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Journal of Community Health
Published in: Journal of Community Health 3/2019

01-06-2019 | Obesity | Original Paper

Income, Race and its Association with Obesogenic Behaviors of U.S. Children and Adolescents, NHANES 2003–2006

Authors: Ethan T. Hunt, Keith Brazendale, Caroline Dunn, Alycia K. Boutté, Jihong Liu, James Hardin, Michael W. Beets, R. Glenn Weaver

Published in: Journal of Community Health | Issue 3/2019

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Abstract

Objectives

To describe the associations of income and race with obesogenic behaviors and % body fat among a large sample of U.S. children and adolescents.

Design

Data were obtained from the 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Multiple linear regression models and interactions were used to examine the associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, diet quality, and screen-time with income-to-poverty ratio and race. Separate stratified analyses explored associations among individual obesogenic behaviors within race and income groups.

Results

This study included children and adolescents (n = 3551, mean = 13.1 years, SD = 3.9 years) who were 37% Hispanic, 27% White, and 35% Black. Overall, Hispanic children/adolescents had significantly higher levels of adiposity (3.6, 95 CI = 0.9, 6.3) than white children and adolescents. Medium-income children and adolescents engaged in less MVPA (− 3.3 min, 95 CI = − 5.1, − 1.5), had poorer diet quality (− 1.1, 95 CI = − 1.9, − 0.2), and used screens less (− 33.9 min, 95 CI = − 45.4, − 22.4) than children and adolescents from low-income households. High-income children and adolescents also engaged in less MVPA (− 3.1 min, 95 CI = − 5.5, − 0.7) and used screens less (− 62.9 min, 95 CI = − 78.3, − 47.4) than children and adolescents from low-income households. However, there were significant race/ethnicity-by-income interactions for high-income Hispanic children and adolescents with diet quality (− 3.5 HEI-2010 score, 95 CI = − 6.6, − 0.4) and screen time (66.9 min, 95 CI = 24.7, 109.0). There was also a significant race/ethnicity-by-income interaction for the screen-time of Black children and adolescents from medium (33.8 min, 95% CI 0.2, 67.3) and high (75.8 min, 95% CI 34.7, 117.0) income households.

Conclusions

There appears to be a complex relationship that varies by race/ethnicity between income, obesogenic behaviors, and adiposity levels among children and adolescents. More work is needed to identify the behavioral mechanisms that are driving disparate rates of overweight and obesity among minority children and those from low-income households.
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Metadata
Title
Income, Race and its Association with Obesogenic Behaviors of U.S. Children and Adolescents, NHANES 2003–2006
Authors
Ethan T. Hunt
Keith Brazendale
Caroline Dunn
Alycia K. Boutté
Jihong Liu
James Hardin
Michael W. Beets
R. Glenn Weaver
Publication date
01-06-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Community Health / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 0094-5145
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3610
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-018-00613-6

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