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Pediatric Cardiology
Published in: Pediatric Cardiology 7/2013

01-10-2013 | Review Article

Nongenetic Risk Factors and Congenital Heart Defects

Authors: Sonali S. Patel, Trudy L. Burns

Published in: Pediatric Cardiology | Issue 7/2013

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Abstract

Advances have been made in identifying genetic etiologies of congenital heart defects. Through this knowledge, preventive strategies have been designed and instituted, and prospective parents are counseled regarding their risk of having an affected child. Great strides have been made in genetic variant identification, and genetic susceptibility to environmental exposures has been hypothesized as an etiology for congenital heart defects. Unfortunately, similar advances in understanding have not been made regarding strategies to prevent nongenetic risk factors. Less information is available regarding the potential adverse effect of modifiable risk factors on the fetal heart. This review summarizes the available literature on these modifiable exposures that may alter the risk for congenital heart disease. Information regarding paternal characteristics and conditions, maternal therapeutic drug exposures, parental nontherapeutic drug exposures, and parental environmental exposures are presented. Factors are presented in terms of risk for congenital heart defects as a group. These factors also are broken down by specific defect type. Although additional investigations are needed in this area, many of the discussed risk factors present an opportunity for prevention of potential disease.
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Metadata
Title
Nongenetic Risk Factors and Congenital Heart Defects
Authors
Sonali S. Patel
Trudy L. Burns
Publication date
01-10-2013
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Pediatric Cardiology / Issue 7/2013
Print ISSN: 0172-0643
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1971
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-013-0775-4

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