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European Journal of Medical Research
Published in: European Journal of Medical Research 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Obesity | Review

Obesity is associated with increased severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Yanan Chu, Jinxiu Yang, Jiaran Shi, Pingping Zhang, Xingxiang Wang

Published in: European Journal of Medical Research | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

Obesity has been widely reported to be associated with the disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, some studies have reported different findings. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between obesity and poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from 1 November 2019 to 24 May 2020 was performed. Study quality was assessed, and data extraction was conducted. The meta-analysis was carried out using fixed-effects and random-effects models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of several poor outcomes in obese and non-obese COVID-19 patients.

Results

Twenty-two studies (n = 12,591 patients) were included. Pooled analysis demonstrated that body mass index (BMI) was higher in severe/critical COVID-19 patients than in mild COVID-19 patients (MD 2.48 kg/m2, 95% CI [2.00 to 2.96 kg/m2]). Additionally, obesity in COVID-19 patients was associated with poor outcomes (OR = 1.683, 95% CI [1.408–2.011]), which comprised severe COVID-19, ICU care, invasive mechanical ventilation use, and disease progression (OR = 4.17, 95% CI [2.32–7.48]; OR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.18–2.09]; OR = 2.13, 95% CI [1.10–4.14]; OR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.26–1.58], respectively). Obesity as a risk factor was greater in younger patients (OR 3.30 vs. 1.72). However, obesity did not increase the risk of hospital mortality (OR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.32–2.51]).

Conclusions

As a result of a potentially critical role of obesity in determining the severity of COVID-19, it is important to collect anthropometric information for COVID-19 patients, especially the younger group. However, obesity may not be associated with hospital mortality, and efforts to understand the impact of obesity on the mortality of COVID-19 patients should be a research priority in the future.
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Metadata
Title
Obesity is associated with increased severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors
Yanan Chu
Jinxiu Yang
Jiaran Shi
Pingping Zhang
Xingxiang Wang
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
European Journal of Medical Research / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 2047-783X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-020-00464-9

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