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Nutrition Journal
Published in: Nutrition Journal 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research

Perturbation of cellular immune functions in cigarette smokers and protection by palm oil vitamin E supplementation

Authors: Zakiah Jubri, Azian Abdul Latif, Abdul Gapor Md Top, Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah

Published in: Nutrition Journal | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

Background

Cigarette smoke contains free radicals and an have adverse effect to the immune system. Supplementation of palm oil vitamin E (palmvitee), is known has antioxidant properties is thought to be beneficial for system immune protection against free radicals activity. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of palmvitee supplementation on immune response in smokers.

Methods

This study involved a group of smokers and nonsmokers who received 200 mg/day palmvitee and placebo for the control group. Blood samples were taken at 0, 12 and 24 weeks of supplementation. Plasma tocopherol and tocotrienol were determined by HPLC, lymphocyte proliferation by lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and enumeration of lymphocytes T and B cells by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U-test for non-parametric data distribution and correlation among the variables was examined by Spearman.

Results

Plasma tocopherol and tocotrienol were increased in vitamin E supplemented group as compared to placebo group. Urine cotinine levels and serum α1-antitrypsin were significantly higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers. Lymphocyte proliferation induced by PHA showed an increasing trend with palmvitee supplementation in both smokers and nonsmokers. Natural killer cells were decreased; CD4+ cells and B cells were increased in smokers compared to nonsmokers but were unaffected with vitamin E supplementation except in the percentage of B cells which were increased in nonsmokers supplemented palmvitee compared to placebo. CD4+/CD8+ ratio was increased in smokers compared to nonsmokers. The high TWBC count observed in smokers correlated with the increased CD4+ and B cells.

Conclusions

Smoking caused alterations in certain immune parameters and palmvitee supplementation tended to cause an increase in lymphocytes transformation test but had no effect on CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK cells and B cells except B cells percentage in nonsmokers.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Perturbation of cellular immune functions in cigarette smokers and protection by palm oil vitamin E supplementation
Authors
Zakiah Jubri
Azian Abdul Latif
Abdul Gapor Md Top
Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Nutrition Journal / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2891
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-2

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