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Sports Medicine
Published in: Sports Medicine 11/2016

Open Access 01-11-2016 | Systematic Review

Correlates of Gross Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Authors: Lisa M. Barnett, Samuel K. Lai, Sanne L. C. Veldman, Louise L. Hardy, Dylan P. Cliff, Philip J. Morgan, Avigdor Zask, David R. Lubans, Sarah P. Shultz, Nicola D. Ridgers, Elaine Rush, Helen L. Brown, Anthony D. Okely

Published in: Sports Medicine | Issue 11/2016

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Abstract

Background

Gross motor competence confers health benefits, but levels in children and adolescents are low. While interventions can improve gross motor competence, it remains unclear which correlates should be targeted to ensure interventions are most effective, and for whom targeted and tailored interventions should be developed.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to identify the potential correlates of gross motor competence in typically developing children and adolescents (aged 3–18 years) using an ecological approach.

Methods

Motor competence was defined as gross motor skill competency, encompassing fundamental movement skills and motor coordination, but excluding motor fitness. Studies needed to assess a summary score of at least one aspect of motor competence (i.e., object control, locomotor, stability, or motor coordination). A structured electronic literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Six electronic databases (CINAHL Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO®, Scopus and SPORTDiscus with Full Text) were searched from 1994 to 5 August 2014. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between potential correlates and motor competency if at least three individual studies investigated the same correlate and also reported standardized regression coefficients.

Results

A total of 59 studies were identified from 22 different countries, published between 1995 and 2014. Studies reflected the full range of age groups. The most examined correlates were biological and demographic factors. Age (increasing) was a correlate of children’s motor competence. Weight status (healthy), sex (male) and socioeconomic background (higher) were consistent correlates for certain aspects of motor competence only. Physical activity and sport participation constituted the majority of investigations in the behavioral attributes and skills category. Whilst we found physical activity to be a positive correlate of skill composite and motor coordination, we also found indeterminate evidence for physical activity being a correlate of object control or locomotor skill competence. Few studies investigated cognitive, emotional and psychological factors, cultural and social factors or physical environment factors as correlates of motor competence.

Conclusion

This systematic review is the first that has investigated correlates of gross motor competence in children and adolescents. A strength is that we categorized correlates according to the specific ways motor competence has been defined and operationalized (object control, motor coordination, etc.), which enables us to have an understanding of what correlates assist what types of motor competence. Indeed our findings do suggest that evidence for some correlates differs according to how motor competence is operationalized.
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Metadata
Title
Correlates of Gross Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors
Lisa M. Barnett
Samuel K. Lai
Sanne L. C. Veldman
Louise L. Hardy
Dylan P. Cliff
Philip J. Morgan
Avigdor Zask
David R. Lubans
Sarah P. Shultz
Nicola D. Ridgers
Elaine Rush
Helen L. Brown
Anthony D. Okely
Publication date
01-11-2016
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Sports Medicine / Issue 11/2016
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0495-z

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