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Current Diabetes Reports
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports 4/2022

01-04-2022 | Obesity | Obesity (KM Gadde and P Singh, Section Editors)

Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Hemodynamic Response to Hyperinsulinemia—Implications for Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Authors: Jacqueline K. Limberg, Rogerio N. Soares, Jaume Padilla

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 4/2022

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Herein, we summarize recent advances which provide new insights into the role of the autonomic nervous system in the control of blood flow and blood pressure during hyperinsulinemia. We also highlight remaining gaps in knowledge as it pertains to the translation of findings to relevant human chronic conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.

Recent Findings

Our findings in insulin-sensitive adults show that increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity with hyperinsulinemia do not result in greater sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in the peripheral circulation. Both an attenuation of α-adrenergic-receptor vasoconstriction and augmented β-adrenergic vasodilation in the setting of high insulin likely explain these findings. In the absence of an increase in sympathetically mediated restraint of peripheral vasodilation during hyperinsulinemia, blood pressure is supported by increases in cardiac output in insulin-sensitive individuals.

Summary

We highlight a dynamic interplay between central and peripheral mechanisms during hyperinsulinemia to increase sympathetic nervous system activity and maintain blood pressure in insulin-sensitive adults. Whether these results translate to the insulin-resistant condition and implications for long-term cardiovascular regulation warrants further exploration.
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Metadata
Title
Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Hemodynamic Response to Hyperinsulinemia—Implications for Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Authors
Jacqueline K. Limberg
Rogerio N. Soares
Jaume Padilla
Publication date
01-04-2022
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 4/2022
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-022-01456-1

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