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Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 12/2023

Open Access 24-09-2023 | Osteoarthrosis | KNEE

Subchondral bone remodeling patterns in larger animal models of meniscal injuries inducing knee osteoarthritis – a systematic review

Authors: Tamás Oláh, Magali Cucchiarini, Henning Madry

Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy | Issue 12/2023

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Abstract

Purpose

Elucidating subchondral bone remodeling in preclinical models of traumatic meniscus injury may address clinically relevant questions about determinants of knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Studies on subchondral bone remodeling in larger animal models applying meniscal injuries as standardizing entity were systematically analyzed. Of the identified 5367 papers reporting total or partial meniscectomy, meniscal transection or destabilization, 0.4% (in guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, minipigs, sheep) remained eligible.

Results

Only early or mid-term time points were available. Larger joint sizes allow reporting higher topographical details. The most frequently reported parameters were BV/TV (61%), BMD (41%), osteophytes (41%) and subchondral bone plate thickness (39%). Subchondral bone plate microstructure is not comprehensively, subarticular spongiosa microstructure is well characterized. The subarticular spongiosa is altered shortly before the subchondral bone plate. These early changes involve degradation of subarticular trabecular elements, reduction of their number, loss of bone volume and reduced mineralization. Soon thereafter, the previously normal subchondral bone plate becomes thicker. Its porosity first increases, then decreases.

Conclusion

The specific human topographical pattern of a thinner subchondral bone plate in the region below both menisci is present solely in the larger species (partly in rabbits), but absent in rodents, an important fact to consider when designing animal studies examining subchondral consequences of meniscus damage. Large animal models are capable of providing high topographical detail, suggesting that they may represent suitable study systems reflecting the clinical complexities. For advanced OA, significant gaps of knowledge exist. Future investigations assessing the subchondral bone in a standardized fashion are warranted.
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Metadata
Title
Subchondral bone remodeling patterns in larger animal models of meniscal injuries inducing knee osteoarthritis – a systematic review
Authors
Tamás Oláh
Magali Cucchiarini
Henning Madry
Publication date
24-09-2023
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy / Issue 12/2023
Print ISSN: 0942-2056
Electronic ISSN: 1433-7347
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-023-07579-6

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