS, Javadi M, Tsui BM, Higuchi T. Advances in PET myocardial perfusion imaging: F-18 labeled tracers. Ann Nucl Med. 2012;26(1):1–6.PubMedCrossRef
41.
El Fakhri G, Kardan A, Sitek A, et al. Reproducibility and accuracy of quantitative myocardial blood flow assessment with (82)Rb PET: comparison with (13)N-ammonia PET. J Nucl Med. 2009;50(7):1062–71.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Nitzsche EU, Choi Y, Czernin J, Hoh CK, Huang SC, Schelbert HR. Noninvasive quantification of myocardial blood flow in humans. A direct comparison of the [13N]ammonia and the [15O]water techniques. Circulation. 1996;93(11):2000–6.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Tio RA, Dabeshlim A, Siebelink HM, et al. Comparison between the prognostic value of left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion reserve in patients with ischemic heart disease. J Nucl Med. 2009;50(2):214–9.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Legrand V, Mancini GB, Bates ER, Hodgson JM, Gross MD, Vogel RA. Comparative study of coronary flow reserve, coronary anatomy and results of radionuclide exercise tests in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8(5):1022–32.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Weiss MB, Ellis K, Sciacca RR, Johnson LL, Schmidt DH, Cannon PJ. Myocardial blood flow in congestive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relationship to peak wall stress and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. Circulation. 1976;54(3):484–94.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Nitenberg A, Foult JM, Blanchet F, Zouioueche S. Multifactorial determinants of reduced coronary flow reserve after dipyridamole in dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J CardiolAm J Cardiol. 1985;55(6):748–54.CrossRef
47.
Cecchi F, Olivotto I, Gistri R, Lorenzoni R, Chiriatti G, Camici PG. Coronary microvascular dysfunction and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(11):1027–35.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Neglia D, Michelassi C, Trivieri MG, et al. Prognostic role of myocardial blood flow impairment in idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 2002;105(2):186–93.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Neglia D, Parodi O, Gallopin M, et al. Myocardial blood flow response to pacing tachycardia and to dipyridamole infusion in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy without overt heart failure. A quantitative assessment by positron emission tomography. Circulation. 1995;92(4):796–804.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Drzezga AE, Blasini R, Ziegler SI, Bengel FM, Picker W, Schwaiger M. Coronary microvascular reactivity to sympathetic stimulation in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Nucl Med. 2000;41(5):837–44.PubMed
51.
Camici P, Chiriatti G, Lorenzoni R, et al. Coronary Vasodilation Is Impaired in Both Hypertrophied and Nonhypertrophied Myocardium of Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - a Study with N-13 Ammonia and Positron Emission Tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17(4):879–86.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Ghosh N, Rimoldi OE, Beanlands RS, Camici PG. Assessment of myocardial ischaemia and viability: role of positron emission tomography. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(24):2984–95.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Inglese E, Leva L, Matheoud R, et al. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of regional myocardial uptake in patients without heart disease under fasting conditions on repeated whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(10):1662–9.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Fallavollita JA. Spatial heterogeneity in fasting and insulin-stimulated (18)F-2-deoxyglucose uptake in pigs with hibernating myocardium. Circulation. 2000;102(8):908–14.PubMedCrossRef
55.
56.
McNulty PH, Jagasia D, Cline GW, et al. Persistent changes in myocardial glucose metabolism in vivo during reperfusion of a limited-duration coronary occlusion. Circulation. 2000;101(8):917–22.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Lopaschuk GD, Stanley WC. Glucose metabolism in the ischemic heart. Circulation. 1997;95(2):313–5.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Beanlands RSB, Hendry PJ, Masters RG, deKemp RA, Woodend K, Ruddy TD. Delay in revascularization is associated with increased mortality rate in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and viable myocardium on fluorine 18-fuorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. Circulation. 1998;98(19):Ii51–6.PubMed
59.
Di Carli MF, Davidson M, Little R, et al. Value of metabolic imaging with positron emission tomography for evaluating prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73(8):527–33.PubMedCrossRef
60.
•• D'Egidio G, Nichol G, Williams KA, et al. Increasing Benefit From Revascularization Is Associated With Increasing Amounts of Myocardial Hibernation A Substudy of the PARR-2 Trial. Jacc-Cardiovasc Imag. 2009;2(9):1060–8. Important study demonstrating that patients suffering from ischemic cardiomyopathy with larger amounts of mismatch have a better outcome after revascularization.CrossRef
