Top

BMC Pediatrics

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Obesity | Research article

Later achievement of infant motor milestones is related to lower levels of physical activity during childhood: the GECKO Drenthe cohort

Authors: Silvia I. Brouwer, Ronald P. Stolk, Eva Corpeleijn

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2019

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study is to investigate whether age of infant motor milestone achievement is related to levels of physical activity (PA), weight status and blood pressure at age 4–7 years of age.

Methods

In the Dutch GECKO (Groningen Expert Center of Kids with Obesity) Drenthe cohort, the age of achieving the motor milestone ‘walking without support’ was reported by parents. Weight status and blood pressure were assessed by trained health nurses and PA was measured using the Actigraph GT3X between age 4 and 7 years.

Results

Adjusted for children’s age, sex and the mother’s education level, infants who achieved walking without support at a later age, spent more time in sedentary behaviour during childhood and less time in moderate-to-vigorous PA. Later motor milestones achievement was not related to higher BMI Z-score, waist circumference Z-score, diastolic or systolic blood pressure.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that a later age of achieving motor milestone within the normal range have a weak relation to lower PA levels at later age. It is not likely that this will have consequences for weight status or blood pressure at 4–7 years of age.

Carson V, Lee EY, Hewitt L, Jennings C, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Stearns JA, Unrau SP, Poitras VJ, Gray C, Adamo KB, Janssen I, Okely AD, Spence JC, Timmons BW, Sampson M, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years). BMC Public Health. 2017;17(Suppl 5):854–017.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Timmons BW, Leblanc AG, Carson V, Connor Gorber S, Dillman C, Janssen I, Kho ME, Spence JC, Stearns JA, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of physical activity and health in the early years (aged 0-4 years). Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37(4):773–92.PubMedCrossRef

Jones RA, Hinkley T, Okely AD, Salmon J. Tracking physical activity and sedentary behavior in childhood: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):651–8.PubMedCrossRef

Telama R, Yang X, Leskinen E, Kankaanpaa A, Hirvensalo M, Tammelin T, Viikari JS, Raitakari OT. Tracking of physical activity from early childhood through youth into adulthood. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(5):955–62.PubMedCrossRef

Cohen KE, Morgan PJ, Plotnikoff RC, Callister R, Lubans DR. Fundamental movement skills and physical activity among children living in low-income communities: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014;11(1):49–5868.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Foweather L, Knowles Z, Ridgers ND, O’Dwyer MV, Foulkes JD, Stratton G. Fundamental movement skills in relation to weekday and weekend physical activity in preschool children. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18(6):691–6.PubMedCrossRef

Williams HG, Pfeiffer KA, Dowda M, Jeter C, Jones S, Pate RR. A field-based testing protocol for assessing gross motor skills in preschool children: the CHAMPS motor skills protocol (CMSP). Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2009;13(3):151–65.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Lopes L, Santos R, Pereira B, Lopes VP. Associations between sedentary behavior and motor coordination in children. Am J Hum Biol. 2012;24(6):746–52.PubMedCrossRef

Barnett LM, Morgan PJ, Van Beurden E, Ball K, Lubans DR. A reverse pathway? Actual and perceived skill proficiency and physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(5):898–904.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Barnett LM, van Beurden E, Morgan PJ, Brooks LO, Beard JR. Childhood motor skill proficiency as a predictor of adolescent physical activity. J Adolesc Health. 2009;44(3):252–9.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Barnett LM, Salmon J, Hesketh KD. More active pre-school children have better motor competence at school starting age: an observational cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1068–16.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

12.

Oglund GP, Hildebrand M, Ekelund U. Are birth weight, early growth, and motor development determinants of physical activity in children and youth? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2015;27(4):441–53.PubMedCrossRef

13.

Wijtzes AI, Kooijman MN, Kiefte-de Jong JC, de Vries SI, Henrichs J, Jansen W, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, Moll HA, Raat H. Correlates of physical activity in 2-year-old toddlers: the generation R study. J Pediatr. 2013;163(3):791–9.e1.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Mattocks C, Deere K, Leary S, Ness A, Tilling K, Blair SN, Riddoch C. Early life determinants of physical activity in 11 to 12 year olds: cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(9):721–4.PubMed

15.

Ng SW, Popkin BM. Time use and physical activity: a shift away from movement across the globe. Obes Rev. 2012;13(8):659–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

16.

Barnett LM, Lai SK, Veldman SLC, Hardy LL, Cliff DP, Morgan PJ, Zask A, Lubans DR, Shultz SP, Ridgers ND, Rush E, Brown HL, Okely AD. Correlates of gross motor competence in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2016;46(11):1663–88.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

17.

Lubans DR, Morgan PJ, Cliff DP, Barnett LM, Okely AD. Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents: review of associated health benefits. Sports Med. 2010;40(12):1019–35.PubMedCrossRef

18.

Milne N, Leong GM, Hing W. The relationship between children's motor proficiency and health-related fitness. J Paediatr Child Health. 2016;52(8):825–31.PubMedCrossRef

19.

L’Abee C, Sauer PJ, Damen M, Rake JP, Cats H, Stolk RP. Cohort profile: the GECKO Drenthe study, overweight programming during early childhood. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37(3):486–9.PubMedCrossRef

20.

National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;114(2 Suppl 4th Report):555–76.CrossRef

21.

Brouwer SI, van Beijsterveldt TC, Bartels M, Hudziak JJ, Boomsma DI. Influences on achieving motor milestones: a twin-singleton study. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2006;9(3):424–30.PubMedCrossRef

22.

WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO motor development study: windows of achievement for six gross motor development milestones. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2006;450:86–95.

23.

WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. Reliability of motor development data in the WHO multicentre growth reference study. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2006;450:47–55.

24.

Wijnhoven TM, de Onis M, Onyango AW, Wang T, Bjoerneboe GE, Bhandari N. Lartey a, al Rashidi B: assessment of gross motor development in the WHO multicentre growth reference study. Food Nutr Bull. 2004;25(1 Suppl):S37–45.PubMedCrossRef

25.

Langendonk JM, van Beijsterveldt CE, Brouwer SI, Stroet T, Hudziak JJ, Boomsma DI. Assessment of motor milestones in twins. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2007;10(6):835–9.PubMedCrossRef

26.

Benjamin Neelon SE, Oken E, Taveras EM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gillman MW. Age of achievement of gross motor milestones in infancy and adiposity at age 3 years. Matern Child Health J. 2012;16(5):1015–20.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Ridgway CL, Ong KK, Tammelin TH, Sharp S, Ekelund U, Jarvelin MR. Infant motor development predicts sports participation at age 14 years: northern Finland birth cohort of 1966. PLoS One. 2009;4(8):e6837.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

28.

Hanggi JM, Phillips LR, Rowlands AV. Validation of the GT3X ActiGraph in children and comparison with the GT1M ActiGraph. J Sci Med Sport. 2013;16(1):40–4.PubMedCrossRef

29.

Choi L, Ward SC, Schnelle JF, Buchowski MS. Assessment of wear/nonwear time classification algorithms for triaxial accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(10):2009–16.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

30.

Butte NF, Wong WW, Lee JS, Adolph AL, Puyau MR, Zakeri IF. Prediction of energy expenditure and physical activity in preschoolers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(6):1216–26.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

31.

Banda JA, Haydel KF, Davila T, Desai M, Bryson S, Haskell WL, Matheson D, Robinson TN. Effects of varying epoch lengths, Wear time algorithms, and activity cut-points on estimates of child sedentary behavior and physical activity from accelerometer data. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0150534.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

32.

Janssen I, Leblanc AG. Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010;7:40–5868.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

33.

Kristensen PL, Moller NC, Korsholm L, Wedderkopp N, Andersen LB, Froberg K. Tracking of objectively measured physical activity from childhood to adolescence: the European youth heart study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(2):171–8.PubMedCrossRef

34.

Ling J, Robbins LB, Wen F, Peng W. Interventions to increase physical activity in children aged 2-5 years: a systematic review. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2015;27(3):314–33.PubMedCrossRef

35.

Poitras VJ, Gray CE, Borghese MM, Carson V, Chaput JP, Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Pate RR, Connor Gorber S, Kho ME, Sampson M, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(6 Suppl 3):S197–239.PubMedCrossRef

36.

Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Gray CE, Poitras VJ, Chaput JP, Saunders TJ, Katzmarzyk PT, Okely AD, Connor Gorber S, Kho ME, Sampson M, Lee H, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(6 Suppl 3):S240–65.PubMedCrossRef

37.

Hamadani JD, Tofail F, Cole T, Grantham-McGregor S. The relation between age of attainment of motor milestones and future cognitive and motor development in Bangladeshi children. Matern Child Nutr. 2013;9(Suppl 1):89–104.PubMedCrossRef

38.

Shibli R, Rubin L, Akons H, Shaoul R. Morbidity of overweight (>or=85th percentile) in the first 2 years of life. Pediatrics. 2008;122(2):267–72.PubMedCrossRef

39.

Slining M, Adair LS, Goldman BD, Borja JB, Bentley M. Infant overweight is associated with delayed motor development. J Pediatr. 2010;157(1):20–25.e1.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

40.

Schmidt Morgen C, Andersen AM, Due P, Neelon SB, Gamborg M, Sorensen TI. Timing of motor milestones achievement and development of overweight in childhood: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Pediatr Obes. 2014;9(4):239–48.PubMedCrossRef

41.

de Vries AG, Huiting HG, van den Heuvel ER, L’Abee C, Corpeleijn E, Stolk RP. An activity stimulation programme during a child's first year reduces some indicators of adiposity at the age of two-and-a-half. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(4):414–21.PubMedCrossRef

42.

Brouwer SI, Küpers LK, Kors L, Sijtsma A, Sauer PJJ, Renders CM, Corpeleijn E. Parental physical activity is associated with objectively measured physical activity in young children in a sex-specific manner: the GECKO Drenthe cohort. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1033.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Title: Later achievement of infant motor milestones is related to lower levels of physical activity during childhood: the GECKO Drenthe cohort
Authors: Silvia I. Brouwer
Ronald P. Stolk
Eva Corpeleijn
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Published in: BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1784-0

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Later achievement of infant motor milestones is related to lower levels of physical activity during childhood: the GECKO Drenthe cohort

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

Obesity and understudied minority children: existing challenges and opportunities in epidemiology

Genotypes of glycoprotein B gene among the Indian symptomatic neonates with congenital CMV infection

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital megalourethra with imperforate anus

Phase I clinical study of oral olaparib in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors: study protocol

Pseudotumour cerebri associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and treatment with levofloxacin: a case report

Correction to: Delayed appearance of mature ganglia in an infant with an atypical presentation of total colonic and small bowel aganglionosis: a case report