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Arthritis Research & Therapy
Published in: Arthritis Research & Therapy 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Osteoarthrosis | Research

Equine osteoarthritis modifies fatty acid signatures in synovial fluid and its extracellular vesicles

Authors: Anne-Mari Mustonen, Nina Lehmonen, Tommi Paakkonen, Marja Raekallio, Reijo Käkelä, Tytti Niemelä, Anna Mykkänen, Sanna P. Sihvo, Petteri Nieminen

Published in: Arthritis Research & Therapy | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Background

Individual fatty acids (FAs) and their derivatives (lipid mediators) with pro-inflammatory or dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties have potential to influence the health of joint tissues. Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-associated chronic joint disease that can be featured with altered FA composition in the synovial fluid (SF) of human patients. The counts and cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound particles released by synovial joint cells and transporting bioactive lipids, can also be modified by OA. The detailed FA signatures of SF and its EVs have remained unexplored in the horse — a well-recognized veterinary model for OA research.

Methods

The aim of the present study was to compare the FA profiles in equine SF and its ultracentrifuged EV fraction between control, contralateral, and OA metacarpophalangeal joints (n = 8/group). The FA profiles of total lipids were determined by gas chromatography and the data compared with univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The data revealed distinct FA profiles in SF and its EV-enriched pellet that were modified by naturally occurring equine OA. Regarding SFs, linoleic acid (generalized linear model, p = 0.0006), myristic acid (p = 0.003), palmitoleic acid (p < 0.0005), and n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated FA ratio (p < 0.0005) were among the important variables that separated OA from control samples. In EV-enriched pellets, saturated FAs palmitic acid (p = 0.020), stearic acid (p = 0.002), and behenic acid (p = 0.003) indicated OA. The observed FA modifications are potentially detrimental and could contribute to inflammatory processes and cartilage degradation in OA.

Conclusions

Equine OA joints can be distinguished from normal joints based on their FA signatures in SF and its EV-enriched pellet. Clarifying the roles of SF and EV FA compositions in the pathogenesis of OA and their potential as joint disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets warrants future studies.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Equine osteoarthritis modifies fatty acid signatures in synovial fluid and its extracellular vesicles
Authors
Anne-Mari Mustonen
Nina Lehmonen
Tommi Paakkonen
Marja Raekallio
Reijo Käkelä
Tytti Niemelä
Anna Mykkänen
Sanna P. Sihvo
Petteri Nieminen
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Arthritis Research & Therapy / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1478-6362
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-023-02998-9

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