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Diabetologia

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Open Access 01-07-2019 | Obesity | Meta-Analysis

Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Jakob Tarp, Andreas P. Støle, Kim Blond, Anders Grøntved

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 7/2019

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

The study aimed to quantitatively summarise the dose–response relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength on the one hand and risk of type 2 diabetes on the other and estimate the hypothetical benefits associated with population-wide changes in the distribution of fitness.

Methods

We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis. The PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases were searched from inception dates to 12 December 2018 for cohort studies examining the association of cardiorespiratory fitness or muscular strength with risk of incident type 2 diabetes in adults. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results

Twenty-two studies of cardiorespiratory fitness and 13 studies of muscular strength were included in the systematic review with both exposures having ten estimates available for the primary adiposity- or body size-controlled meta-analysis. In random-effects meta-analysis including 40,286 incident cases of type 2 diabetes in 1,601,490 participants, each 1 metabolic equivalent (MET) higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with an 8% (95% CI 6%, 10%) lower RR of type 2 diabetes. The association was linear throughout the examined spectrum of cardiorespiratory fitness. In 39,233 cases and 1,713,468 participants each 1 SD higher muscular strength was associated with a 13% (95% CI 6%, 19%) lower RR of type 2 diabetes. We estimated that 4% to 21% of new annual cases of type 2 diabetes among 45–64-year-olds could be prevented by feasible and plausible population cardiorespiratory fitness changes.

Conclusions/interpretation

Relatively small increments in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength were associated with clinically meaningful reductions in type 2 diabetes risk with indication of a linear dose–response relationship for cardiorespiratory fitness.

Registration:

PROSPERO (CRD42017064526).

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Title: Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jakob Tarp
Andreas P. Støle
Kim Blond
Anders Grøntved
Publication date: 01-07-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Type 2 Diabetes
Published in: Diabetologia / Issue 7/2019
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4867-4

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Vascular endothelial PDPK1 plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of pancreatic beta cell mass and function in adult male mice

Perinatal risk factors for type 1 diabetes revisited: a population-based register study

Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: an observational cohort study of 186 pregnancies

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage