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Acta Diabetologica

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Open Access 14-04-2023 | Obesity | Review Article

Microbiota-gut-brain axis: relationships among the vagus nerve, gut microbiota, obesity, and diabetes

Authors: Susanna Longo, Stefano Rizza, Massimo Federici

Published in: Acta Diabetologica | Issue 8/2023

Abstract

Aims

The purpose of this review is to explore the interconnected pathways of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), focusing on the roles of the vagus nerve and glucagon like peptide-1 in appetite control, and in the development of obesity and diabetes.

Methods

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are metabolic disorders whose prevalence has significantly increased in recent decades and is expected to increase every year, to pandemic proportions. These two pathologies often coexist and have substantial public health implications. The term “diabesity” defines the pathophysiological connection between overweight and T2DM. The gut microbiota affects many aspects of the host. Beyond the regulation of intestinal functions and the activation of immune responses, the gut microbiota plays a role in central nervous system functions (i.e., mood, and psychiatric conditions associated with stress and memory) and is a central regulator of metabolism and appetite.

Results

The MGBA involves pathways such as the autonomic and enteric nervous systems, the hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenal axis, the immune system, enteroendocrine cells, and microbial metabolites. Notably, the vagus nerve plays an essential role in eating behavior by modulating appetite and learning nutritional preferences.

Conclusions

Because of its enteroendocrine cell-mediated interaction with the gut microbiota, the vagus nerve may provide a potential pathway through which gut microorganisms influence host feeding behavior and metabolic control of physiological and pathological conditions.

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Title: Microbiota-gut-brain axis: relationships among the vagus nerve, gut microbiota, obesity, and diabetes
Authors: Susanna Longo
Stefano Rizza
Massimo Federici
Publication date: 14-04-2023
Publisher: Springer Milan
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Insulins
Respiratory Microbiota
Insulins
Published in: Acta Diabetologica / Issue 8/2023
Print ISSN: 0940-5429
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5233
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-023-02088-x

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