Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 2/2019

01-04-2019 | Editorial

Noninvasive myocardial blood flow assessment: Another marker of arrhythmic risk?

Authors: Alejandro Velasco, MD, Harish Doppalapudi, MD

Published in: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology | Issue 2/2019

Login to get access

Excerpt

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is one of the most important predictors of risk for cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death (SCD) and is currently used as the main parameter to determine which patients will benefit from prophylactic ICD placement.1 However, LVEF alone has limited sensitivity and specificity for assessing arrhythmic risk. Many patients receiving an ICD based on current guidelines (LVEF ≤ 35%) do not use it over several years of follow up.2 Advances in heart failure therapy may further diminish the benefit derived from ICD placement in some groups, as suggested by the recent DANISH study.3 On the other hand, it is well known that some patients with relatively preserved LVEF have a high risk of SCD.4,5
Literature
1.
go back to reference Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, Dimarco JP, Dunbar SB, Estes NA 3rd, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:1297-313.CrossRefPubMed Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, Dimarco JP, Dunbar SB, Estes NA 3rd, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:1297-313.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Barsheshet A, Moss AJ, Huang DT, McNitt S, Zareba W, Goldenberg I. Applicability of a risk score for prediction of the long-term (8-year) benefit of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:2075-9.CrossRefPubMed Barsheshet A, Moss AJ, Huang DT, McNitt S, Zareba W, Goldenberg I. Applicability of a risk score for prediction of the long-term (8-year) benefit of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:2075-9.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Kober L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC, Haarbo J, Videbaek L, Korup E, et al. Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1221-30.CrossRefPubMed Kober L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC, Haarbo J, Videbaek L, Korup E, et al. Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1221-30.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Dagres N, Hindricks G. Risk stratification after myocardial infarction: Is left ventricular ejection fraction enough to prevent sudden cardiac death? Eur Heart J 2013;34:1964-71.CrossRefPubMed Dagres N, Hindricks G. Risk stratification after myocardial infarction: Is left ventricular ejection fraction enough to prevent sudden cardiac death? Eur Heart J 2013;34:1964-71.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Stecker EC, Vickers C, Waltz J, Socoteanu C, John BT, Mariani R, et al. Population-based analysis of sudden cardiac death with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Two-year findings from the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1161-6.CrossRefPubMed Stecker EC, Vickers C, Waltz J, Socoteanu C, John BT, Mariani R, et al. Population-based analysis of sudden cardiac death with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Two-year findings from the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1161-6.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, Josephson ME, Prystowsky EN, Hafley G. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter unsustained tachycardia trial investigators. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1882-90.CrossRefPubMed Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, Josephson ME, Prystowsky EN, Hafley G. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter unsustained tachycardia trial investigators. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1882-90.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Travin MI, Feng D, Taub CC. Novel imaging approaches for predicting arrhythmic risk. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;8:e003019.CrossRefPubMed Travin MI, Feng D, Taub CC. Novel imaging approaches for predicting arrhythmic risk. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;8:e003019.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Haugaa KH, Goebel B, Dahlslett T, Meyer K, Jung C, Lauten A, et al. Risk assessment of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy by strain echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012;25:667-73.CrossRefPubMed Haugaa KH, Goebel B, Dahlslett T, Meyer K, Jung C, Lauten A, et al. Risk assessment of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy by strain echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012;25:667-73.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Haugaa KH, Grenne BL, Eek CH, Ersboll M, Valeur N, Svendsen JH, et al. Strain echocardiography improves risk prediction of ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging 2013;6:841-50.CrossRefPubMed Haugaa KH, Grenne BL, Eek CH, Ersboll M, Valeur N, Svendsen JH, et al. Strain echocardiography improves risk prediction of ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging 2013;6:841-50.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Nazarian S, Bluemke DA, Lardo AC, Zviman MM, Watkins SP, Dickfeld TL, et al. Magnetic resonance assessment of the substrate for inducible ventricular tachycardia in nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2005;112:2821-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nazarian S, Bluemke DA, Lardo AC, Zviman MM, Watkins SP, Dickfeld TL, et al. Magnetic resonance assessment of the substrate for inducible ventricular tachycardia in nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2005;112:2821-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Roes SD, Borleffs CJ, van der Geest RJ, Westenberg JJ, Marsan NA, Kaandorp TA, et al. Infarct tissue heterogeneity assessed with contrast-enhanced MRI predicts spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:183-90.CrossRefPubMed Roes SD, Borleffs CJ, van der Geest RJ, Westenberg JJ, Marsan NA, Kaandorp TA, et al. Infarct tissue heterogeneity assessed with contrast-enhanced MRI predicts spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:183-90.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Piccini JP, Horton JR, Shaw LK, Al-Khatib SM, Lee KL, Iskandrian AE, et al. Single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion defects are associated with an increased risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and sudden cardiac death. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2008;1:180-8.CrossRefPubMed Piccini JP, Horton JR, Shaw LK, Al-Khatib SM, Lee KL, Iskandrian AE, et al. Single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion defects are associated with an increased risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and sudden cardiac death. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2008;1:180-8.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Dorbala S, Hachamovitch R, Curillova Z, Thomas D, Vangala D, Kwong RY, et al. Incremental prognostic value of gated Rb-82 positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging over clinical variables and rest LVEF. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:846-54.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dorbala S, Hachamovitch R, Curillova Z, Thomas D, Vangala D, Kwong RY, et al. Incremental prognostic value of gated Rb-82 positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging over clinical variables and rest LVEF. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:846-54.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Ghannam MMK, Yun HJ, Lazarus JJ, Konerman M, Saleh A, Weinberg RL, Cunnane R, Shah RV, Hiller KM, Ficaro EP, Corbett JR, Murthy VL. Non-invasive measurements of coronary blood flow predicts arrhythmic events in high-risk patients. J Nucl Cardiol 2017. Ghannam MMK, Yun HJ, Lazarus JJ, Konerman M, Saleh A, Weinberg RL, Cunnane R, Shah RV, Hiller KM, Ficaro EP, Corbett JR, Murthy VL. Non-invasive measurements of coronary blood flow predicts arrhythmic events in high-risk patients. J Nucl Cardiol 2017.
16.
go back to reference Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, Hainer J, Gaber M, Di Carli G, et al. Improved cardiac risk assessment with noninvasive measures of coronary flow reserve. Circulation 2011;124:2215-24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, Hainer J, Gaber M, Di Carli G, et al. Improved cardiac risk assessment with noninvasive measures of coronary flow reserve. Circulation 2011;124:2215-24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference Rijnierse MT, de Haan S, Harms HJ, Robbers LF, Wu L, Danad I, et al. Impaired hyperemic myocardial blood flow is associated with inducibility of ventricular arrhythmia in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;7:20-30.CrossRefPubMed Rijnierse MT, de Haan S, Harms HJ, Robbers LF, Wu L, Danad I, et al. Impaired hyperemic myocardial blood flow is associated with inducibility of ventricular arrhythmia in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;7:20-30.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference McElwee SK, Velasco A, Doppalapudi H. Mechanisms of sudden cardiac death. Journal Nucl Cardiol 2016;23:1368-79.CrossRef McElwee SK, Velasco A, Doppalapudi H. Mechanisms of sudden cardiac death. Journal Nucl Cardiol 2016;23:1368-79.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Wilkoff BL, Fauchier L, Stiles MK, Morillo CA, Al-Khatib SM, Almendral J, et al. 2015 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing. Heart Rhythm 2016;13:e50-86.CrossRefPubMed Wilkoff BL, Fauchier L, Stiles MK, Morillo CA, Al-Khatib SM, Almendral J, et al. 2015 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing. Heart Rhythm 2016;13:e50-86.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Moss AJ, Schuger C, Beck CA, Brown MW, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, et al. Reduction in inappropriate therapy and mortality through ICD programming. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2275-83.CrossRefPubMed Moss AJ, Schuger C, Beck CA, Brown MW, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, et al. Reduction in inappropriate therapy and mortality through ICD programming. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2275-83.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Disertori M, Gulizia MM, Casolo G, Delise P, Di Lenarda A, Di Tano G, et al. Improving the appropriateness of sudden arrhythmic death primary prevention by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction. Point of view. J Cardiovasc Med 2016;17:245-55.CrossRef Disertori M, Gulizia MM, Casolo G, Delise P, Di Lenarda A, Di Tano G, et al. Improving the appropriateness of sudden arrhythmic death primary prevention by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction. Point of view. J Cardiovasc Med 2016;17:245-55.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Noninvasive myocardial blood flow assessment: Another marker of arrhythmic risk?
Authors
Alejandro Velasco, MD
Harish Doppalapudi, MD
Publication date
01-04-2019
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology / Issue 2/2019
Print ISSN: 1071-3581
Electronic ISSN: 1532-6551
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-0989-6

Other articles of this Issue 2/2019

Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 2/2019 Go to the issue