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Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®
Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 9/2008

01-09-2008 | Symposium: Molecular Genetics in Sarcoma

Osteosarcoma Development and Stem Cell Differentiation

Authors: Ni Tang, MD, PhD, Wen-Xin Song, MD, Jinyong Luo, MD, Rex C. Haydon, MD, PhD, Tong-Chuan He, MD, PhD

Published in: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® | Issue 9/2008

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Abstract

Osteosarcoma is the most common nonhematologic malignancy of bone in children and adults. The peak incidence occurs in the second decade of life, with a smaller peak after age 50. Osteosarcoma typically arises around the growth plate of long bones. Most osteosarcoma tumors are of high grade and tend to develop pulmonary metastases. Despite clinical improvements, patients with metastatic or recurrent diseases have a poor prognosis. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of human osteosarcoma, with an emphasis on potential links between defective osteogenic differentiation and bone tumorigenesis. Existing data indicate osteosarcoma tumors display a broad range of genetic and molecular alterations, including the gains, losses, or arrangements of chromosomal regions, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and the deregulation of major signaling pathways. However, except for p53 and/or RB mutations, most alterations are not constantly detected in the majority of osteosarcoma tumors. With a rapid expansion of our knowledge about stem cell biology, emerging evidence suggests osteosarcoma should be regarded as a differentiation disease caused by genetic and epigenetic changes that interrupt osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma could ultimately lead to the development of diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as targeted therapeutics for osteosarcoma patients.
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Metadata
Title
Osteosarcoma Development and Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors
Ni Tang, MD, PhD
Wen-Xin Song, MD
Jinyong Luo, MD
Rex C. Haydon, MD, PhD
Tong-Chuan He, MD, PhD
Publication date
01-09-2008
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® / Issue 9/2008
Print ISSN: 0009-921X
Electronic ISSN: 1528-1132
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-008-0335-z

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