61.
Tillisch J, Brunken R, Marshall R, et al. Reversibility of cardiac wall-motion abnormalities predicted by positron tomography. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(14):884–8.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Schinkel AF, Bax JJ, Poldermans D, Elhendy A, Ferrari R, Rahimtoola SH. Hibernating myocardium: diagnosis and patient outcomes. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2007;32(7):375–410.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Di Carli MF, Maddahi J, Rokhsar S, et al. Long-term survival of patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: implications for the role of myocardial viability assessment in management decisions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116(6):997–1004.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Marwick TH, Zuchowski C, Lauer MS, Secknus MA, Williams J, Lytle BW. Functional status and quality of life in patients with heart failure undergoing coronary bypass surgery after assessment of myocardial viability. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33(3):750–8.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Allman KC, Shaw LJ, Hachamovitch R, Udelson JE. Myocardial viability testing and impact of revascularization on prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(7):1151–8.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Dicarli MF, Asgarzadie F, Schelbert HR, et al. Quantitative Relation between Myocardial Viability and Improvement in Heart-Failure Symptoms after Revascularization in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 1995;92(12):3436–44.CrossRef
67.
Haas F, Haehnel CJ, Picker W, et al. Preoperative positron emission tomographic viability assessment and perioperative and postoperative risk in patients with advanced ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30(7):1693–700.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Matsunari I, Schricke U, Bengel FM, et al. Extent of cardiac sympathetic neuronal damage is determined by the area of ischemia in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2000;101(22):2579–85.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Sasano T, Abraham MR, Chang KC, et al. Abnormal sympathetic innervation of viable myocardium and the substrate of ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(23):2266–75.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Bertini M, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ, Delgado V. Emerging role of multimodality imaging to evaluate patients at risk for sudden cardiac death. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(4):525–35.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Bohm M, La Rosee K, Schwinger RH, Erdmann E. Evidence for reduction of norepinephrine uptake sites in the failing human heart. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25(1):146–53.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Eisenhofer G, Friberg P, Rundqvist B, et al. Cardiac sympathetic nerve function in congestive heart failure. Circulation. 1996;93(9):1667–76.PubMedCrossRef
73.
The MICAD Research Team. Meta-[radioiodinated]iodobenzylguanidine. Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). Bethesda (MD): ational Center for Biotechnology Information (US). 2004–2012.
74.
Dae MW, De Marco T, Botvinick EH, et al. Scintigraphic assessment of MIBG uptake in globally denervated human and canine hearts–implications for clinical studies. J Nucl Med. 1992;33(8):1444–50.PubMed
75.
Estorch M, Camprecios M, Flotats A, et al. Sympathetic reinnervation of cardiac allografts evaluated by 123I-MIBG imaging. J Nucl Med. 1999;40(6):911–6.PubMed
76.
Wieland DM, Brown LE, Rogers WL, et al. Myocardial imaging with a radioiodinated norepinephrine storage analog. J Nucl Med. 1981;22(1):22–31.PubMed
77.
Carrio I. Cardiac neurotransmission imaging. J Nucl Med. 2001;42(7):1062–76.PubMed
78.
Flotats A, Carrio I. Cardiac neurotransmission SPECT imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2004;11(5):587–602.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Simoes MV, Barthel P, Matsunari I, et al. Presence of sympathetically denervated but viable myocardium and its electrophysiologic correlates after early revascularised, acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(7):551–7.PubMedCrossRef
80.
• Jacobson AF, Senior R, Cerqueira MD, et al. Myocardial iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging and cardiac events in heart failure. Results of the prospective ADMIRE-HF (AdreView Myocardial Imaging for Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(20):2212–21. First, large prospective study confirming the usefulness of cardiac sympathetic nerve imaging with 123I-MIBG as an independent prognostic predictor for cardiac events.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Agostini D, Verberne HJ, Burchert W, et al. I-123-mIBG myocardial imaging for assessment of risk for a major cardiac event in heart failure patients: insights from a retrospective European multicenter study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(3):535–46.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Verberne HJ, Brewster LM, Somsen GA, van Eck-Smit BL. Prognostic value of myocardial 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) parameters in patients with heart failure: a systematic review. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(9):1147–59.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Travin M, Ananthasubramaniam K, Henzlova MJ, Clements IP, Amanullah A, Jacobson AF. Imaging of Myocardial Sympathetic Innervation for Prediction of Cardiac and All-cause Mortality in Heart Failure Patients: analyses From the ADMIRE-HF Trial. Circulation. 2009;120(18):S350–S50.
84.
Kioka H, Yamada T, Mine T, et al. Prediction of sudden death in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic heart failure by using cardiac iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging. Heart. 2007;93(10):1213–8.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Tamaki S, Yamada T, Okuyama Y, et al. Cardiac iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging predicts sudden cardiac death independently of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from a comparative study with signal-averaged electrocardiogram, heart rate variability, and QT dispersion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(5):426–35.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Buxton AE, Lee KL, Hafley GE, et al. Limitations of ejection fraction for prediction of sudden death risk in patients with coronary artery disease: lessons from the MUSTT study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(12):1150–7.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Desai AS, Fang JC, Maisel WH, Baughman KL. Implantable defibrillators for the prevention of mortality in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2004;292(23):2874–9.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Carrio I, Cowie MR, Yamazaki J, Udelson J, Camici PG. Cardiac sympathetic imaging with mIBG in heart failure. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3(1):92–100.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Munch G, Nguyen NT, Nekolla S, et al. Evaluation of sympathetic nerve terminals with [(11)C]epinephrine and [(11)C]hydroxyephedrine and positron emission tomography. Circulation. 2000;101(5):516–23.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Schwaiger M, Hutchins GD, Kalff V, et al. Evidence for regional catecholamine uptake and storage sites in the transplanted human heart by positron emission tomography. J Clin Invest. 1991;87(5):1681–90.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Lautamaki R, Tipre D, Bengel FM. Cardiac sympathetic neuronal imaging using PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34 Suppl 1:S74–85.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Nguyen NT, DeGrado TR, Chakraborty P, Wieland DM, Schwaiger M. Myocardial kinetics of carbon-11-epinephrine in the isolated working rat heart. J Nucl Med. 1997;38(5):780–5.PubMed
93.
Raffel DM, Corbett JR, del Rosario RB, et al. Sensitivity of [11C]phenylephrine kinetics to monoamine oxidase activity in normal human heart. J Nucl Med. 1999;40(2):232–8.PubMed
94.
Raffel DM, Corbett JR, del Rosario RB, et al. Clinical evaluation of carbon-11-phenylephrine: MAO-sensitive marker of cardiac sympathetic neurons. J Nucl Med. 1996;37(12):1923–31.PubMed
95.
Hartmann F, Ziegler S, Nekolla S, et al. Regional patterns of myocardial sympathetic denervation in dilated cardiomyopathy: an analysis using carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine and positron emission tomography. Heart. 1999;81(3):262–70.PubMed
96.
Vesalainen RK, Pietila M, Tahvanainen KU, et al. Cardiac positron emission tomography imaging with [11C]hydroxyephedrine, a specific tracer for sympathetic nerve endings, and its functional correlates in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84(5):568–74.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Pietila M, Malminiemi K, Ukkonen H, et al. Reduced myocardial carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine retention is associated with poor prognosis in chronic heart failure. Eur J Nucl Med. 2001;28(3):373–6.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Pietila M, Malminiemi K, Vesalainen R, et al. Exercise training in chronic heart failure: beneficial effects on cardiac (11)C-hydroxyephedrine PET, autonomic nervous control, and ventricular repolarization. J Nucl Med. 2002;43(6):773–9.PubMed
99.
Bengel FM, Permanetter B, Ungerer M, Nekolla SG, Schwaiger M. Relationship between altered sympathetic innervation, oxidative metabolism and contractile function in the cardiomyopathic human heart; a non-invasive study using positron emission tomography. Eur Heart J. 2001;22(17):1594–600.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Experimental observations and clinical implications. Circulation. 1990;81(4):1161–72.PubMedCrossRef
101.
Haubner R, Beer AJ, Wang H, Chen X. Positron emission tomography tracers for imaging angiogenesis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37 Suppl 1:S86–103.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Higuchi T, Bengel FM, Seidl S, et al. Assessment of alphavbeta3 integrin expression after myocardial infarction by positron emission tomography. Cardiovasc Res. 2008;78(2):395–403.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Meoli DF, Sadeghi MM, Krassilnikova S, et al. Noninvasive imaging of myocardial angiogenesis following experimental myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest. 2004;113(12):1684–91.PubMed
