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Open Access 01-12-2024 | Parkinson's Disease | Research

Alpha-synuclein inclusion responsive microglia are resistant to CSF1R inhibition

Authors: Anna C. Stoll, Christopher J. Kemp, Joseph R. Patterson, Michael Kubik, Nathan Kuhn, Matthew Benskey, Megan F. Duffy, Kelvin C. Luk, Caryl E. Sortwell

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the presence of proteinaceous alpha-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions (Lewy bodies), markers of neuroinflammation and the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons. These pathological features can be recapitulated in vivo using the α-syn preformed fibril (PFF) model of synucleinopathy. We have previously determined that microglia proximal to PFF-induced nigral α-syn inclusions increase in soma size, upregulate major-histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II) expression, and increase expression of a suite of inflammation-associated transcripts. This microglial response is observed months prior to degeneration, suggesting that microglia reacting to α-syn inclusion may contribute to neurodegeneration and could represent a potential target for novel therapeutics. The goal of this study was to determine whether colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R)-mediated microglial depletion impacts the magnitude of α-syn aggregation, nigrostriatal degeneration, or the response of microglial in the context of the α-syn PFF model.

Methods

Male Fischer 344 rats were injected intrastriatally with either α-syn PFFs or saline. Rats were continuously administered Pexidartinib (PLX3397B, 600 mg/kg), a CSF1R inhibitor, to deplete microglia for a period of either 2 or 6 months.

Results

CSF1R inhibition resulted in significant depletion (~ 43%) of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunoreactive (Iba-1ir) microglia within the SNpc. However, CSF1R inhibition did not impact the increase in microglial number, soma size, number of MHC-II immunoreactive microglia or microglial expression of Cd74, Cxcl10, Rt-1a2, Grn, Csf1r, Tyrobp, and Fcer1g associated with phosphorylated α-syn (pSyn) nigral inclusions. Further, accumulation of pSyn and degeneration of nigral neurons was not impacted by CSF1R inhibition. Paradoxically, long term CSF1R inhibition resulted in increased soma size of remaining Iba-1ir microglia in both control and PFF rats, as well as expression of MHC-II in extranigral regions.

Conclusions

Collectively, our results suggest that CSF1R inhibition does not impact the microglial response to nigral pSyn inclusions and that CSF1R inhibition is not a viable disease-modifying strategy for PD.

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Title: Alpha-synuclein inclusion responsive microglia are resistant to CSF1R inhibition
Authors: Anna C. Stoll
Christopher J. Kemp
Joseph R. Patterson
Michael Kubik
Nathan Kuhn
Matthew Benskey
Megan F. Duffy
Kelvin C. Luk
Caryl E. Sortwell
Publication date: 01-12-2024
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keyword: Parkinson's Disease
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03108-5

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Alpha-synuclein inclusion responsive microglia are resistant to CSF1R inhibition

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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