104.
Makowski MR, Ebersberger U, Nekolla S, Schwaiger M. In vivo molecular imaging of angiogenesis, targeting alphavbeta3 integrin expression, in a patient after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(18):2201.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Sherif HM, Saraste A, Nekolla SG, et al. Molecular imaging of early alphavbeta3 integrin expression predicts long-term left-ventricle remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(2):318–23.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Mann DL, Spinale FG. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases in the failing human heart - Breaking the tie that binds. Circulation. 1998;98(17):1699–702.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Nagase H. Activation mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases. Biol Chem. 1997;378(3–4):151–60.PubMed
108.
Cottam D, Rees R. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases - their role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Int J Oncol. 1993;2(6):861–72.PubMed
109.
Ries C, Petrides PE. Cytokine Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity and Its Regulatory Dysfunction in Disease. Biol Chem H-S. 1995;376(6):345–55.
110.
Su H, Spinale FG, Dobrucki LW, et al. Noninvasive targeted imaging of matrix metalloproteinase activation in a murine model of postinfarction remodeling. Circulation. 2005;112(20):3157–67.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Mukherjee R, Brinsa TA, Dowdy KB, et al. Myocardial infarct expansion and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. Circulation. 2003;107(4):618–25.PubMedCrossRef
112.
Sahul ZH, Mukherjee R, Song J, et al. Targeted imaging of the spatial and temporal variation of matrix metalloproteinase activity in a porcine model of postinfarct remodeling: relationship to myocardial dysfunction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4(4):381–91.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Kang PM, Izumo S. Apoptosis and heart failure: a critical review of the literature. Circ Res. 2000;86(11):1107–13.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Terrovitis J, Lautamaki R, Bonios M, et al. Noninvasive quantification and optimization of acute cell retention by in vivo positron emission tomography after intramyocardial cardiac-derived stem cell delivery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(17):1619–26.PubMedCrossRef
115.
Chan AT, Abraham MR. SPECT and PET to optimize cardiac stem cell therapy. J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19(1):118–25.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Gildehaus FJ, Haasters F, Drosse I, et al. Impact of indium-111 oxine labelling on viability of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, and 3D cell-tracking using SPECT/CT in vivo. Mol Imaging Biol. 2011;13(6):1204–14.PubMedCrossRef
117.
Higuchi T, Anton M, Dumler K, et al. Combined reporter gene PET and iron oxide MRI for monitoring survival and localization of transplanted cells in the rat heart. J Nucl Med. 2009;50(7):1088–94.PubMedCrossRef
118.
Bengel FM. Noninvasive imaging of cardiac gene expression and its future implications for molecular therapy. Mol Imaging Biol. 2005;7(1):22–9.PubMedCrossRef
119.
Zhang SJ, Wu JC. Comparison of imaging techniques for tracking cardiac stem cell therapy. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(12):1916–9.PubMedCrossRef
120.
Hofmann M, Wollert KC, Meyer GP, et al. Monitoring of bone marrow cell homing into the infarcted human myocardium. Circulation. 2005;111(17):2198–202.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
PET and SPECT in Heart Failure
Authors
Christoph Rischpler
Stephan Nekolla
Markus Schwaiger
Publication date
01-03-2013
Publisher
Current Science Inc.
Published in
Current Cardiology Reports / Issue 3/2013
Print ISSN: 1523-3782
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3170
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-012-0337-z

Other articles of this Issue 3/2013

Current Cardiology Reports 3/2013 Go to the issue

Valvular Heart Disease (V Nkomo, Section Editor)

Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve Therapies: Patient Selection, Prosthesis Assessment and Selection, Results, and Future Directions

Valvular Heart Disease (V Nkomo, Section Editor)

Percutaneous Mitral and Aortic Paravalvular Leak Repair: Indications, Current Application, and Future Directions

Nuclear Cardiology (V Dilsizian, Section Editor)

Quantitative PET/CT Measures of Myocardial Flow Reserve and Atherosclerosis for Cardiac Risk Assessment and Predicting Adverse Patient Outcomes

Echocardiography (RM Lang, Section Editor)

Interventional Echocardiography in Structural Heart Disease

Echocardiography (RM Lang, Section Editor)

Longitudinal and Circumferential Strain in Patients with Regional LV Dysfunction

New Therapies for Cardiovascular Disease (K Mahaffey, Section Editor)

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Potential in Cardiovascular Therapeutics

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits